Asɛmfua ‘srade’ no yɛ nea nnipa pii nim wɔ yɛn man yi mu mprempren, ɛnte saa? Yɛtaa te nneɛma te sɛ ‘Mewɔ srade a ɛdɔɔso’, ‘Nni aduan a srade wom anyɛ saa a wubenya srade’. Nanso dɛn ankasa ne saa srade yi? Dɛn nti na asiane wom? Nnipa pii nnim ho hwee. Ade a ɛyɛ hu sen biara ne sɛ yɛn nipadua no nkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara ɛwom mpo sɛ yɛn srade dɔɔso de. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu ɔtamfo a ɔyɛ komm yi yiye no.
Dɛn ankasa ne srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, srade yɛ srade bi a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu. Ɛho hia na ama wɔanya nkwammoaa, abɔ ntini ahorow ho ban, na wɔayɛ hormone ahorow. Nanso ɔhaw no fi ase bere a yɛwɔ bi dodo no.
Cholesterol ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:
1. LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) srade: Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no srade "bɔne" . Te sɛ efĩ a ɛkyere nsu paipu mu no, saa LDL srade yi boaboa ano wɔ yɛn mogya ntini no afasu so, na ɛyɛ teateaa na esiw ano.
2. HDL (High-density lipoprotein) srade: Yɛfrɛ eyi srade "pa" . Ɛyɛ adwuma denam LDL srade bɔne a eyi fi mogya ntini no mu na ɛtew ho no so. Ɛte sɛ obi a ɔtew nneɛma ho.
Wɔ abien yi akyi no, srade foforo bi wɔ yɛn mogya mu a wɔfrɛ no triglycerides . Te sɛ LDL no, sɛ eyinom kɔ soro a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya komayare no yɛ kɛse.
Mpɛn pii no, yɛn mmerɛbo na ɛma srade a yehia no ba. Nanso yenya srade foforo nso fi nnuan a yedi mu, titiriw nnuan a wɔayɛ ho adwuma (e.g., donuts, pizza a wɔahyɛ no nwini, biscuit, patties, rolls) ne mmoa nnuan (nufusu, nkesua, nam). Bere kɔ so no, saa srade a ɛboro so yi betumi afi ase asɛe yɛn nipadua a yenhu mpo.
Dɛn ne srade a ɛdɔɔso ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Sɛ wo srade dɔɔso mpo a, ebia worenkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Ebia wowɔ srade a ɛkɔ soro a asiane wom wɔ wo nipadua mu a wunhu mpo.
Enti, ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu nea wo srade dodow yɛ ne sɛ wobɛyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.
Sɛ wunim saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi a, ebetumi aboa wo ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare no so atew. Sɛ wowɔ komayare dedaw a, wo srade a wobɛtew so no betumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare anaa owu a ɛbata ho no so atew.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu srade dodow?
Sɛ woadi boro mfe 20 a, nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ wo srade dodow mu mfe 5 biara . Wɔde mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no lipid profile na ɛyɛ eyi . Saa sɔhwɛ yi kyerɛ nea edidi so yi fa wo ho:
- Cholesterol dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa
- LDL (bɔne) srade dodow
- HDL (papa) srade dodow
- Triglyceride dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
Ɛho hia sɛ woma wɔhwɛ wo srade mu srade mu ma mmofra mpo. Wɔtaa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ mmofra nkɔhwɛ wɔn srade mu srade pɛnkoro bere a wɔadi mfe 9 kosi 11. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ asiane ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu ntɛm mpo (wɔ mfe 2 kosi 10 ntam).
| Asiane ahorow a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mmofra srade mu srade ho nhwehwɛmu ntɛm | |
|---|---|
| Abusua abakɔsɛm | Sɛ ɛna anaa nana bi nyaa komayare, akisikuru, anaa mogya ntini a esiw ansa na ɔredi mfe 65. Sɛ agya anaa nana bi nyaa tebea a ɛte saa ansa na ɔredi mfe 55. Sɛ ɔwofo anaa nana bi srade boro 240 mg/dL a. |
| Ayaresa mu tebea afoforo | Tebea afoforo a ɛfa komayare ho, te sɛ mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso a obi benya. |
Wo srade a ɛwɔ wo mu no bɛboa wo ne wo duruyɛfo ma moasi asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare, ne akwan pa a wobɛfa so atew so ho gyinae. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɔpanyin bi LDL dodow yɛ 190 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa a, wobu no sɛ ɛkɔ soro yiye. Wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa afa nnuru a wubefi ase de adi dwuma de atew so ho. Saa ara nso na sɛ wo HDL (papa) dodow yɛ 60 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare no so tew.
Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde srade a ɛdɔɔso ba?
Nneɛma ahorow betumi ama mogya mu srade dodow akɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso atew.
Adidie
- Srade a ɛyɛ den ne carbohydrates a ɛnyɛ den: Sɛ wotew nnuan a eyinom pii wom so a, ebetumi aboa ma mogya mu srade dodow so atew.
- Trans srade: Kwati trans srade a wɔde ayɛ. Eyinom ma mogya mu srade kɔ soro. Hwɛ nneɛma a wɔato, nnuan nketenkete, pizza a wɔahyɛ no nwini, margarine, ne nea ɛkeka ho a wɔakyerɛw so Sɛ wɔakyerɛw so sɛ "Partially hydrogenated" a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ trans srade wom.
- Srade pa (Srade a ɛnyɛ den): Eyinom mma srade dodow nkɔ soro. Saa srade pa yi wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nnuadewa, mpataa, nhabannuru mu ngo, ngodua ngo, ne avocado mu.
- Asikre: Asikre a wudi na wonom pii betumi ama wo triglyceride dodow akɔ soro.
- Fiber: Nnuan a fiber pii wom boa ma srade a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no so tew. Wobetumi ahu fiber wɔ atoko, nhabannuru, nnuaba, nnuaba, ne aburow a wɔayam mu.
Asetra kwan ne nneɛma afoforo
- Mu duru a ɛboro so: Sɛ obi mu duru boro so a, ebetumi ama obi anya komayare. Ɛma srade a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nso kɔ soro. Sɛ obi mu duru so tew a, ebetumi aboa ma LDL, srade a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa, ne triglyceride dodow so atew.
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa betumi ama LDL srade bɔne so atew na ama HDL srade pa akɔ soro. Fa yɛ wo botae sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wobɛteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu nnɔnhwerew 2 1/2, te sɛ nantew a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm dapɛn biara.
- Sigaretnom: Sigaretnom betumi ama mogya mu srade (triglyceride) dodow akɔ soro na ama HDL srade pa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no so atew.
- Mfe a obi adi ne awosu: Srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu no taa kɔ soro bere a yɛrenyin no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, srade a ɛdɔɔso betumi afi awosu mu.
- Ayaresa mu tebea afoforo ne nnuru: Srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu betumi akɔ soro esiane tebea horow te sɛ hypothyroidism, mmerɛbo mu yare, asaabo mu yare, ne nnuru bi te sɛ steroid nti.
Nnuru a ɛma mogya mu srade so tew
Sɛ asetra mu nsakrae nkutoo nnɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ wo srade a ɛwɔ wo mu no so a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nnuru akyerɛ wo. Ɔkwan a eye sen biara no begyina asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ ma wo komayare nyinaa so.
| Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma no fã | Dwumadi ne nhwɛso ahorow |
|---|---|
| Statin ahorow | Eyinom ne nnuru a wɔtaa de di dwuma sen biara. Wosiw srade a ɛwɔ mmerɛbo no mu no kwan. Sɛ nhwɛso no: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin. |
| Niacin a wɔde yɛ nnuru | Eyi yɛ vitamin B. Ɛtew LDL so na ɛma HDL kɔ soro. |
| Bile acid a wɔde hyɛ nneɛma mu | Ɛkyekyere bile a ɛwɔ aduan mu na esiw srade a ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu no ano. |
| Fibrates a wɔde yɛ nneɛma | Ɛboa titiriw ma triglyceride dodow so tew. |
| Nnuru a esiw srade a ɛtwetwe nipadua no ano | Ɛmma srade a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu no ntumi nkɔ nipadua no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no: Ezetimibe. |
Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wote ntini mu yaw a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu bere a worenom nnuru a ɛtew srade so a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara, efisɛ ebetumi ayɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Bio nso, nnipa binom betumi anya ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ nsakrae a ɛba mmerɛbo dwumadi mu, yafunu mu yaw, ne akisikuru. Afei nso, kwati sɛ wobɛnom grapefruit nsu bere a worenom aduru yi. Ebetumi aka sɛnea aduru no yɛ adwuma.
Nsɛnnennen a srade a ɛdɔɔso de ba
Sɛ srade kɔ soro a, ɛkɔto mogya ntini no afasu so, na ɛde nkakrankakra ma ntini no mu yɛ teateaa na ɛyɛ den. Yɛfrɛ tebea yi atherosclerosis . Sɛ ntini no mu teateaa wɔ saa kwan yi so a, mogya no siw kwan. Nipadua no afã horow a yɛn koma ka ho no nya mframa pa a wohia fi mogya no mu. Ɔhaw ahorow sɔre bere a wɔasiw mogya a ɛsen yi kwan no.
- Mogya mmoroso: Ɛsɛ sɛ koma no yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama mogya afa ntini a ayɛ teateaa mu.
- Koko mu yaw (Angina): Ɛba bere a koma ntini no nnya mogya ne mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso no.
- Koma mu yare ne akisikuru: Eyi betumi aba bere a srade asinasin bi mu paapae anaasɛ mogya a ɛtɔ, na esiw mogya ntini bi a ɛkɔ koma anaa amemene no mu koraa no.
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Ntini a ɛma mogya kɔ nan ne anan mu no siw.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ɛwom mpo sɛ srade srade dɔɔso de, nanso sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni ho. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa.
- Hwɛ wo srade dodow a "papa" (HDL) ne "bɔne" (LDL) no yiye. Ɛsɛ sɛ botae no yɛ sɛ wɔbɛtew LDL bɔne no so na wɔama HDL pa no akɔ soro.
- Aduan a ahoɔden wom (a srade ne asikre nnim, ahoɔdennuru pii) ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa ne anammɔn atitiriw a wɔfa so di srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu no so.
- Sɛ oduruyɛfo no kyerɛw nnuru ma a, fa sɛnea wɔakyerɛ no ne bere ano.
- Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka wo srade dodow, asiane ahorow, ne ayaresa nhyehyɛe ho asɛm pefee.
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