So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo ho fifiri dɔɔso a ntease biara nnim, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho fifiri sua wɔ mmeae bi? Anaasɛ wowɔ nneɛma nketenkete te sɛ wo nan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ wo ti a ɛyɛ wo yaw? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den ama oduruyɛfo sɛ obehu nea ɛde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba ntɛm ara. Wɔ mmere a ɛtete saa mu no, wobetumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi mfa nhwɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ ntini a ɛma yɛyɛ adwuma a yennim wɔ yɛn nipadua mu (ɔfã a ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ ahome ne fifiri so) no mu anaa. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte saa no mu biako a wɔfrɛ no QSART.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne QSART?
QSART gyina hɔ ma ‘Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test’. Bere a ebia edin no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den no, nokwarem no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ntini a ɛhwɛ wo fifiri so no reyɛ adwuma yiye. Yɛsan frɛ no ‘fifiri sɔhwɛ’.
Susuw ho hwɛ, fifiri ho hia yiye na ama yɛatumi ahwɛ yɛn nipadua mu hyew so. Yɛn ntini ahorow no fã titiriw bi na ɛhwɛ fifiri yi so. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, yɛde anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkanyan wo honam ani fã ketewaa bi di dwuma na yɛsusuw fifiri dodow a wo fifiri ntini ahorow no de ba de bua no. Sɛ yesusuw fifiri dodow a ɛba saa kwan yi so a, yebetumi anya ntini ahorow a ɛka ho no dwumadi ho adwene pa.
Wɔ tebea horow bɛn mu na oduruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ?
Saa QSART sɔhwɛ yi boa kɛse wɔ Autonomic Nervous System a ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua dwumadi ahorow a yennim so (sɛ nhwɛso no, koma a ɛbɔ, mogya mmoroso, fifiri, aduan a yedi) no mu nyarewa a wohu mu. Wɔde di dwuma nso de hu ntini mu yare a ɛwɔ nipadua no akyi, a ɛne nneɛma te sɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne ɛyaw tebea horow bi wɔ abusuabɔ.
Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi sɛ osusuw sɛ wowɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biako a:
- Autonomic neuropathy: Ntini a ɛsɛe yɛn nipadua no dwumadi ahorow a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa no.
- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): Ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ wɔ nsa anaa nan mu, mpɛn pii no wɔ akwanhyia akyi.
- Asikreyare a ɛde ntini mu yare: Ntini a ɛsɛe a asikreyare de ba.
- Multiple sclerosis: Yare a ɛsɛe ntini a ɛwɔ amemene ne akyi berɛmo mu.
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): Tebea a ɛma koma bɔ kɔ soro wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so bere a ogyina hɔ no.
- Sjögren yare no:Nyarewa a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛka ntini a ɛma nsu wɔ nipadua no mu (nusu, nnompe).
- Ntini nketenkete a ɛma ntini mu yare: Nsɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɛyaw ne akisikuru ba esiane ntini nketenkete a ɛwɔ honam ani ne akwaa ahorow a ɛsɛe nti.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma sɔhwɛ yi?
Ansa na wobɛyɛ QSART nhwehwɛmu no, wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa na wakyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu. Ɔbɛma wo akwankyerɛ titiriw bi nso a ɛsɛ sɛ wudi akyi na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ sɔhwɛ no mu aba a ɛyɛ nokware. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wudi akwankyerɛ ahorow yi akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Momma yɛnhwɛ pon a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha no na yɛnhwɛ sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛsiesie yɛn ho mpɛn pii.
| Nkyerɛkyerɛmu | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu ne Ntease |
|---|---|
| Nnuru bi | Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nnuru bi a wobɛnom da koro anaa nnanu a ebetumi aka nhwehwɛmu no aba. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo nea wɔyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nnyae nnuru biara a wobɛnom da a wunni kan mmisa wo duruyɛfo. |
| Nneɛma a wɔde tawa yɛ | Kwati sigaretnom ne tawa nneɛma afoforo a wode bedi dwuma anyɛ yiye koraa no nnɔnhwerew anan ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Eyinom betumi aka ntini ahorow no. |
| Ntade a wɔhyɛ | Hyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ fɛ da a wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Mfa sɔks a ɛyɛ den (compression stockings) nhyɛ da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no. |
| Nnuru a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu ne nnuru a wɔde yɛ cream | Anɔpa a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no, mfa aduru, aduru, anaa ngo biara nhyɛ wo nsa ne wo nan so. Eyinom betumi asiw mfiri a wɔde sɔ hwɛ no kwan sɛ ɛnka honam ani. |
| Aduan ne anonne | Akwankyerɛ titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfa eyi ho, na yɛbɛka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan soronko so wɔ ase hɔ. |
Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa adidi ne anonne ho ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no
| Nea Ɛsɛ sɛ Woyɛ | Bere a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma |
|---|---|
| Nnom biribiara a nsa wom. | Efi nnɔnhwerew 12 ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. |
| Mma nnom biribiara a caffeine wom (tii, kɔfe, chocolate, anonne a ɛyɛ dɛ bi). | Efi nnɔnhwerew 8 ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. |
| Di aduan a emu nyɛ duru (e.g. aburow bi, paanoo a wɔayam) . | Nnɔnhwerew 3 ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. |
| Kwati sɛ wobɛnom biribiara (nsu mpo). | Efi nnɔnhwerew 3 ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. |
| Nom nsu pii na kɔ so nya nsu pii. | Da a edi sɔhwɛ no anim . |
Nnuru bɛn na ebia ebehia sɛ wogyae ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no?
Nea ɛho hia sen biara: Nnyae nnuru biara a wobɛnom kosi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo. Nnuru bi betumi de ɔhaw afoforo aba sɛ wugyae nom a. Enti, ka nnuru a worenom nyinaa (a vitamin ne nhabannuru ka ho) kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo . Ɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wugyae bi nom ne ntɛm ara.
Nnuru bi a ɛtaa ka QSART aba no wɔ ase ha. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae eyinom bi a wobɛnom nnɔnhwerew 48 ansa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu no.
- Nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw
- Nnuru a wɔde kum adwenemhaw
- Antihistamines (nnuru a wɔde sa akisikuru) .
- Nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa
- Aspirin a wɔde di dwuma
- Mogya mmoroso nnuru
- Nnuru a ɛma nsu fi nipadua mu
- Atiridii anaa ɔfe nnuru a wɔtɔn a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu
Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛba bere a yɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no.
Sɛ wudi kan hu sɛnea wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no a, ebetumi aboa ma dadwen so atew. Ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye.
1. Ahosiesie: Nea edi kan no, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yi wo mpaboa ne wo sɔks. Afei, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ tena sɔhwɛ pon so anaa da.
2. Wo honam ani a wobɛhohoro: Nea ɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no bɛhohoro honam ani hwɛbea a atwa wo nan, wo nan, ne wo nsateaa ho ahyia no ho yiye na wayow.
3. Ɛlektrɔnik no a wode bɛbata ho: Afei, wɔde plastic nketenkete anan a wɔfrɛ no electrode bata wo honam ani. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde abiɛsa bata wo nan ho na biako bata wo nsateaa ho.
4. Aduru soronko bi a wɔde gu so: Afei, wɔde aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no `acetylcholine` gu honam ani baabi a electrode ahorow no wɔ no. `acetylcholine` yɛ nnuru (neurotransmitter) a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu fi awosu mu na ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ ntini ahorow ntam. Ɛha yi, wɔde kanyan wo fifiri ntini ahorow.
5. Sɔhwɛ no a wobɛhyɛ aseɛ: Seesei wɔadan QSART afiri no. Afei anyinam ahoɔden ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ ketewaa bi fa electrode ahorow no mu kɔ wo honam ani. Eyi nyɛ nsu a ɛsen kɛse, enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro.
6. Fifiri susuw: Saa anyinam ahoɔden yi ne `acetylcholine` aduru no ma wo fifiri ntini no fi ase yɛ fifiri. Afiri no susuw fifiri dodow a ɛba.
7. Tia mu: Ɔsraani panyin no betumi ayi electrode ahorow no na ɔde abata nipadua no afã afoforo ho, na wasan ayɛ saa.
Bere tenten ahe na sɔhwɛ yi gye? So ɛyɛ yaw?
Sɔhwɛ no nyinaa taa gye bɛyɛ simma 45 kosi dɔnhwerew biako .
Eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ yaw. Nanso, ebia nnipa binom bɛte nka sɛ wɔn ho nyɛ wɔn dɛ kakra. Sɛ anyinam ahoɔden ketewaa no fa honam ani a, ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ mmerɛw ketewaa bi, anaasɛ ɛyɛ hyew kakra, te sɛ ade ketewaa bi a wɔde akuturuku . Eyi gu ahorow wɔ onipa biara mu. Nanso, ɛnyɛ ɛyaw a wontumi nnyina ano. Sɛ wote ɛyaw kɛse nka a, ka kyerɛ onipa a ɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no ntɛm ara.
Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi? Bere bɛn na wobenya nea ebefi mu aba?
Sɛ sɔhwɛ no ba awiei a, ɔsraani panyin no beyi electrode ahorow no afi wo honam ani. Ɛno akyi no, wubetumi asan ahyɛ wo sɔks ne wo mpaboa bio na woatra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ.
Ebia wubehu sɛ honam ani baabi a wɔde electrode ahorow no guu hɔ no ayɛ kɔkɔɔ kakra anaasɛ ne kɔla asakra. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata na ɛbɛyera koraa wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu.
Wɔde nsɛm a wobenya afi sɔhwɛ no mu no bɛkɔ akɔma oduruyɛfo a ɔde wo kɔɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no. Ɔne wo bedi nkitaho wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a nea ebefi mu aba no aba no.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛbɛte QSART aba no ase?
Wo duruyɛfo no bɛhwehwɛ nea ebefi mu aba no mu na wakyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo. Sɛ yɛhwɛ nea afi mu aba yi a, nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ:
- Onset latency: Bere tenten ahe na egyee ansa na fifiri bae wɔ nea ɛkanyan no no akyi?
- Fifiri a ɛba sen biara: Bere bɛn na fifiri dodow a ɛsen biara na ɛba?
- Fifiri dodow nyinaa: Fifiri dodow ahe na ɛbae wɔ sɔhwɛ bere no nyinaa mu?
Saa nsunsuansoɔ yi betumi ayɛ ‘Normal’ anaa ‘Abnormal’.
Dɛn ne nea efi mu ba a ɛfata?
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ‘Normal’ (ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘negative result’) a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ dodow ne bere tenten a wo fifiri bɛba no wɔ dodow a wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wo mfe ne wo bɔbeasu ho. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɔhwɛ no nkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw kɛse bi wɔ ntini ahorow a ɛhwɛ fifiri so no dwumadi mu.
Dɛn ne nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so / Positive?
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ‘Positive’ anaasɛ ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɔhwɛ no mu gyinapɛn ahorow no yɛ soronko wɔ nea wɔhwɛ kwan no ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia ebegye bere tenten ansa na fifiri afi ase, anaasɛ fifiri dodow a ɛba no betumi ayɛ kakraa bi dodo anaasɛ ɛboro so.
Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia biribi resiw wo autonomic nervous system no dwumadi kwan.
Adeɛ a ɛho hia sɛ yɛte aseɛ wɔ ha ne sɛ, QSART nhwehwɛmu aba a ‘ɛyɛ papa’ no nkyerɛ tẽẽ sɛ wowɔ yareɛ bi. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ wo autonomic nervous system no mu na nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia. Ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛkyerɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no benya kwan ahu wo tebea no. Afei obetumi asi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo anaasɛ obefi ayaresa a ɛfata wo ase.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- QSART yɛ sɔhwɛ a ahobammɔ wom na ɛnyɛ yaw a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ntini ahorow a ɛhwɛ wo fifiri so no dwumadi.
- Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woanya nea efi mu ba no pɛpɛɛpɛ no, ɛho hia sɛ wodi aduan, nnuru, ne akwankyerɛ afoforo a oduruyɛfo no de ama ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Ka nnuru a worenom nyinaa ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Kwati sɛ wubegyae nnuru biara a wunni wo duruyɛfo afotu.
- Mpɛn pii no, ɔhaw a wɔte nka bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no yɛ akisikuru anaasɛ ɔhyew a ɛnyɛ den. Ɛnyɛ ɛyaw a wontumi nnyina ano.
- Nhwehwɛmu a efi mu ba a ‘ɛyɛ papa’ (a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so) nyɛ nea wɔahu. Ɛyɛ nsɛm a ɛho hia ara kwa a ɛboa wo duruyɛfo ma ɔhwehwɛ wo tebea no mu kɔ akyiri.
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