So wote nka sɛ woyare bere nyinaa, bere mpo a wunni honam fam yare biara? Momma yɛnka saa (Somatic Symptom Disorder) yi ho asɛm!

So woate nka pɛn sɛ ɛwom sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na ɔka sɛ wunni yare a emu yɛ den biara de, nanso woda so ara te nka sɛ woyare kɛse na woda so ara nya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow mmiako mmiako? Anaasɛ wote adesoa kɛse ne dadwen nka bere mpo a wowɔ yare ketewaa bi? So saa nneɛma yi mma wuntumi nyɛ wo da biara da nnwuma yiye? Sɛ saa a, asɛmti a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia wo paa.

Dɛn ne ``Somatic Symptom Disorder''?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Somatic Symptom Disorder - SSD)` yɛ adwene mu tebea a ɛma wuhu amane dodo na wohaw wo ho wɔ biribi ho, sɛ mpo ɛnyɛ honam fam yare ankasa, anaasɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, biribi ketewaa bi ho a. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ wo dadwen ne ehu ma honam fam sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow da adi, anaasɛ ɛma sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no yɛ kɛse. Eyi betumi asɛe wo da biara da asetra na ama anigye a wunya wɔ asetra mu no so atew.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, saa nkurɔfo yi nyɛ ade. Wɔrehyia saa ɛyaw no, saa ahometew no ankasa. Nanso nea enti a ɛte saa no fa adwene no dwumadi ho kɛse sen yare a emu yɛ den bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu. Saa nkurɔfo yi kɔ nnuruyɛfo nkyɛn bere nyinaa, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu, nanso wonnya asomdwoe.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ `(Somatic Symptom Disorder)` ne `(Illness Anxiety Disorder)` ntam?

Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ ebia eyi ne `(Illness Anxiety Disorder)` yɛ pɛ anaa. Ɛsono abien no kakra. Obi a ɔwɔ `(Illness Anxiety Disorder)` taa nnya nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw, nanso osusuw bere nyinaa sɛ obenya yare bi a emu yɛ den, anaasɛ osuro kɛse sɛ ɔwɔ yare bi dedaw, na ɛno ne nea wosusuw ho. Nanso wɔ `(Somatic Symptom Disorder) mu no, wɔte nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no nka ankasa, na ɛno ne nea ɛhaw wɔn na wɔhaw wɔn kɛse.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ `(Nsakrae mu ɔhaw)` ne `(Somatic Symptom Disorder)` ntam?

Saa ara na ɛte wɔ `(Nsakrae Yare - Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)` ho. Wɔ eyi mu no, esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ ntini ahorow no dwumadi mu (nanso ɛnyɛ nipadua mu ɔsɛe a ɛba ntini ahorow no so nti) nti, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ nea wontumi nnantew, wontumi nkasa, ne aniwa a wontumi nhu ade yiye ba. Nanso, wɔ `(Conversion Disorder)` mu no, dadwen ne ahoyeraw a ɛboro so wɔ nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛsɔre no ho nyɛ ade titiriw. Nanso, wɔ `(Somatic Symptom Disorder)` mu no, ade titiriw ne nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne adwennwen a ɛba esiane ɛno nti no ho dadwen dodo.

Henanom na saa tebea yi ka wɔn? Ɛtaa ba dɛn?

Saa ``(Somatic Symptom Disorder)`` tebea yi betumi aka mmofra, mmerante ne mmabaa, ne mpanyimfo. Mpɛn pii no, tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase da adi ansa na wadi mfe 30. Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ mmea taa hu saa tebea yi bɛyɛ mpɛn du sen mmarima.

Eyi nyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi saa. Nnuruyɛfo ka sɛ ebia nnipa a wɔanyinyin no mu 5% kosi 7% na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi.

Dɛn ne nsɛnkyerɛnne ne nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ `(Somatic Symptom Disorder)`?

Obi a ɔwɔ saa tebea yi betumi anya nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba ne:

• Nipadua mu yaw (eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔtaa bɔ ho amanneɛ). Ebetumi ayɛ biribiara fi tiyɛ, yafunu mu yaw, kosi nkwaa mu yaw so.
• Ɔbrɛ, nkate a ɛma obi te nka sɛ nkwa nnim.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Dyspnea'', a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho atɔ wo anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome).

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ nea emu nyɛ den, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den. Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biako anaa nea ɛboro saa bɛba. Ebia aduruyɛ mu ntease bi wɔ hɔ a enti ɛte saa, anaasɛ ntease biara nni hɔ a ɛda adi pefee.

Nanso, wɔ nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne yi akyi no, ``Somatic Symptom Disorder`` su titiriw ne ɔkwan a saa nkurɔfo yi fa so susuw nneɛma ho, wɔyɛ wɔn ade, na wɔte nka wɔ ho mmuaema mu. Ɛyɛ:

• Wosuro dodo na wɔhaw wɔn ho wɔ wɔn nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho.
• Wosusuw sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ketewaa bi mpo yɛ yare a edi awu ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wo yafunu mu yɛ wo yaw kakra a, wobɛhaw wo ho nna pii, na woasusuw sɛ, ‘Oo, minnim sɛ ebia manya kokoram mpo.’
• Wɔkɔ nnuruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu, nanso sɛ nea efi mu ba no san ba a, wonnye nni. Wosusuw sɛ, "Oduruyɛfo no ntumi nhu me yare no."
• Mete nka sɛ oduruyɛfo no nnwen me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho ankasa.
• Sɛ wodan fi oduruyɛfo biako so kɔ foforo so, anaasɛ wonya nnuru fi nnuruyɛfo pii hɔ bere koro mu (wɔsan frɛ eyi `oduruyɛfo aguadi`).
• Wɔde bere ne mmɔdenbɔ pii susuw wɔn akwahosan ho haw ahorow ho na wɔhwehwɛ ano aduru.
• Ɛte sɛ nea bere nyinaa meyɛ obi a ɔte nka kɛse wɔ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ho nsunsuanso bɔne ho. Meka bere nyinaa sɛ, ‘Oo, oduruyɛfo, bere a menom saa aduru no akyi no, eyi too me, eyi too me.’
• Wofi ase de wɔn ho to afoforo so. Wɔsrɛ mmoa, nkate fam mmoa. Sɛ wɔanni wɔn ahiade ho dwuma a, wɔn bo fuw.
• Nsusuwii, nkate, ne nneyɛe a ɛfa wɔn nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho no mma wontumi nyɛ da biara da nnwuma yiye.

Nea ɛho hia no, nnipa a wɔwɔ Somatic Symptom Disorder no mu 30% kosi 60% nso betumi anya adwenemyare a ɛba bere koro mu te sɛ dadwen ne/anaasɛ adwenemhaw.

Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Dɛn nti na eyi ba? Nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de aba. Eyinom bi ne awosu mu nkɛntɛnso, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia, ne adwene mu nneɛma. Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ba a wɔahu no bi ne:

• Honam fam anaa nna mu ayayade wɔ mmofraase. Saa nneɛma yi betumi de nkate mu ahodwiriw aba.
• Obi a ontumi nte ne nkate ase yiye na ɔhwɛ so yiye wɔ ne mmofraase. Ɛtɔ da bi a eyi betumi afi nneɛma te sɛ `Awofo Anibiannaso` anaa `Nkate mu Bɛn a Wɔnnyɛ`, a ɛyɛ ɔdɔ, adwene, anaa nkate mu bɛn a wonni mfi awofo hɔ.
• Nsakrae a ɛbɛba wo nipadua ne wo nipadua mu nneɛma mu ho a wobɛhaw wo ho dodo, a wususuw ho bere nyinaa sɛ ebia wobɛyare anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu eyi?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfoɔ nkyɛn a, ɔbɛdi kan ahwɛ wo (`Physical Exam`), na ɔbɛtumi nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, nsuo mu nhwehwɛmu, ne nea ɛkeka ho (`Laboratory Tests`). Wɔyɛ eyi de hwɛ sɛ honam fam ade foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a worehyia no ba anaa. Ɔsan nso bebisa wo nyarewa a atwam no ho asɛm (`Akwahosan Abakɔsɛm`).

Wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi akyi no, sɛ wohu sɛ wunni nipadua mu yare a emu yɛ den, anaasɛ wontumi nhu aduruyɛ mu ade biara a ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den a, wo duruyɛfo betumi de wo akɔma adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo , te sɛ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ho ɔbenfo .

Adwene mu akwahosan ho ɔfotufoɔ bɛgyina gyinapɛn pɔtee bi so ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Somatic Symptom Disorder`` anaa. Sɛ obi betumi ahu eyi a, ɛsɛ sɛ:

1. Ɛsɛ sɛ wunya nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛhaw wo da biara da asetra na anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛma wohaw asram asia .

2. Afei nso, ɛsɛ sɛ nsusuwii, nkate, anaa nneyɛe a ɛboro so wɔ hɔ de bua saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no. Ɛne sɛ, anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ nea edidi so yi mu biako ba hɔ:

• Sɛnea nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den ho adwene a ɛboro so na ɛkyɛ.
• Akwahosan anaa nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dadwen a ɛkɔ soro bere nyinaa.
• Bere ne ahoɔden pii a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ne akwahosan ho haw ahorow ho.

Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ saa ``Somatic Symptom Disorder'' yi fam no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobegye atom sɛ wɔn dadwen ne ehu "dɔɔso dodo."

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa eyi?

Yiw, koraa. Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ayaresa mu ne sɛ wobedi nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so bere a wɔsa adwene mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no nso. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kasa mu ayaresa (adwene mu ayaresa) ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuru a wɔde sa dadwen ne adwenemhaw a ɛde ba no .

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) yɛ adwene mu ayaresa a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Ɛboa nkurɔfo ma wɔsakra wɔn nsusuwii ne wɔn nneyɛe, na ɛnam so sesa sɛnea wɔte nka. Wɔ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo akwankyerɛ ase no, CBT betumi aboa nkurɔfo ma wɔadi dadwen ne adwennwen ho dwuma na wɔagyina tebea horow ano yiye.

Sɛ wowɔ `(Somatic Symptom Disorder) a, `(CBT)` betumi aboa wɔ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Hwɛ wo nkate ne wo gyidi ahorow wɔ wo nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’akwahosan nyinaa ho.
• Hwehwɛ akwan a wobɛfa so atew adwennwen ne dadwen a ɛfa wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho no so.
• Gyae wo nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wode wo ho bɛhyɛ mu denneennen.
• Hu nneɛma a ɛma wo nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ kɛse.
• Sɛ wowɔ ɛyaw anaa sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo mpo a, hwehwɛ akwan a wobɛfa so ayɛ nnam na wo ne afoforo abɔ.
• Yɛ wo da biara da nnwuma yiye.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo nnuru te sɛ nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw . Wɔ adwene a ɛma obi nya nkɔso akyi no, wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ eyinom boa ma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɛyaw, ɔbrɛ, nkwaa mu yaw, ne nna a wontumi nna no fi hɔ.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛde tebea yi ba?

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow akyerɛ asiane ahorow pii a ɛma tebea yi nya nkɔso. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Nipadua mu nkate horow a wɔde wɔn adwene si so dodo.
• Nnubɔne a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho Ɔhaw.
• Nsa a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho Ɔhaw.
• Anibiannaso a wobu wɔn ani gu so wɔ mmofraase.
• Honam fam ne nna mu ayayade a wɔbɛyɛ.
• Asetra kwan a basabasayɛ wom/Trauma.
• Nyarewa a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a wohu amane wɔ mmofraase (`Chronic illness during childhood`).
• Adwene mu akwahosan tebea afoforo a wubenya, titiriw dadwen anaa adwenemhaw.
• Sɛ́ obi wɔ nipasu mu ɔhaw ahorow bi, sɛ nhwɛso no, Avoidant Personality Disorder, Paranoid Personality Disorder, ne Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder.

Adwene mu ayaresa betumi aboa nnipa a wɔwɔ SSD ma wɔasua akwan foforo a wɔbɛfa so adi adwennwen ne nneɛma a ɛkanyan adwene a ɛma sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no yɛ kɛse no ho dwuma. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔn sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a emu yɛ den no so atew.

Dɛn ne nkɔmhyɛ a ɛfa tebea yi ho?

Ɛda adi sɛ Somatic Symptom Disorder yɛ tebea a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (a enni sabea). Ɛne sɛ, ebetumi ayɛ tebea a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba na ɛkɔ, a mmere bi a ɛma yare no fi hɔ, na ɛkɔ so fi asram kakraa bi kosi mfe pii.

Sɛ wɔansa a, Somatic Symptom Disorder betumi de nea edidi so yi aba:

• Da biara da dwumadi ahorow a anohyeto wom.
• Adwuma a wontumi nnya anaasɛ adwumayɛ mu mmɔdenbɔ a ɛso tew.
• Adwene mu Mmofra a Wɔadi M dɛm.
• Asetra pa a ɛso tew.
• Nsa ne nnubɔne a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so.

Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ, sɛ wɔsa nnipa pii yare a, wobetumi anya ayaresa anaasɛ wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so atew kɛse. Enti ɛho hia sɛ yɛkɔ so nya anidaso.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ Somatic Symptom Disorder a, anammɔn yi a wubedi akyi no bɛboa ma w’ayaresa ne wo ho atɔ wo:

• Fa wo ne w’akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo titiriw, oduruyɛfo a wokɔ ne nkyɛn daa no nya abusuabɔ pa, a wɔbom yɛ adwuma, na ahotoso wom.
• Fa oduruyɛfo titiriw koro no ara sie. Eyi betumi aboa wo ma woakwati nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa a ɛho nhia.
• Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na hwɛ sɛnea woregyina wo nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano.
• Hwɛ w’adwene mu akwahosan ho ɔbenfo (adwene ho ɔbenfo anaa ɔfotufo) daa na wahwɛ w’adwene mu akwahosan ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ dadwen ne ehu a ɛboro so no so na wahwɛ so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ eyi ho?

Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkɔ w’akwahosan ho ɔyaresafoɔ titire ne/anaasɛ adwenemyareɛ ho ɔbenfoɔ nkyɛn sɛ wowɔ yeinom mu bi a:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo wɔ wo nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho araa ma wuntumi nyɛ ho hwee, anaasɛ ɛhaw wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a.
• Sɛ wowɔ dadwen anaa adwenemhaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne (wote awerɛhow nka bere nyinaa, w’ani nnye biribiara ho, wo nna mu haw, wuntumi nnidi, ne nea ɛkeka ho).

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) yɛ adwenemyare. Te sɛ adwenemyare nyinaa no, mmoa a wobɛhwehwɛ bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi ara pɛ no betumi aboa ma w’asetra mu ɔhaw no so atew. Adwene mu akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo betumi de ayaresa nhyehyɛe ama wo de aboa wo ma woadi wo nsusuwii ne wo nneyɛe ho dwuma.

Enti, dɛn na yɛde kɔ fie fi saa asɛm yi mu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``Somatic Symptom Disorder'' yɛ tebea a ɛma wohaw wo ho dodo na wohaw wo ho wɔ nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho, sɛ mpo yare kɛse biara nni wo nipadua mu a. Eyi nyɛ biribi a wususuw ho, ɛyɛ biribi a wote nka ankasa. Nea enti a ɛte saa no ne adwene no wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse sen nipadua no.

• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ honam fam sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ka ho no, worehyia ehu ne dadwen a ɛtra so wɔ ho, a ɛrehaw wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a, nfɛre anaasɛ nsuro sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo anaa adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo nkyɛn .
• Sɛ wɔde ayaresa a ɛfata (titiriw adwene mu ayaresa te sɛ CBT ne, sɛ ɛho hia a, nnuru) ne mmoa a, wobetumi adi tebea yi ho dwuma yiye.
• Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, nnipa afoforo nso ahyia saa nneɛma yi. Ade a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa na woahwehwɛ ayaresa. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi afa so anya ahotɔ.

` Somatic symptom disorder, nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne, adwenemyare, dadwen, adwenemhaw, CBT, adwene mu ayaresa