Owu a Ɛmma Nnipa Nkɔ So Mpofirim (SAD) .

So woate sɛ obi a na ɔyɛ abofra na ɔwɔ apɔwmuden wu mpofirim pɛn? So woasusuw sɛnea ebetumi aba saa no ho pɛn? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi afi tebea bi a yɛbɛka ho asɛm nnɛ a wɔfrɛ no Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) . Eyi yɛ ade a anibere wom yiye, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohu.

Dɛn ne Koma a Owu Mpofirim (SADS)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ komayare. Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ biribi a wunya fi awo mu , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobetumi de afi awo ntoatoaso so akɔ awo ntoatoaso so. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ wo koma mu no ho. Susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn koma yɛ adwuma te sɛ generator ketewaa bi. Ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛma koma no bɔ yiye. Enti, sɛ ɔhaw bi ba nhyehyɛe yi mu a, koma no nnyigyei bɛyɛ nea ɛnteɛ . Sɛ wɔanni eyi ho dwuma yiye a, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wuhyia owu mpofirim mpo. Ɛno nti na ɛyɛ hu no.

Dɛn ne SADS ahorow atitiriw?

SADS ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Wɔn mu biara wɔ nsonsonoe kakra. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw no bi:

• Brugada syndrome: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛma koma no fã a ɛwɔ fam a wɔfrɛ no atria no nya koma no bɔ ntɛmntɛm a ɛnyɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia).
• Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT): Eyi nso yɛ tebea a ɛma koma no mu nkwammoaa bɔ ntɛmntɛm na ɛnyɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa. Saa tebea yi betumi aba titiriw bere a wɔreyɛ nipadua mu mmɔdenbɔ anaa adwene mu nhyɛso no.
• Long QT syndrome (LQTS): Eyi ne bere a wo koma ntini no gye bere tenten ansa na asiesie ne ho ama nea edi hɔ a ɛbɛbɔ, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛsan de ahoɔden (repolarize anaa recharge). Ɛte sɛ batere a egye bere tenten ansa na ɛrebɔ. Sɛ wohwɛ EKG a, wɔfrɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda Q ne T asorɔkye no ntam no QT ntamgyinafo. Sɛ saa bere yi ware dodo a, koma nkwammoaa no betumi afi ase abɔ ntɛmntɛm dodo (ventricular tachycardia) anaasɛ ɛnyɛ daa dodo (ventricular fibrillation).
• Short QT syndrome (SQTS): Eyi ne QT tenten bɔ abira. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ koma mu nkwammoaa no gye bere kakraa bi dodo na ama wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama ɔbɔ a edi hɔ no. Eyi betumi ama koma no atifi adan (atrial fibrillation) abɔ ntɛmntɛm, anaasɛ ase adan (ventricular tachycardia) abɔ ntɛmntɛm, anaasɛ awosow ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so (ventricular fibrillation).
• Timothy syndrome: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Ɛsan nso yɛ QT yare a ɛware no bi.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare (WPW):Eyi ne bere a wɔyɛ ɔkwan foforo a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so ma anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne fa atifi adan (atria) ne ase adan (mitra) ntam. Eyi ka ɔkwan a ɛfata a ebetumi ama koma no abɔ ntɛmntɛm dodo (tachycardia) no ho.

SADS tebea horow yi abu so dɛn?

Eyinom ntaa mma, nanso ɛnyɛ nea enni hɔ nso. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobu akontaa sɛ long QT syndrome (LQTS) a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no ka mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo bɛyɛ 2,000 biara mu biako. Brugada yareɛ no ntaa mma mpo, ɛka nnipa dodoɔ a ɛnnu 1%. Tebea a wɔfrɛ no CPVT no ka bɛyɛ mpem du biara mu biako.

Nanso, ne nyinaa mu no, nnipa bɛyɛ 200,000 na komayare mpofirim (SCA) wuwu afe biara wɔ United States nkutoo. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ nso sɛ mmofra ne mpanyimfo nkumaa bɛyɛ 4,000 na SADS tebea horow yi wuwu afe biara. Enti, ɛno nyɛ ade ketewaa bi, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne SADS ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛwom sɛ SADS ahorow pii wɔ hɔ de, nanso sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛtaa ba. Nanso, ebia nnipa binom renhu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba:

• Ebia wobɛtotɔ piti anaasɛ wobɛma wo ho ayɛ wo hyew bere a woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, anaasɛ bere a w’ani agye kɛse anaasɛ ehu aka wo no.
• Ebia koko mu yaw bɛba bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ no.
• Ebia wobɛte ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa bere a woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ no.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛbata SADS ahorow biara ho.

Brugada yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow

Ɛwom sɛ nnipa dodow no ara nni yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne de, nanso ebinom betumi ahu:

• Koma betumi agyae, titiriw bere a obi ada no.
• Nnipa a wɔtotɔ piti.
• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho popo.
• Ɔhome a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) .

Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ kosi sɛ komayare bɛba, nanso ebia nnipa binom bɛte nka sɛ wɔatotɔ piti bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ no.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) .

Nnipa a wɔwɔ LQTS no mu bɛyɛ fã nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nanso nnipa binom:

• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no Torsades de Pointes betumi ama obi anya komayare.
• Nnipa a wɔtotɔ piti.
• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho popo.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛfa Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) Ho .

Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi mu bɛyɛ 40% nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nanso afoforo:

• Nneɛma a ɛbɔ denneennen .
• Nnipa a wɔtotɔ piti.
• Koma mu yare.

Timothy yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow

Nneɛma a yebetumi ahu wɔ eyi mu ne:

• Nnipa a wɔtotɔ piti.
• Koma mu yare.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsateaa a wɔde nhama ayɛ ne/anaasɛ nansoaa wɔ hɔ.
• Nkɔso ho nsɛm.

Wolff-Parkinson-White yare (WPW) ho sɛnkyerɛnne .

WPW ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi ne:

• Nneɛma a ɛbɔ denneennen.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew (tiyɛ a ɛyɛ hare).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Nnipa a wɔtotɔ piti.
• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho popo.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

Dɛn na ɛde SADS ba?

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ aberante bi wu mpofirim, na ɛte sɛ nea ne koma nhyehyɛe te sɛ nea ɛfata bere a wɔhwehwɛ mu a, nnuruyɛfo susuw sɛ na wɔn koma bɔ ntɛmntɛm a wonhu, koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnkɔ so daa. SADS tebea horow a ɛde saa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛnyɛ den yi a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no taa fi ɔwofo hɔ kɔ abofra hɔ . Ɛne sɛ, wofi awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ wɔde tebea horow yi bɛkɔ mmofra so no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina awosu mu abɔde a ɛka ho ne koma no fã a ɛka no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu SADS?

Sɛ aberante bi wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no, na sɛ obi a ɔwɔ wɔn abusua mu awu mpofirim a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu ansa na wadi mfe 40 a, oduruyɛfo betumi asusuw sɛ SADS. Akwan a wɔfa so hu yare no gu ahorow a egyina SADS ko a obi wɔ so.

Akwan a wɔfa so hwehwɛ yare a wɔde di dwuma titiriw:

• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Eyi sɔ sɛnea koma no mu anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma hwɛ.
• Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi sɔ awosu mu nsakrae a ɛbata SADS ho hwɛ.
• Treadmill stress test: Eyi sɔ sɛnea koma no yɛ n’ade wɔ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho hwɛ.
• Catecholamine provocation test: Wɔde aduru titiriw bi ma na wɔhwɛ sɛnea koma no yɛ n’ade.
• Holter monitor: Afiri a ɛkɔ so kyerɛw koma no bɔ bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 24.
• Echocardiogram: Eyi yɛ ultrasound scan a ɛhwɛ sɛnea koma no yɛ ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Fetal ultrasound: Wobetumi ayɛ eyi bere a akokoaa no da so ara wɔ awotwaa mu.
• Cardiac catheterization diagnostic test: Sɔhwɛ a wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa bi hyɛ koma no mu.
• Electrophysiologic nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu no, wɔde nhama pa kɔ koma no mu de hwehwɛ koma no anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe mu kɔ akyiri.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa SADS?

Ayaresa ahorow no gu ahorow gyina SADS ko a wowɔ so, enti ɛho hia sɛ wuhu ko a wowɔ no ankasa.

Brugada yare no ayaresa

• Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD): Eyi yɛ afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde si honam ani. Sɛ koma no bɔ ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so a, ɛde anyinam ahoɔden ketewaa bi ma na ama koma no bɔ bio.
• Nnuru te sɛ Quinidine .
• Kwati sɛ wode nnuru a esiw sodium kwan a ɛkɔ koma no mu ano bedi dwuma.

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) Ayaresa a Wɔde Ma

• Wɔma saa nkurɔfo yi nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no beta-blockers .
• Sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔde ICD bɛhyɛ nipadua no mu.

QT Syndrome Tenten (LQTS) Ayaresa a Wɔde Ma

Wobetumi de nneɛma te sɛ nnuru anaa oprehyɛn ayɛ eyi:

• Beta-blockers a wɔde siw ano.
• ICD bi a wɔde .
• Left cardiac sympathetic denervation: Eyi yɛ oprehyɛn a ɛnyɛ den pii a ɛtwa autonomic ntini a ɛkɔ koma no mu no bi na eyi fi hɔ.
• Kwati sɛ wode nnuru bi a ɛma QT ntam kwan kyɛ wɔ wo EKG so bedi dwuma.

QT Syndrome Tiatiaa (SQTS) Ayaresa

Aduru ne afiri bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde yɛ eyi:

• ICD bi a wɔde .
• Quinidine a wɔde ma.

Timothy syndrome ayaresa

Eyi nso de nnuru ne mfiri bi di dwuma:

• Beta-blockers a wɔde siw ano.
• ICD bi a wɔde .
• Kwati sɛ wode nnuru a ɛma QT ntam kwan kyɛ wɔ wo EKG so bedi dwuma.

Wolff-Parkinson-White yare (WPW) ayaresa

Nnuru betumi aboa ma wɔasiw WPW ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano. Adeyɛ bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no ablation therapy . Eyi sɛe anyinam ahoɔden kwan a ɛboro so no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi asa WPW koraa. Nnuruyɛfo nso kyerɛw nnuru a wɔfrɛ no antiarrhythmics na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ koma no bɛbɔ a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no so atew.

So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ saa ayaresa ahorow yi mu?

Yiw, ayaresa ahorow bi betumi de ɔhaw nketenkete aba.

• Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama nnipa binom sɛ wobegye beta-blockers a wɔn duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wɔn no atom.
• Ɛno akyi no, benkum koma mu tema denervation oprehyɛn:
• Fifiri a ɛyɛ soronko.
• Nsa a ɛyɛ nwunu.
• Nsakrae a ɛba ɔhyew anaa kɔla mu wɔ anim mmeae bi.
• Nanso oprehyɛn yi betumi ama asetra atu mpɔn kɛse.
• Esiane sɛ ICD afiri no de anyinam ahoɔden ma na ama koma no asan ayɛ adwuma nti, ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra. Nso:
• Ebia ɔyare mmoawa bɛba.
• Ebia mfiri no rentumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so? So wobetumi asiw SADS ano?

Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ SADS a, ɛsɛ sɛ abusua no mufo afoforo yɛ CPR.Sɛ wunim sɛnea wɔyɛ, na sɛ wowɔ Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) wɔ fie a, ebetumi ayɛ awerɛkyekye kɛse ama obi a ɔwɔ SADS. Efisɛ ɛyɛ anigye sɛ wubehu sɛ obi wɔ hɔ a ɔbɛboa wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu.

Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsiw SADS ano koraa de, nanso sɛ wohu sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a, ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu hwɛ sɛ wɔn nso wɔ awosu mu nsakrae no anaa. Wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo akasa de asi nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no nhwehwɛmu no ho gyinae. Sɛ wohu sɛ obi anya yare no wie a, wobetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi de abɔ ne ho ban, sɛ́ wɔde nnuru anaa ayaresa afoforo bɛyɛ.

Dɛn na daakye bɛyɛ ama obi a ɔwɔ SADS?

Egyina SADS ko a wowɔ, sɛnea wohu no ntɛm, ne sɛnea wofi ase sa yare no ntɛmntɛm so ankasa. Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛkɔ so wɔ nkwa nna nyinaa mu , na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi akum obi .

Nanso, nnipa a wɔwɔ Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) no adwene ye sen biara efisɛ aduru a wɔde yi nipadua no fi nipadua mu no betumi asiesie ɔhaw no. Nnipa a wɔsa wɔn QT syndrome a ɛware (LQTS) no asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobewuwu mpofirim no sua koraa. Nanso, nnipa pii a wobetumi anya mfaso afi benkum so ahurututu a woyi fi nipadua no mu no nyɛ saa. Nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi pɛ na wɔayɛ wɔ tebea horow te sɛ short QT syndrome (SQTS) , efisɛ ayarefo kakraa bi pɛ (bɛyɛ 200) na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi.

Enti, nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia na ama wɔahu ayaresa a eye sen biara ama obiara a ɔwɔ SADS.

ICD a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu no betumi asiw koma no wu mpofirim efisɛ ɛsa koma a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so. Ɛwom sɛ ɛnsa yare no de, nanso ɛyɛ ɔkwan a etu mpɔn a wɔfa so tew owu a efi tebea horow yi mu ba no so.

Sɛ wowɔ SADS a, wobɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ wo ho?

• Sɛ wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw nnuru ama wo a, fa no sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na da koro mpo nmpa. Saa ara na ɛte wɔ abofra a ɔwɔ SADS ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn wɔn nnuru no bere ano, na ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wobehuw dodow biako pɛ.
• Bisa wo duruyɛfo anaa nnuruyɛfo bere nyinaa ansa na woafi ase anom aduru foforo. Nnuru pii, a nnuru a wɔtaa de kum ɔyare mmoawa ne nnuru a wɔde ko tia akisikuru ka ho, betumi ne wo koma nnuru adi nkitaho. Wobetumi aka QT ntamgyinafo nso, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ QT yare a ɛware no bewu mpofirim no yɛ kɛse.
• Te sɛnea wo (anaa wo ba) ICD no yɛ adwuma no ase. Afei nso, ma wo duruyɛfo nhwɛ mu daa. Aduruyɛ mu akwan bi ne ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde di dwuma da biara da betumi asiw wo ICD no dwumadi kwan. Enti, hu nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati.
• Sɛ wo ba no wɔ SADS a, bisa oduruyɛfo no sɛ obetumi de ne tebea no adi agoru anaa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ?

Sɛ wowɔ SADS a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ wo daa . Eyi yɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ ahu sɛ worenom nnuru dodow a ɛfata. Sɛ wo ba wɔ SADS a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔma nnuru dodow a wɔde ma no kɔ soro bere a ɔrenyin na ne mu duru reyɛ kɛse no. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia titiriw sɛ mmofra kɔhwɛ wɔn daa no. Sɛ wowɔ ICD a, anyɛ yiye koraa no, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn mprenu afe biara.

Sɛ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ si a:

• Sɛ obi koma ayɛ basaa a , frɛ 911 (anaa wo man nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ) ntɛm ara na yɛ CPR.
• Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ anaa frɛ 911 ntɛm ara:
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho atɔ wo, wo ti ayɛ wo yaw, anaasɛ wo koma bɔ a.
• Sɛ wo koko yɛ wo yaw mpofirim anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome a.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wo anaa w’abusua mu obi wɔ SADS a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm yi:

• SADS bɛn na mewɔ?
• Ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ ma me tebea pɔtee no?
• So wubetumi aboa me ma mahu nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsɔ eyi hwɛ wɔ m’abusua mu?
• So mihia afiri a wɔde yi fibrillator?
• So nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ mekwati wɔ me tebea no ho?

Nea etwa to no, kae saa nneɛma yi!

Ɛwom sɛ SADS yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den de, nanso sɛ wuhu na wutu anammɔn a ɛfata a, ebetumi abɔ wo ne w’adɔfo ho ban. Sɛ wuhu sɛnea wɔahu wo yare no a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woate akwan horow a wubetumi afa so no ase. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nyɛ adwuma na si ayaresa a eye ma wo anaa wo dɔfo no ho gyinae. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa, titiriw sɛ wowɔ ICD a, ɛho hia. Sɛ wowɔ AED wɔ fie na wohwɛ hu sɛ obiara nim sɛnea wɔde di dwuma na ɔyɛ CPR a, ebetumi aboa wo ne w’abusua. Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, awareness ne defense a eye sen biara.

` Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome, SADS, komayare, koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ, awosu mu nyarewa, owu mpofirim, koma no anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe