Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a onyinsɛn a, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wubenya nsɛmmisa pii afa abofra ketewa a ɔwɔ wo yafunu mu no ho. Sɛ yɛbɛnya nsɛmmisa yi bi ho mmuaeɛ a, yɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahodoɔ (prenatal testing) wɔ nyinsɛn mu. Enti wɔfrɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw yi mu biako NIPT. Eyi betumi ama yɛahu sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya awosu mu tebea horow bi te sɛ Down syndrome . Nanso, eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ pɔtee 100%. Enti, nnuruyɛfo binom pɛ sɛ wɔfrɛ no NIPS (nhwehwɛmu) sen sɛ wɔbɛfrɛ no NIPT (sɔhwɛ). Efisɛ eyi kyerɛ asiane a ɛwɔ mu no nkutoo.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ NIPT sɔhwɛ no? Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye!
Yɛn nyinaa ate DNA ho asɛm. Ɛte sɛ nhoma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara mu, a ɛkura yɛn awosu mu nsɛm nyinaa. So wunim sɛ DNA yi asinasin nketenkete nso rehuruhuruw wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Yɛfrɛ eyi DNA a nkwammoaa nnim, anaasɛ `cfDNA`?
Enti sɛ wonyinsɛn a, w’ankasa `cfDNA` wɔ wo mogya mu, ne wo ba no DNA asinasin (cell-free fetal DNA - cffDNA) . So ɛno nyɛ nwonwa? Nea ɛka NIPT nhwehwɛmu no ho ne sɛ wobegye mogya a ɛnyɛ den afi wo hɔ na wɔasɔ ahwɛ sɛ ebia wo ba no DNA asinasin bi wɔ hɔ, na ama woanya awosu mu tebea horow bi ho nsɛnkyerɛnne. Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu nti, asiane biara nni wo anaa wo ba no so.
Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi NIPT sɔhwɛ no mu?
NIPT sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛnteɛ wɔ chromosomes mu titiriw. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, chromosomes taa ba abien abien wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ́ anka wɔbɛhyehyɛ chromosome abien no, ebetumi ayɛ abiɛsa. Yɛfrɛ eyi trisomy .
Trisomy tebea atitiriw a NIPT sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛ ne sɛnea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ni:
| Awosu mu tebea | Nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm dodow (Trisomy) . | NIPT Pɛpɛɛpɛ |
|---|---|---|
| Down syndrome a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | Trisomy 21 na ɛwɔ hɔ | ~99% |
| Edwards yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no | Trisomy 18 na ɛwɔ hɔ | ~97% |
| Patau yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no | Trisomy 13. Nsɛm a Wɔka Kyerɛ | ~87% |
Yɛsrɛ sɛ kae: NIPT yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu nkutoo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Ɛrentumi nyɛ nokware 100% sɛ yare bi wɔ hɔ.
Sɛ NIPT aba no yɛ papa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ asiane bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare de si so dua. Sɔhwɛ abien na wɔyɛ ma ɛno:
1. Amniocentesis: Adeyɛ a ɛfa awotwaa mu nsu a wɔde fi awotwaa no mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ.
2. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Adeyɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ woyi nkwammoaa kakraa bi fi akokoaa no awotwaa mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ.
Esiane sɛ nhwehwɛmu abien yi nyinaa yɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu ( invasive ) nti, asiane ketewaa bi wɔ mu. Enti, ebia ɛnanom binom mpɛ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ.
Bio nso, NIPT nso betumi akyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no yɛ ɔbarima anaa ɔbea . Sɛ wompɛ sɛ wuhu a, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ansa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu no.
Hena na ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ NIPT sɔhwɛ no?
Ɛna biara a wawie nyinsɛn adapɛn 10 betumi ayɛ saa sɔhwɛ yi. Nanso, ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ahyɛde. Nanso, ɛnanom a wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya awosu mu tebea horow bi no ani gye eyi ho kɛse.
Henanom na wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu?
- Ɛnanom a wɔadi boro mfe 35.
- Ɛnanom a wɔadi kan awo abofra a ɔwɔ trisomy yare.
- Ɛnanom a wɔada no adi sɛ wɔwɔ asiane mu denam nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu (e.g. nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan mu).
Tebea horow a ebia nea efi NIPT mu ba no nyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so kɛse
NIPT nhwehwɛmu no gyina akokoaa DNA dodow a ɛwɔ ɛna no mogya mu so. Saa dodoɔ yi taa yɛ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu ketewa, bɛyɛ 10%-20%. Enti, tebea horow bi a ɛwɔ ɛna no nipadua mu betumi aka nea efi mu ba yi.
- Sɛ wo nipadua mu duru (BMI) yɛ 30 anaa nea ɛboro saa a.
- Sɛ wɔde nkesua a wɔde mae nyinsɛn abofra no a.
- Sɛ wode nnuru bi a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw redi dwuma a.
- Sɛ wosoa mmanoma anaa mmofra a ɛboro saa wɔ awotwaa mu a.
Sɛ ɛba saa a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa na woasi gyinae sɛ ebia NIPT nhwehwɛmu no fata wo anaa.
Dɛn na woyɛ bere a woanya NIPT aba no akyi?
Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte awerɛhow ne ahodwiriw nka bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ asiane (nea efi mu ba a ɛyɛ papa) a efi NIPT nhwehwɛmu mu no. Nanso mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Nea edi kan no, kae sɛ eyi nyɛ gyinaesi a etwa to. Saa bere yi de, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne awosu ho ɔfotufo anaa wo duruyɛfo kasa na ama woate nea efi mu ba no ase.
NIPT yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ asiane nkutoo. Mfa nea ebefi mu aba no nkutoo so nsi gyinae a ɛho hia biara wɔ wo ba no ho.
Sɛ wopɛ a, wobɛtumi akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛhunu yareɛ te sɛ `amniocentesis` anaa `CVS` a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no de asi tebea no so dua 100%. Anaasɛ wowɔ hokwan sɛ worennyɛ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow no. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka saa nneɛma yi nyinaa ho nkɔmmɔ pefee.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- NIPT yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde mogya a ɛnyɛ den a wɔfa fi ɛna a onyinsɛn hɔ na ɛyɛ na ɛnyɛ asiane biara mma wo anaa wo ba no.
- Eyi nyɛ 100% a ɛyɛ nokware a wɔde hu yare no. Ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu nkutoo a ɛkyerɛ asiane a ɛwɔ tebea horow te sɛ Down syndrome mu.
- Sɛ NIPT aba no yɛ papa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo te sɛ amniocentesis de si so dua.
- Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nea efi NIPT mu ba ne anammɔn a edi hɔ ho, sen sɛ w’ankasa wubesi gyinae.
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