Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a wobɛyɛ ɛna a, ebia wo duruyɛfoɔ aka ‘NT scan’, anaa ‘first-trimester screening’ ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Saa din yi a wobɛte no betumi ama woasuro kakra na woapɛ sɛ wuhu. Nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ den koraa, na biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro. Wɔ asɛm yi mu no, yɛbɛka biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa NT scan yi ho asɛm.
Dɛn ankasa ne NT scan?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, NT scan yɛ ultrasound scan titiriw a wɔyɛ wɔ wo nyinsɛn no asram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu, wɔ adapɛn 11 ne 14 ntam.Eyi din nyinaa ne Nuchal Translucency scan. Ɛhwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya awosu mu tebea horow bi te sɛ Down syndrome titiriw.
Mpɛn pii no, wɔde mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii ka scan yi ho. Saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hwɛ sɛnea hormone ne protein ahorow bi wɔ wo mogya mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- Beta- Onipa Chorionic Gonadotropin (b-hCG) a wontua hwee .
- plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) a ɛne nyinsɛn wɔ abusuabɔ .
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma.
Saa nkwaadɔm ne protein ahorow yi wɔ ɔbea a onyinsɛn biara nipadua mu. Nanso sɛ akokoaa no wɔ tebea bi te sɛ Down syndrome , ebia wɔn dodow bɛkɔ fam anaasɛ akɔ soro asen sɛnea ɛte daa. Sɛ wɔbom yɛ NT scan ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi a, yɛfrɛ no ‘combined first-trimester screening’ . Nea efi mu ba no yɛ nea edi mu kɛse bere a wɔbom yɛ no.
Dɛn ankasa na scan yi hwehwɛ?
Eyi yɛ ade a ɛyɛ anigye yiye. Akokoaa biara a ɔrenyin wɔ awotwaa mu no wɔ ntini teateaa bi wɔ ne honam ani wɔ wɔn kɔn akyi, na nsu kakra ahyɛ mu ma. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ ‘nuchal fold’. Eyi yɛ biribi a akokoaa biara a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden wɔ.
Nanso, wɔ nkokoaa a wɔwɔ awosu mu tebea horow bi mu no, nsu pii boaboa ano sen sɛnea ɛte daa wɔ saa ‘nuchal fold’ yi mu. Afei saa ntini no mu yɛ den kakra. NT scan no susuw saa kɛse no.
Wobetumi agyina saa kɛse yi so asusuw asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya awosu mu tebea pɔtee bi ho.
| Tebea a Wɔayɛ no Screened | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a Ɛnyɛ Den |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome (Ɔyare a ɛba fam / Trisomy 21) . | Tebea a yɛn nkwammoaa no wɔ chromosome 21 no bi foforo, anaa abiɛsa, sen abien a yɛtaa nya wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu no. Eyi betumi aka adwene ne nipadua mu nkɔso. |
| Trisomy 13 ne 18 na ɛwɔ hɔ | Eyi te sɛ Down syndrome. Ɛha yi, chromosome 13 anaa 18 no bi foforo wɔ hɔ. Eyinom yɛ tebea horow a ɛde awo mu dɛmdi a emu yɛ den yiye ba. |
| Turner yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no | Tebea a ɛka nkokoaa mmea a wokura X chromosome nkutoo. Wɔ eyi mu no, X chromosome no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa nni hɔ. Eyi betumi de nkɔso ho haw ne koma mu haw aba. |
| Koma mu yare a wɔde awo obi | Koma mu dɛmdi ahorow bi wɔ hɔ wɔ awo mu. Ebinom betumi de wɔn nkwa ato asiane mu, bere a afoforo nso de ɔhaw biara mma koraa. |
Nanso ɛho hia sɛ wokae eyi: NT scan no yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu , ɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no wɔ saa tebea horow yi 100%. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya tebea a ɛte saa no dɔɔso anaasɛ ɛba fam nkutoo.
Wɔ asɛm titiriw yi akyi no, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ nneɛma afoforo pii so bere a ɔreyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi no.
- So wo ba no nyin yiye?
- Nkokoaa ahe na wɔwɔ awotwaa no mu?
- Sɛ wɔyɛ mmanoma a, so wɔkyɛ awotwaa koro?
- Hwɛ hu sɛ wunim bere tenten a woanyinsɛn no yiye .
Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ NT scan no?
Eyi yɛ scan a ɛyɛ daa te sɛ scan foforo biara a woayɛ pɛn. Biribiara titiriw biara nni hɔ. Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ nom nsu nkuruwa 2 kosi 3 bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako ansa na wɔayɛ scan no. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubehu akokoaa no yiye bere a wo akisikuru ayɛ ma no. Enti ntow wo ho ansa na woayɛ scan. Ɛwom sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra de, nanso ɛbɛboa ma scan no akɔ yiye.
Sɛ wokɔ scan dan no mu a, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ da mpa so. Afei mfiridwumayɛfo no de gel kakraa bi bɛhyɛ wo yafunu ase na ɔde adwinnade ketewaa bi (wand/probe) afa mu de atwa mfonini. Wobɛte nhyɛso kakra nka saa bere yi, nanso ɛrenyɛ yaw . Sɛ wɔtwa mfonini a ɛho hia no wie a, wɔawie scan no. Wubetumi akɔ fie sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
So ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ saa scan yi?
Dabi, NT scan no nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ahyɛde. Ɛyɛ nea obiara betumi apaw koraa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ hokwan a edi mũ sɛ wusi gyinae sɛ wubenya bi anaasɛ worennya bi.
Awofo binom ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi na wɔadi kan ahu wɔn ba no akwahosan ho asiane ahorow. Saa kwan no so no, sɛ abofra bi wɔ hɔ a ɔwɔ ahiade soronko a, wonya bere de siesie wɔn ho wɔ adwene mu ne ɔkwan foforo biara so de hwɛ saa abofra no.
Afei nso, awofo binom te nka sɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte saa betumi de adwennwen a ɛho nhia aba. Ebia wobesi gyinae sɛ wɔrenyɛ sɔhwɛ no sɛ nea efi mu ba no ansakra ɔkwan a wɔfa so hwɛ wɔn ba no a. Gyinaesi abien no nyinaa teɛ. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wo ne wo hokafo no besi gyinae a eye ma wo, na sɛ ɛho hia a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo no bom.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛbɛte nea efi scan mu ba no ase?
Bere a akokoaa no nyin wɔ awotwaa no mu no, nuchal fold a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no nso yɛ kɛse nkakrankakra. Enti, wɔde susudua a wonya bere a wɔreyɛ scan no toto nkokoaa afoforo a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden a wɔadi mfe koro susuw ho.
| Nsunsuansoɔ | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nea efi mu ba (Asiane a Ɛba Fam) . | Wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ susuw no bɛyɛ milimita 2 (2mm) wɔ adapɛn 11 mu na ɛkɔ milimita 2.8 (2.8mm) wɔ adapɛn 13 ne nnafua 6 mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ asiane kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya awosu mu tebea bi. |
| Nea efi mu ba a ɛnteɛ (Asiane Kɛse) . | Sɛ susudua no boro nea ɛfata a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no a, wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ "asiane kɛse" a efi mu ba. Eyi nkyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ yare bi, na mmom nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ asiane no dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa. |
Ɛnyɛ scan susuw yi nko na wo duruyɛfo de bedi dwuma, na mmom wo mfe a woadi ne nea efii wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba nso bedi dwuma de ahu nea etwa to. Sɛ wɔka bom a, NT scan ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no betumi akyerɛ asiane a ɛwɔ awosu mu tebea horow mu no bɛyɛ 85% pɛpɛɛpɛ .
Nanso, 5% hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ "atoro a ɛyɛ papa" bɛba. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ asiane kɛse mu, sɛ ɔhaw biara nni hɔ mpo a.
Sɛ NT scan no mu aba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ?
Nea edi kan koraa no, mma wo ho nnpopo . ‘Asiane kɛse’ a efi mu ba no nkyerɛ ankasa sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ akokoaa no ho. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ sɔhwɛ foforo ho hia.
Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo a wubetumi ayɛ. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi ama wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ 100%.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Ɛha yi, woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi awotwaa no mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu.
- Amniocentesis: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa amniotic nsu a ɛwɔ awotwaa no mu no mu kakraa bi na wɔasɔ ahwɛ.
- DNA a nkwammoaa nnim ansa na wɔawo (cfDNA) nhwehwɛmu: Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛhwehwɛ wo ba no DNA asinasin mu wɔ wo mogya mu de hwehwɛ awosu mu tebea horow mu. ( Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛhwehwɛ wo ba no DNA asinasin mu wɔ wo mogya mu de hwehwɛ awosu mu tebea horow mu.)
Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu biara mu mfaso, ɔhaw ahorow, ne asiane ahorow mu akyerɛ wo, a ɛne wo tebea no ahyia. Afei, wubetumi asi gyinae sɛ ebia wubenya wɔn anaasɛ worennya bi.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- NT scan yɛ ultrasound nhwehwɛmu a ahobammɔ wom koraa na ɛnyɛ yaw a wɔyɛ wɔ nyinsɛn no fã a edi kan no mu.
- Ɛnyɛ ahyɛde sɛ wɔbɛyɛ eyi. Egyina wo so koraa.
- Eyi hwehwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Down syndrome mu, nanso ɛnkyerɛ sɛ yare no wɔ hɔ.
- Sɛ wunya nea efi mu ba a ‘asiane kɛse wom’ a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, na mmom wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ma wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.
- Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo besusuw wo haw ne w’adwenem naayɛ nyinaa ho na ama emu ada hɔ.
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