Ɛtɔ da bi a oduruyɛfo betumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ nsakrae ketewaa bi aba w’awosu mu, a wɔfrɛ no ‘Robertsonian Translocation’. Ebia sɛ wote nsɛm yi a, ehu ka wo. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wubesusuw nneɛma te sɛ, ‘So eyi yɛ yare a emu yɛ den? So ɛbɛyɛ ɔhaw ama me mma?’ Nanso mma wo ho nnsuro. Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii nnim ho asɛm, nanso ɛfata sɛ wuhu. Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nnipa 900 biara mu bɛyɛ biako pɛ na obetumi anya bi. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye so, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm ne chromosomes?
Ansa na yɛbɛte eyi ase no, momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea wɔyɛɛ yɛn nipadua no. Fa no sɛ yɛn nipadua yɛ nhomakorabea a nhomakorabea kɛse bi wom. Nhoma biara a ɛwɔ nhomakorabea yi mu no kura akwankyerɛ a ɛbɔɔ yɛn.
Saa nhoma ahorow yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no chromosomes wɔ aduruyɛ mu. Eyinom ne wɔn a wɔkora yɛn awosu mu nsɛm nyinaa so - akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛkyerɛ biribiara fi yɛn ti nhwi kɔla, aniwa kɔla, yɛn tenten, ne honam ani kɔla so.
Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden wɔ chromosomes 46. Eyinom mu no, yenya 23 fi yɛn maame hɔ na 23 a aka no fi yɛn papa hɔ.
Enti ɔkwan bɛn so na Robertsonian translocation yi ba?
Wɔ yɛn nipadua mu nkwaboaa 46 mu no, nkwaboaa 13, 14, 15, 21, ne 22 yɛ soronko kakra. Wɔfrɛ wɔn acrocentric chromosomes . Saa chromosomes yi wɔ ‘basa’ biako a ɛyɛ tiaa yiye. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ asa tiaa yi nni awosu mu nsɛm biara a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua no dwumadi.
Afei, wɔ Robertsonian Translocation mu no, nea ɛba ne sɛ acrocentric chromosomes anum a madi kan aka ho asɛm no mu abien nsa ntiantiaa no mu paapae, na saa chromosome abien no nsa atenten no bata ho. Ɛte sɛ nea woabubu nnua abien nketenkete abien na woayi afi hɔ, na afei wode gluu abɔ asinasin akɛse abien a aka no mu. Afei saa abasa nketewa abien a mfaso nni so no nni hɔ bio.
Sɛ wɔde nkwaboaa abien bom wɔ saa kwan yi so a, mprempren onipa no nkwaboaa dodow nyinaa yɛ 45, na ɛnyɛ 46. Nanso ɔrennya akwahosan ho haw biara. Efisɛ asinasin nketenkete kakraa bi a awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛho hia nni mu nkutoo na ɛyerae.
So eyi ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?
Yiw, wobetumi akyekyɛ tebea yi mu ayɛ no ahorow atitiriw abien. Sɛ wohwɛ pon yi a, wobɛte ase ntɛm.
| Korɔ | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Robertsonian Translocation a Ɛkari pɛ (Ɛkari pɛ) . | Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi nni sɛnkyerɛnne anaa akwahosan ho haw biara. Wɔtra ase kyɛ a ahoɔden wom. Mpɛn pii no, wonnim mpo sɛ wɔwɔ bi. Wɔfrɛ saa nnipa yi ‘asoafo’ efisɛ wonni tebea no, nanso wobetumi de akɔma wɔn mma. |
| Robertsonian Translocation a ɛnkari pɛ (Ɛnkari pɛ) . | Ɛha na ɔhaw ahorow betumi asɔre. Eyi ne baabi a akokoaa no nya awosu mu nneɛma pii dodo anaasɛ kakraa bi. Mpɛn pii no, wohu eyi bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ awofo no chromosomes yɛ nea ɛfata mpo a, tebea no betumi aba bere a akokoaa no renyin wɔ awotwaa no mu no. Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ awofo no mu biako yɛ obi a ɔsoa nneɛma na akokoaa no betumi anya saa tebea yi. |
Ɔkwan bɛn so na abofra nya saa tebea yi fi awo mu?
Sɛ Robertsonian Translocation carrier bi ne obi foforo nya abofra a, wobetumi anya awosu mu abɔde no wɔ akwan atitiriw abiɛsa so. Fa no sɛ wo ne nea ɔsoa nneɛma no.
1. Abofra a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden koraa: Wo ba betumi anya chromosome ahorow a ɛfata afi wo ne wo hokafo hɔ. Afei abofra no rennya awosu mu ɔhaw biara. Ɛbɛyɛ nea ahoɔden wom koraa.
2. Abofra no nso bɛyɛ obi a ɔsoa: Abofra no, te sɛ wo, betumi anya chromosome a wɔakɔ baabi foforo ne chromosome a ɛteɛ no. Afei abofra no rennya akwahosan ho haw biara. Nanso ɔno nso bɛyɛ obi a ɔsoa nneɛma te sɛ wo daakye.
3. Tebea a ɛnkari pɛ: Eyi ne bere a akokoaa no nya awosu mu nneɛma foforo anaa nea ennu saa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia akokoaa no benya chromosome a ɛfata aka chromosome a ɛka ho no ho. Eyi betumi ama akokoaa no anya awosu mu tebea horow bi te sɛ translocation Down syndrome anaa Patau syndrome . Nanso, sɛnea tebea no te ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no gyina chromosomes pɔtee a wonya no so.
So asiane afoforo wɔ hɔ?
Ebia ɔbea a ɔwɔ Robertsonian translocation no betumi anya asiane a ɛkɔ soro kakra sen sɛnea ɛte daa sɛ obetu nyinsɛn agu. Afei nso, mmarima binom a wɔwɔ yare no betumi anya mmadwoa dodow so atew anaasɛ tumi a wɔde yɛ mmadwoa so tew.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobehu tebea yi?
Nnipa pii nnim sɛ wɔyɛ soafo. Sɛ wɔtow nyinsɛn agu mpɛn pii anaasɛ wɔwo akokoaa bi a ɔwɔ awosu mu tebea no nkutoo a, na wohu. Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔahu.
Sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu eyi no yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den . Wogye mogya kakraa bi fi wo mu na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ chromosomes a ɛwɔ mogya nkwammoaa no mu no mu. Wɔfrɛ sɔhwɛ yi Karyotyping . Afei wobetumi ahu pefee sɛ ebia wowɔ nkwaboaa 46 no nyinaa nnidiso nnidiso, anaasɛ wowɔ biako a ennu saa (45), ne sɛ ebia nkwaboaa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbata ho.
Sɛ wunim sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ saa awosu mu yare yi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wo ne wo hokafo no nyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi ansa na moabɔ mmɔden sɛ mobɛwo ba.
Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka bere a wote tebea yi ho ade no. Nanso nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubenya nsɛm a ɛfata na woahwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛho hia.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Robertsonian Translocation nyɛ yare a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ bi (wɔn a wɔkura) no wɔ apɔwmuden koraa na wɔtra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ.
- Nkɛntɛnso titiriw a eyi nya ne asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔde awosu mu abɔde no bɛma abofra. Nanso, sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔsoa nneɛma mpo a, woda so ara wɔ hokwan pa sɛ wobɛwo mma a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden.
- Sɛ wo nyinsɛn gu bere nyinaa, ɛyɛ den sɛ wubenyinsɛn, anaasɛ w’abusua abakɔsɛm wɔ awosu mu nyarewa a, nyansa wom sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa akyerɛ sɛnea wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ karyotyping.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo . Ɔde nsɛm, afotu, ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ akɔma wo awosu mu afotu nyinaa ama wo sɛ ɛho hia a.
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