So woate yare bi a ɛka w’amemene no afã fitaa (White Matter Disease) ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo nkae reyɛ kɛse kakra bere a worenyin no? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ sɛ wo nantew anaa woyɛ nneɛma a, wokari pɛ kakra? Ebia eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛfata a ɛba bere a obi nyin no. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia biribi wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi akyi a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye kakra wɔ ho. Wiɛ, ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea bi a ɛka yɛn amemene mu nneɛma fitaa ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne saa yare yi a ɛka amemene no afã fitaa (White Matter Disease)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma ɔsɛe ne nsakrae a ɛba nneɛma fitaa a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no mu. Susuw saa ade fitaa yi ho sɛ "akwan akɛse" a ɛka yɛn amemene no afã horow bom, ne amemene ne akyi berɛmo nso. Ɔhaw ahorow fi ase bere a saa "akwan akɛse" yi asɛe no.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ tebea yi amemene mu ntini nketenkete mu yare anaa ntini nketenkete mu yare . Ebetumi aba bere a onyin ne nsakrae a ɛba mogya ntini a ɛwɔ amemene no mu nneɛma fitaa mu no. Ebetumi ayɛ nea emu nyɛ den, nea ɛkɔ fam, anaasɛ emu yɛ den .

Sɛ wo fitaa no sɛe a, ɛbɛyɛ fitaa akuru . Nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu eyinom sɛ mmeae a ɛhyerɛn wɔ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan a wɔde hwɛ amemene no so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia saa akuru yi remfa sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biara mma, na ɛyɛ "nea ɛyɛ daa" sɛ yebenya bi bere a yɛrenyin no. Nanso, akuru bi betumi asɛe "akwan akɛse" a ɛho hia wɔ amemene no mu, na ɛde ɔhaw ahorow aba wɔ nkae, kari pɛ, ne nantew mu .

Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔwɔ akuru fitaa pii (kyerɛ sɛ, nneɛma fitaa yare pii) taa nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne pii .

Saa nneɛma fitaa yare yi ne nneɛma a ɛde koma ne ntini mu yare ba no wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse . Nhwehwɛmufo gye di sɛ ɛyɛ biomarker a ɛkyerɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase, adwenemhaw, ne dɛmdi wɔ nkwa nna nyinaa mu.

Dɛn ankasa ne ade fitaa yi?

White matter is a large network of nerve fibers (axons) in our brain. Ɛha na wɔsesa nsɛm na nkitahodi kɔ so wɔ amemene no afã horow ntam. Wɔfrɛ no "ade fitaa" efisɛ wɔde aduru a ɛbɔ ho ban a wɔfrɛ no myelin atwa saa ntini ahorow yi ho ahyia. Ɛyɛ saa myelin no nti na saa ntini yi nya ne kɔla fitaa.

W’amemene no wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ fitaa wɔ n’anim ne afã horow a emu dɔ. Enya ne kɔla a ɛyɛ fitaa no fi ntini mu nkwammoaa (neurons) nkwammoaa nipadua mu.

Sɛ yɛn ade fitaa no betumi ayɛ nea ahoɔden wom a, ehia mogya pa ne aduannuru .

Sɛnea sare a ɛwɔ yɛn turo mu no hia nsu, owia hann, ne rake na ama ayɛ fɛ no, saa ara na ade fitaa a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no betumi asɛe sɛ ennya mogya ne aduan pa a.

Mogya a ɛso tew (a wɔde aduruyɛ frɛ no ischemia ) ne aduannuru a ɛso tew no betumi asɛe saa ntini ahorow yi. Wobetumi ahonhon, abubu, anaa mpo wɔawuwu koraa.

Henanom na saa yare fitaa yi ka no kɛse?

Ɛwom sɛ ebetumi aba obiara so de, nanso ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 60 ne wɔn a wɔwɔ koma ne ntini mu yare so .

Mmabun binom, sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔn a wɔwɔ tebea horow te sɛ atiridiinini , betumi anya akuru fitaa kakraa bi wɔ amemene no MRI mfonini mu. Nanso, bere a obi nyin na asiane a wontumi nni so a ɛde koma ne ntini mu yare ba no kɔ soro no, ɛda adi sɛ akuru yi dodow bɛkɔ soro.

Ebia nnipa binom nso betumi anya saa yare yi esiane awosu mu asiane ahorow nti .

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

White matter yare yɛ tebea a abu so yiye , na ɛka nnipa bɛboro fã a wɔadi boro mfe 60.

Dɛn ne saa yare fitaa yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi a ebetumi ada adi wɔ tebea yi mu ni:

• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ nkae mu .
• Nantew a ɛyɛ brɛoo .
• Nsɛm a ɛfa kari pɛ ne asehwe a ɛtaa ba .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛyɛ nneɛma abien anaa nea ɛboro saa prɛko pɛ , sɛ nhwɛso no, nantew bere a worekasa.
• Adwene mu nsakrae , tebea horow te sɛ adwenemhaw .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi nsu a wɔde gu mu (nsu a wontumi nhyɛ mu) .

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi taa ba nnipa a wɔwɔ yare a emu yɛ den kɛse so .

Nanso kae sɛ, nsakrae a ɛfata a ɛba bere a onyin mu, anaasɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo te sɛ ntini mu yare, asikreyare a ɛma obi nya ntini mu yare, Alzheimer adwenemhaw, anaa nna a wontumi nna . Nanso, sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi da adi na emu yɛ den ntɛmntɛm paa a, ɛyɛ asɛm a ɛhaw adwene.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wohu nneɛma fitaa yare wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ amemene no MRI esiane biribi foforo nti. Ebia nnipa binom wɔ bi nanso wɔnda sɛnkyerɛnne biara adi (asymptomatic). Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa ahwɛ sɛ ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no fi nneɛma fitaa yare anaasɛ biribi foforo a ɛde ba.

Dɛn na ɛde saa nneɛma fitaa yare yi ba?

Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara reyɛ yare no ne nea ɛde ba no mu nhwehwɛmu. Mprempren, wogye di sɛ mogya a ɛkɔ ntini a ɛwɔ ade fitaa no mu a ɛso tew bere tenten no na ɛde ba.Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ saa nhama yi asɛe.

Bere a yɛrenyin no, yɛn ntini ahorow no yɛ den na ɛnyɛ den koraa . Eyi betumi atew mogya a ɛkɔ ntini a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no so na asɛe ade fitaa no.

Ebetumi nso afi tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no atherosclerosis mu aba . Eyi ne bere a bere kɔ so no, nsensanee boaboa ano wɔ yɛn ntini mu, na ɛma ntini no afasu yɛ den na ɛyɛ den. Eyi betumi aka ntini biara a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu, a ntini a ɛwɔ amemene no mu ka ho.

Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a ɛde koma ne ntini mu asiane ba, te sɛ mogya mmoroso, asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro esiane asikreyare nti, srade a ɛdɔɔso wɔ aduan mu, ne sigaretnom , betumi ama nneɛma fitaa a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu akuru no ayɛ kɛse.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde nneɛma fitaa akuru ba

Adeyɛ biara a ɛma nsakrae ba nnuru a ɛwɔ ntini a myelin akata so no mu, sɛe, anaasɛ mogya a ɛkɔ so no so tew (ischemia), betumi ada adi sɛ nneɛma fitaa akuru wɔ MRI mfonini mu.

Ɛwom sɛ white matter yare yɛ white matter akuru a wɔaboaboa ano a ntini mu haw ahorow de ba de, nanso wubetumi nso anya white matter akuru nketenkete esiane nneɛma afoforo nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi ahu saa akuru yi wɔ ɔyare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no te sɛ multiple sclerosis (MS) ne awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ leukodystrophy .

Nnuruyɛfo te sɛ ntini ho animdefo ne ntini mu mframa ho animdefo taa tumi gyina baabi a ɛwɔ wɔ amemene no mu so kyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda nneɛma fitaa yare ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛde akuru ba ntam. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de hu nea ɛde nneɛma fitaa akuru a wohu wɔ MRI mfonini mu ba ankasa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu saa yare fitaa yi?

Ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so hu yare yi ne sɛ wɔde magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan bɛhwɛ amemene no mu . MRI scan yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛyaw nnim a ɛma nipadua no afã horow ho mfonini a emu da hɔ yiye. MRI afiri no de magnet kɛse, radio asorɔkye, ne kɔmputa na ɛyɛ mfonini ahorow a ɛkɔ akyiri yi, a wɔmfa mframa biara nni dwuma (wɔmfa X-ray biara nni dwuma).

Amemene mu MRI mfonini betumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔahu baabi a w’amemene mu nneɛma fitaa no asɛe kodu na wɔahu nneɛma fitaa yare.

Nsakrae a ɛba nneɛma fitaa mu no da adi sɛ akuru wɔ MRI so. Wobetumi akyerɛw nsakrae a ɛba nneɛma fitaa yi so wɔ akwan horow so wɔ MRI amanneɛbɔ bi so:

• Amemene mu anaa subcortical white matter yare anaa akuru.
• Ntini nketenkete mu yare.
• Nneɛma fitaa a ɛnyɛ pɔtee bi sesa.
• T2 hyperintensities (apirakuru).

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahu nea efii MRI nhwehwɛmu a woyɛɛ de hwehwɛɛ tebea foforo mu bae no so ahu nneɛma fitaa yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mmere foforo nso, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ MRI sɛ ontumi nhu biribi foforo a ɛda adi pefee a ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba, te sɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa kari pɛ ne nkae ho a.

Ɛwom sɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu afoforo wɔ hɔ, te sɛ CT scan (Computed Tomography scans) , nanso magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) na ɛwɔ mfonini no su ne nkate a eye sen biara a wɔde hu nneɛma fitaa yare.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo rehu yare yi a, ebia ɔbɛyɛ ntini mu nhwehwɛmu nso de ahwɛ sɛnea wo yare no te.

Esiane sɛ nneɛma fitaa yare ne nneɛma a ɛde koma ne ntini mu yare ba nti, ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom mfa nhwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Nkwammoaa mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho panel a ɛkɔ akyiri .
• Lipid panel (hwɛ srade dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua mu).
• Glycosylated hemoglobin nhwehwɛmu (HbA1c) (hwɛ Asikreyare tebea).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa aduru fitaa yare yi?

Sɛ nnuruyɛfo resa yare yi a, wɔde wɔn adwene si yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wobedi so ne asiane ahorow a ɛbata koma ne ntini mu yare ho a wobedi so titiriw.

Akwahosan ho haw ahorow a ɛda adi te sɛ mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ne srade a ɛdɔɔso a wɔbɛsa, ne sigaretnom a wobegyae no betumi aboa ma wɔasiw nneɛma fitaa a ɛyɛ akuru foforo ano .

Ɛwom sɛ ayaresa biara nni hɔ a wɔde besiesie nneɛma fitaa a asɛe dedaw de, nanso mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔwɔ akwahosan ho haw a wontumi nni so kɛse no nya nneɛma fitaa a ɛsɛe na wodi dɛm kɛse.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa nneɛma fitaa ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow

• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ : Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔakari pɛ ne nantew ho haw ahorow a nneɛma fitaa yare de ba no. Nea ɛka ho nso ne nkyerɛkyerɛ ne ayaresa a wɔde siw asehwe ano.
• Adwene ne nneyɛe ho afotu ne adwenemyare ho ayaresa : Wɔ adwenemyare te sɛ adwenemhaw ho no, wobetumi adi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so denam adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo a wɔne no bɛkasa so, na sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔde nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw a wobenya afi adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo hɔ so .
• Nsu a wontumi nhyɛ mu : Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa eyi, a nnuru, asetra mu nsakrae, ne nnuruyɛ mu akwan horow bi ka ho.

Koma ne ntini mu yare a ɛde asiane ba ho dwumadie

Asiane ahorow a ɛbata koma ne ntini mu yare ho a wobedi ho dwuma no betumi aboa ma wɔasiw nneɛma fitaa yare a ɛkɔ so no so na wɔasiw koma ne ntini mu nsɛm a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu te sɛ ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase ano.

Ayaresa ahorow a ɛboa ma wodi nneɛma a ɛde koma ne ntini mu yare ho dwuma no bi ne:

• Nnuru ne asetra mu nsakrae a wɔde ma mogya mmoroso a ɛyɛ papa.
• Asikreyare ho nhyehyɛe (sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a).
• Cholesterol dodow a wɔbɛhyɛ so denam nnuru ne asetra mu nsakrae so .
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔyɛ daa .
• Kwati sigaretnom .
• Kwati a yɛbɛkwati sɛ yɛbɛnom nsa .
• Nnuru a ekum mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu (eyinom yɛ nnuru kuw bi a ɛmma mogya mu nkwammoaa ntumi nkɔfam na ɛnyɛ mogya mu ntini).
• Statins (sɛ wo srade dodow yɛ nea ɛfata mpo a, eyinom betumi aboa ma ɔfe a ɛwɔ mogya ntini no mu no so atew).

Nnuruyɛfo bɛn na wɔsa aduru fitaa yare yi?

Ɛdenam wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne wo tebea so no, wubetumi akɔ nnuruyɛfo yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa nkyɛn akɔsa aduru fitaa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wɔahwɛ sɛnea ɛkɔ so:

• Ntini mu yare ho ɔbenfo
• W’abusua oduruyɛfo (Primary care provider) .
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho ɔbenfo
• Adwuma mu ayaresa ho ɔbenfo
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho ɔyaresafo
• Koma ho ɔyaresafo
• Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ nsu mu nsu mu
• Adwene ne Nkate Ho Ɔbenfo ne/anaasɛ Adwene ne Nkate Ho Ɔbenfo

So wobetumi asiw ade fitaa yare yi ano?

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ asiane ahorow a ɛma wonya koma ne ntini mu yare no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya nneɛma fitaa yare.

Nneɛma a ɛde koma ne ntini mu yare ba ne:

• Mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) .
• Srade a ɛkɔ soro (Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia) .
• Sigaretnom
• Asikreyare a wontumi nni so yiye

Nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw yare yi nkɔso ano . Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ asiane ahorow yi a wodi ho dwuma, te sɛ nnuru a wɔnom, asetra mu nsakrae a wɔyɛ, ne/anaasɛ sigaretnom a wogyae no betumi aboa ma wɔasiw nneɛma fitaa akuru foforo a ɛbɛba no ano.

Dɛn ne nneɛma fitaa yare ho nkɔmhyɛ?

White matter yare yɛ tebea horow a ɛtrɛw a ebetumi afi nea emu nyɛ den so kosi nea emu yɛ den so wɔ MRI so. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛbata ho no betumi afi biara so kosi nea emu yɛ den so. Enti, ɛsono sɛnea obi benya nneɛma fitaa yare ho adwene.

Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ white matter yare a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo ntini ho ɔyaresafo bɛkasa akyerɛ nea wubetumi ahwɛ kwan.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ nneɛma fitaa yare ho?

Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ white matter yare a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo titiriw nkyɛn daa na wosusuw sɛnea wobɛhwɛ asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ wo so no ho. Ɛdenam sɛnea wo white matter yare no su ne sɛnea emu yɛ den, ne wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so no, ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wokɔ animdefo foforo nkyɛn.

Sɛ wowɔ white matter yare a, ɛho hia sɛ wode wo koma ne ntini akwahosan di kan. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wobɛnom de ahyɛ wo srade ne wo mogya mmoroso so na woayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’asetra mu no betumi aboa ma woasiw akuru fitaa foforo ano na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya akisikuru ne adwenemhaw no so atew. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa tebea yi anaa nneɛma a ɛde koma ne ntini mu yare ho a, bisa wo duruyɛfo. Wɔwɔ ha sɛ wɔrebɛboa.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den bi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae wɔ White Matter Yare a yɛkaa ho asɛm no ho:

• Eyi yɛ amemene no mu nneɛma fitaa a wɔsɛe no , te sɛ "akwan" a ɛde nsɛm kɔ amemene no mu a wɔsɛe no.
• Ɛtaa ne onyin ne nneɛma a ɛde komayare ba (mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu, sigaretnom) wɔ abusuabɔ.
• Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bi ne sɛ obi nkae ade yiye, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛnantew, na ontumi nkari pɛ .
• Wɔnam MRI mfonini so titiriw na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ .
• Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsiesie nneɛma a asɛe dedaw no koraa de, nanso wobetumi adi tebea no ho dwuma denam asiane ahorow a wobedi so na wɔasa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so .
• Koma akwahosan a wɔbɛhwɛ so no ho hia yiye na wɔasiw yare yi a ɛbɛkɔ so no ano.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi, anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu eyi ho nsɛm pii a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu . Nsuro, adeɛ a ɛho hia paa wɔ yeinom nyinaa mu ne sɛ wobɛhunu nsɛm a ɛfata na woatu anammɔn a ɛhia.

` White matter yareɛ, amemene mu nyarewa, white matter yareɛ, nkaeɛ a ɛnyɛ yie, kari pɛ a ɛyera, onyin, komayare ho asiane, MRI