Ðe viwò suea mele nyawo yɔyɔm nyuie oa? Mina míaƒo nu tso Articulation Disorder ŋu!

Ðe viwò sue meyɔa ŋɔŋlɔdzesi kple nya aɖewo nyuie ne ele nu ƒom oa? Ðe wòsesẽna na wò ɣeaɖewoɣi be nàse nya si wògblɔna la gɔmea? Togbɔ be nu mawo tɔgbe sɔ le ɖevime hã la, ne nɔnɔme sia yi edzi le ƒe aɖe xɔxɔ vɔ megbe gɔ̃ hã la, ehiã be nàwɔ numekuku aɖewo tso eŋu. Egbea míele nu ƒom tso nɔnɔme sia tɔgbe ŋu, si fia be gbeɖiɖiwo yɔyɔ nyuie ƒe sesẽ ne wole nu ƒom, alo le atikewɔwɔ me, (Articulation Disorder) .

Nukae nye Nyagbɔgblɔ ƒe Dɔléle?

Kpuie ko la, zi geɖe la, kaka ɖevi suewo naxɔ ƒe 4 alo 5 la, wosrɔ̃a gbeɖiɖiwo katã kloe yɔyɔ nyuie. Bu eŋu ale: woyɔa nyawo abe ‘mama’, ‘dada’, kple ‘ball’ nyuie ŋutɔ. Gake ɖevi aɖewo, le ema megbe gɔ̃ hã, si fia be ne wogogo sukudede la, esesẽna na wo be woayɔ nyawo nyuie. Ne edzɔ alea la, míeyɔnɛ be ‘nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi ƒe kuxi’. ‘Nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi ƒe kuxi’ sia ƒomevi ɖekae nye nusi míeyɔna be ‘nyagbɔgblɔ ƒe kuxi’. Esiae nye ne esesẽna na ɖevia be wòaɖe nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi aɖewo .

Azɔ, kpɔ ɖa, `(Articulation)` nye mɔnu si míezãna tsɔ wɔa gbeɖiɖiwo, gbeɖiɖiwo, kple nyawo. Abe ʋu ƒe mɔ̃ ene la, ele be míaƒe nu, aɖe, nuyi, aɖu, kple aɖuwo katã nawɔ dɔ ɖekae hafi aƒo nu. Ðevi si ŋu `(Articulation Disorder)` le la mate ŋu agblɔ gbeɖiɖi aɖewo nyuie o, alo woate ŋu ayɔ gbeɖiɖi mawo vodadatɔe. Bu eŋu kpɔ, ɖevi aɖewo gblɔa ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ‘s’ abe ‘th’ (‘afɔkpa’ ɖe ‘thapattu’ teƒe), alo gblɔa ‘ya’ ɖe ‘ra’ teƒe (‘karek’ ɖe ‘kayake’ teƒe). Le esia ta la, ate ŋu asesẽ na ame bubuwo be woase nya si gblɔm ɖevia le la gɔme. Menye ema ɖeɖeko o, esia ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ɖevia ƒe hadomekadodowo, nusɔsrɔ̃, kple vevietɔ sukudɔdasiwo hã dzi.

Woyɔa nɔnɔme sia ɣeaɖewoɣi be ``Functional Speech Disorder'' alo ``Articulation Delay.'' Eyae nye be kuxi alo heheɖemegbe le nuƒoƒo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me.

Vovototo kae le esia (Articulation Disorder) kple (Phonological Disorder) dome?

Togbɔ be edze abe `(Articulation Disorder)` kple `(Phonological Disorder)` ɖi wo nɔewo ŋutɔ hã la, le nyateƒe me la, eve siawo to vovo. Eyata ele bɔbɔe be míatɔtɔ evea. Gake ele vevie ŋutɔ be míase vovototo si le eve siawo dome gɔme. Elabena, atikewɔwɔmɔnu siwo wozãna na wo ame evea siaa to vovo.

Fifia, kuxi si le ɖevi siwo ŋu Articulation Disorder le ŋue nye lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ siwo hiã be woawɔ nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi aɖewo.Alesi wòsesẽe. Eyae nye be womate ŋu awɔ ɖoɖo ɖe woƒe nuyiwo, aɖe, aɖu, aɖu, kple ya si dona tso woƒe lãkusi me gɔ̃ hã ŋu nyuie be wòaɖe gbeɖiɖi aɖewo o. Woate ŋu atɔtɔ gbeɖiɖiwo alo atsɔ gbeɖiɖi bubuwo aɖo gbeɖiɖi siwo womate ŋu agblɔ o teƒe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le Eŋlisigbe me nya ‘susu’ me la, womate ŋu awɔ gbeɖiɖi ‘th’ (abe ‘’ le Sinhalagbe me ene) eye wozãa gbeɖiɖi ‘f’ ɣesiaɣi (abe ‘’ le Sinhalagbe me ene). Emegbe ‘bu tame’ ɖina abe ‘fink’ ene.

Ke hã, le `(Phonological Disorder)` me la, nu bubu aɖe hã dzɔna. Le afisia la, ɖevia ate ŋu awɔ gbeɖiɖi ɖekaɖekawo nyuie. Eyae nye be, ne èbia tso esi be wòagblɔ ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ‘the’ ɖeɖeko la, agblɔe nyuie. Ke hã, le `(Phonological Disorder)` me la, mate ŋu aƒo gbeɖiɖi mawo nu ƒu nyuie ahagblɔ wo le nyawo me o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, togbɔ be viwòa ɖeɖe ate ŋu agblɔ gbeɖiɖi ‘the’ hã la, ne edze agbagba be yeagblɔ nya ‘ʋɔtru’ la, ate ŋu agblɔe abe ‘gora’ ene. Alo, ɖewohĩ magblɔ ŋɔŋlɔdzesi aɖeke le nya aɖe ƒe nuwuwu o.

Nu vevitɔe nye be dɔléle siawo evea siaa ate ŋu anɔ viwòa ŋu le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me. Esia tae wòle vevie be woana eŋutinunyala bibi aɖe nakpɔ dɔlélea tututu.

Amekae ate ŋu axɔ dɔléle sia (Articulation Disorder) wu?

Zi geɖe la, wokpɔa nɔnɔme sia, si woyɔna be ``Articulation Disorder,'' le ɖevime . Ne womewɔ atike nɛ nyuie o la, ate ŋu anɔ anyi vaseɖe ame tsitsi me. Gake ne nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi ƒe kuxi yeye aɖe va le ame tsitsi aɖe ŋu la, ele be nu bubu aɖe nanye nusi gbɔ wòtso (le kpɔɖeŋu me, ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi si nu sẽ alo ʋusɔgbɔdɔ).

Togbɔ be womenya nusi tututu gbɔ wòtso o hã la, `(Articulation Disorder)` sia bɔ ɖe ŋutsuviwo me wu nyɔnuviwo. Azɔ hã, ne kuxi aɖewo do mo ɖa le vidadaa ŋu le fufɔɣi alo vidzidzi me la, anɔ eme be nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi ƒe kuxi aɖe anɔ ɖevia ŋu. Ne nɔnɔme sia nɔ ame aɖe ŋu le ƒomea me kpɔ, si fia be ne ƒome ŋutinya aɖe li la, anɔ eme be ɖevia hã naxɔ nɔnɔme sia.

Aleke gbegbee Nuƒoƒo ƒe Gbeɖiɖi ƒe Dɔlélewo bɔe?

Le nyateƒe me la , nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi ƒe kuxiwo bɔ ŋutɔ . Akɔntabubuwo ɖee fia be nɔnɔme sia dzea ɖevi siwo ade 8% va ɖo 9% dzi. Ema fia be kuxi sia ate ŋu anɔ ɖevi 8 alo 9 le 100 ɖesiaɖe me.

Nukawoe hea Articulation Disorder vɛ?

Le nyateƒe me la, womekpɔ nusi tututu gbɔ `(Articulation Disorder)` tso haɖe o . Esiae nye biabia si le dzila geɖe si. "Nukatae esia dzɔ ɖe mía vi ɖeɖeko dzi?" wobiaa wo ɖokui be. Gake esia mefia be nane gblẽ le viwòa ƒe ahɔhɔ̃, lãmekawo, nuyiwo, aɖe, aɖu, aɖu, lãkusi, alo nusese (seseŋutete) ŋu o. Eyae nye be ɖevia ate ŋu anɔ lãmesẽ me le go bubuwo katã me .

Gake nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxi ƒomevi bubuwo hã li. Woate ŋu akpɔ nusiwo gbɔ wòtso. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dɔléle siwo tso lãmenugbagbeviwo me, esiwo tsoa tsitsi me, alo esiwo woxɔna. Nɔnɔme bubuwo gbɔe nusiawo tsona. Bu nu me ƒe wɔwɔme si mesɔ o (abe aɖu si me ʋuʋu ene) alo tosese ŋu kpɔ. Gake naneke meli si me kɔ nyuie si gbɔ Articulation Disorder tsona o.

Nukawoe nye Articulation Disorder ƒe dzesiwo? Aleke nèwɔ dea dzesii?

Ðevi si ŋu `(Articulation Disorder)` le ate ŋu asesẽ vie be wòase nya si gblɔm wole la gɔme. Vodada ƒomevi ene dometɔ ɖeka alo esi wu nenema koŋue woɖena fiana. Na míakpɔ nusiwo wonye ɖa:

• Tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu: Gbeɖiɖi alo gbeɖiɖi siwo menye nyawo tɔ o tsɔtsɔ kpee. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, woyɔa Eŋlisigbe me nya ‘fefe’ abe ‘puh-lay’ ene. Le Sinhalagbe me la, woyɔa ‘bole’ abe ‘bo-hole’ ene kple gbeɖiɖi bubu.
• Tɔtɔ: Alesi wogblɔa gbeɖiɖi aɖee tɔtrɔ. Esia ateŋu anɔ abe 'lisp' ene ɣeaɖewoɣi (e.g. 'sa' ɖina abe 'tha' ene, 'sini' ɖina abe 'theeni' ene).
• Nusiwo Womeɖe O: Woɖea gbeɖiɖi aɖewo ɖa keŋkeŋ le nuƒoƒo me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ne wole gbɔgblɔm be ‘suku’ la, woɖea ‘sc’ gbeɖiɖia ɖa eye woyɔnɛ abe ‘ool’ ene. Le Sinhalagbe me la, woyɔa ‘suku’ abe ‘kole’ ene.
• Gbeɖiɖi ɖɔliɖɔli: Gbeɖiɖi ɖeka ɖɔliɖɔli kple bubu ɣesiaɣi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, gbeɖiɖi ‘s’ zazã ɖe gbeɖiɖi ‘th’ teƒe, alo gbeɖiɖi ‘wa’ zazã ɖe ‘ra’ teƒe (‘rata’ le abe ‘vata’ ene).

Ne viwò le seselelãme ƒe fuɖename me tom le ``Articulation Disorder'' sia ta la, ateŋu aɖe nuwɔna aɖewo hã afia. Bu esiawo ŋu kpɔ:

• Womelɔ̃na be yewoaxlẽ agbalẽwo sesĩe alo aƒo nu na ame bubuwo o.
• Ðoɖoezizi, alo nuwɔwɔ si ŋu kpena akpa .
• Ne èle nu ƒom la, dzi ɖena le ƒowò , ɖewohĩ èdoa dziku gɔ̃ hã.
• Wotɔ te nya aɖewo keŋkeŋ .
• Kuxiwo doa mo ɖa le kakaɖeamedzi kple bubudede ame ɖokui ŋu me .

Aleke nàwɔ anya kple kakaɖedzi be Articulation Disorder le ŋuwò? (Dɔléle ƒe dzesi) .

Ne èsusu be nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxi aɖe le viwòa ŋu la, wò ƒomea ƒe ɖɔkta alo ɖeviwo ƒe dɔdala awɔ ŋutilãmedɔdada gbã . Woawɔ tosese dodokpɔ hã . Wozãa dodokpɔ siawo tsɔ ɖea nɔnɔme bubuwo ɖa, vevietɔ tosese. Elabena ne mète ŋu sea nu nyuie o la, màte ŋu agblɔ nyawo nyuie o.

Ne wokpɔe be menye atike aɖe gbɔe nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxia tso o la, wò ɖɔkta aɖo wò ɖe Nuƒoƒo ƒe Dɔléleŋutinunyala (SLP) gbɔ.SLP nye amesi bi ɖe nuƒoƒo, gbegbɔgblɔ, kple kadodo ƒe kuxiwo me. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, wole abe ɖɔkta si bi ɖe nuƒoƒo me ene.

Ne èdo go kple SLP la, woada viwòa kpɔ le mɔ vovovowo nu:

• Wobia tso ɖevia si be wòagblɔ gbeɖiɖi aɖewo kple nya aɖewo koŋ.
• Ne èle fefem kple ɖevia, le nu ƒom kplii, eye nèle eƒe nuƒoƒo me tom le dzeɖoɖo si sɔ me.
• Wowɔa Dɔlélewo Ŋuti Dodokpɔ si Woɖo Ðe Ðoɖo Nu. Esiawo nye dodokpɔ siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le etɔxɛe.
• Wobua ɖevia ƒe atikewɔwɔ ŋutinya, abe vidzidzi kaba kple to me dɔlékui siwo wòxɔ va yi ene ŋu.
• Dzro eme nenye be nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxiwo nɔ ƒomea me dometɔ aɖe ŋu.
• Woléa ŋku ɖe nu ƒe wɔwɔme abe aɖuwo kple aɖu ene ŋu be kuxi aɖeke le eŋu si ate ŋu anɔ nu gblẽm le nɔnɔme sia ŋu hã.
• Wobua ɖevia ƒe gbeɖiɖi kple gbetagbe ŋu.
• Lé ŋku ɖe ɖevia ƒe nu, aɖe, kple nuyi ƒe ʋuʋu ŋu ne èle nu ƒom.

Ne wozã ŋkuléleɖenuŋu siawo kple dodokpɔ siwo wowɔ tsɔ dia dɔlélea la, SLP ate ŋu anya nenye be Articulation Disorder, Phonological Disorder, alo nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxi bubu aɖe le ame aɖe ŋu.

Woateŋu ade `(Articulation Disorder)` sia ƒe sesẽ hã hatsotsowo me, tso ``fafɛ`` va ɖo ``sesẽ``. Mɔ vovovowo li siwo dzi woato adzidze eƒe sesẽme sia:

• Ðevia ƒe nuƒoƒo ƒe akpa nenie SLP ate ŋu ase?
• Xexlẽdzesiwo ƒe dzidzenu, le kpɔɖeŋu me, tso 1 va ɖo 10.
• Agbegbegbeɖiɖi siwo woyɔ nyuie ƒe alafa memamã.

Aleke nèdaa Articulation Disorder aɖee?

Be woada Articulation Disorder la, viwòa ƒe SLP ate ŋu aɖo aɖaŋu na wò be wòazã nuƒoƒo ƒe atikewɔwɔ . Esiae nye atikewɔwɔ si bɔ wu eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie wu. Viwòa awɔ dɔ kple SLP le woƒe nuƒoƒo me le kpekpe siwo wowɔna edziedzi me (zi ɖeka alo zi eve le kwasiɖa me). Woana kamedede kple dɔwɔna siwo woawɔ le aƒeme hã wo. Wò kpekpeɖeŋu abe dzila ene le vevie ŋutɔ le afisia.

Le Nuƒoƒo ƒe Dɔdamɔnu me la, ɖevia ƒe SLP kpena ɖe ɖevia ŋu to dɔwɔna kple kamedede vovovowo zazã me. Wowɔa esiawo le fefemɔ nu, le mɔ si ana ɖevia doa dzidzɔ nɛ nu:

• De dzesi gbeɖiɖi siwo mate ŋu agblɔ o.
• Dzra alesi nèwɔa gbeɖiɖi ma (alesi nèɖoa wò nu, aɖe, kple nuyiwo ɖe teƒe ɖeka) ɖo.
• Gbugbɔ srɔ̃ aɖaŋu siwo kpɔa nuƒoƒo ƒe akpa siwo wɔa dɔ dzi (le kpɔɖeŋu me, alesi woaʋuʋu aɖe nyuie, alesi woatrɔ asi le nuyiwo ŋu nyuie).
• Do ŋusẽ lãmeka siwo kpɔa gome le nuƒoƒo me.
• Te gbeɖiɖiwo wɔwɔ kple nyawo gbɔgblɔ le aƒeme.

Ðe woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe Articulation Disorder nua?

Le nyateƒe me la, mɔ aɖeke koŋ meli si dzi woato axe mɔ ɖe Articulation Disorder nu o. Elabena abe alesi míegblɔe va yi ene la, womekpɔ nusi koŋ gbɔ esia tso o. Gake la,Atikewɔwɔ kaba ate ŋu axe mɔ na nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxi aɖe be wòagagblẽ ɖe edzi alo akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nusɔsrɔ̃ kple hadomenuwɔnawo dzi o. Eya ta ne ède dzesi tɔtrɔ alo nya ƒaƒã aɖewo le viwòa ƒe nuƒoƒo me la, anyo wu be nàna woalé ŋku ɖe eŋu.

Aleke etsɔme anɔ na ɖevi si ŋu Articulation Disorder le?

Esia nye vɔvɔ̃ gãtɔ kekeake siwo le dzila geɖe me la dometɔ ɖeka. Wobua nuwo abe, "Ðe mía vi mate ŋu aƒo nu nyuie gbeɖe oa?" "Ðe woagblẽ wo ɖi le sukua?"

Gake nyateƒeae nye be, ne wokpɔ dɔlélea dze sii kaba eye wodze atikewɔwɔ gɔme nyuie (Nuƒoƒo ƒe Dɔdamɔnu) la, woate ŋu axe mɔ na nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxiwo be woagagblẽ ɖe edzi o eye woate ŋu aɖe ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe nusɔsrɔ̃ kple hadomekadodowo dzi dzi akpɔtɔ.

Ðevi si ŋu Articulation Disorder le ate ŋu asrɔ̃ alesi wòaɖo dze nyuie . Ðevi geɖe dzea nuƒoƒo nyuie ŋutɔ le atikewɔwɔ me. Gake le nɔnɔme siwo nu sẽ wu me la, ate ŋu ahiã be woazã nuƒoƒo ƒe atikewɔwɔ ɣeyiɣi didi. Exɔa ɣeyiɣi aɖe, gake ewɔa dɔ.

Ɣekaɣie wòle be makpɔ ɖɔkta?

Ne dzimaɖitsitsi aɖewo le viwòa ƒe nuƒoƒo alo dzeɖoɖo ƒe ŋutete ŋu la, mègaɣlae ɖe ɖokuiwò dzi o. Ðo dze kple wò ƒomea ƒe ɖɔkta alo ɖeviwo ƒe dɔdala. Kpɔ nyuie vevietɔ ne viwòa wɔ nu siwo gbɔna la dometɔ aɖe:

• Ne èle nuwɔna me kuxi aɖewo siwo ku ɖe nuƒoƒo ŋu ɖem fia (e.g., vɔvɔ̃ be yeaƒo nu, menye nuƒoƒo na ame bubuwo o).
• Le ƒe 4 alo 5 megbe gɔ̃ hã la, womeyɔa gbeɖiɖi aɖewo nyuie o, eye nyawo me mekɔna o.
• Ne èdzudzɔ gbeɖiɖi alo nya aɖewo siwo nègblɔna nyuie tsã la gbɔgblɔ .

Kpuie ko la, esesẽna na ɖevi si ŋu Articulation Disorder le be wòaɖe nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi aɖewo. Ne viwòa xɔ ƒe 4 alo 5 eye megate ŋu yɔa gbeɖiɖi aɖewo nyuie o, alo ne wò alo ame bubuwo le kuxi me tom le nya si gblɔm wòle gɔmesese me la, kpɔ egbɔ be yeƒo nu kple wò ɖeviwo ƒe dɔdala alo ƒomea ƒe ɖɔkta. Woate ŋu anya ne atikewɔwɔ me kuxi aɖe li alo nenye be ehiã be woaɖo ame ɖe nuƒoƒo kple gbegbɔgblɔ ŋuti dɔléleŋutinunyala (SLP) gbɔ hena nuƒoƒo ƒe atikewɔwɔ.

Nu vevitɔ kekeake siwo dzi wòle be nàɖo ŋkui tso ŋutinya sia me (Take-Home Message) .

Enyo, eyata nu vevi siwo dzi wòle be nàɖo ŋkui tso nusiwo ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe me la dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Articulation Disorder nye nɔnɔme si me ɖevi suewo mete ŋu yɔa nuƒoƒo ƒe gbeɖiɖi aɖewo nyuie o. Menye dɔlélee wònye o, ke boŋ enye nusi woate ŋu aɖɔ ɖo to hehexɔxɔ kple atikewɔwɔ me .
• Ne viwòa megale nu ƒom nyuie o kokoko hafi wòxɔ ƒe 4-5 la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be nàdi atikewɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo . Zi alesi wokpɔ dɔlélea kabae la, zi nenemae wònɔa bɔbɔe be woadae dzidzedzetɔe.
• Articulation Disorder kple Phonological Disorder nye nu vovovo eve. Eyata nuka tututue nye kuxia?Ele vevie be Nuƒoƒo Kple Gbegbɔgblɔ Ŋuti Dɔléleŋutinunyala (SLP) nakpɔ dɔlélea.
• Ne èdze atikewɔwɔ gɔme kaba, i.e., nuƒoƒo ƒe atikewɔwɔ, ate ŋu awɔ akpa gã aɖe le kpekpeɖeŋu nana viwòa be wòasrɔ̃ nuƒoƒo eme nakɔ. Ate ŋu aɖe ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe woƒe sukudɔdasiwo, fefe kple xɔlɔ̃wo, kple kakaɖeamedzi ɖe wo ɖokui dzi hã dzi akpɔtɔ.
• Togbɔ be womekpɔ nusi tututu gbɔ nɔnɔme sia tso o hã la, atikewɔmɔnu siwo wɔa dɔ ŋutɔ li . Eyata mègatsi dzi o. Woate ŋu akpe ɖe viwòa ŋu.

Nu vevitɔ kekeakee nye be menye wò ɖeka koe le eme o. Ðɔktawo kple nuƒoƒo kple gbegbɔgblɔ ƒe dɔléleŋutinunyalawo (SLP) li be yewoakpe ɖe mia kple viwòa ŋu. Eyata ƒo nu tso nyabiase, vɔvɔ̃, alo dzimaɖitsitsi ɖe sia ɖe si ate ŋu anɔ ŋuwò la ŋu na wo. Viwòa ƒe alɔgbɔnukoko dzeani kple nuƒoƒo si me kɔ hã le vevie na mí nenema ke!

` Nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxiwo, Nyagbɔgblɔ ƒe kuxiwo, Ðeviwo ƒe Nuƒoƒo, Nyayɔyɔ, Nuƒoƒo ƒe Dɔdamɔnu, SLP, Ðeviwo ƒe Lãmesẽ