Ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe dɔla gãtɔ: Nusi wòle be nànya tso Glutamate ŋu!

Èbu alesi nyatakakawo yia ŋgɔ kple megbe le wò ahɔhɔ̃ me ŋu kpɔa? Ne míesrɔ̃ nu yeye aɖe, ne míeɖo ŋku nu xoxo aɖe dzi la, atikewo ƒe dɔla sue aɖe si le vevie ŋutɔ la nɔa anyi si kpena ɖe mía ŋu míewɔa nusiawo katã tso megbe. Woyɔa ema be Glutamate . Le nyateƒe me la, ema manɔmee la, míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃a anye tɔtɔ. Eyata egbea míaƒo nu tso nusi Glutamate sia nye, dɔ siwo wòwɔna le míaƒe ŋutilã me, vevietɔ le ahɔhɔ̃ me, nusita wòle vevie ŋutɔ, gake kuxi siwo ate ŋu ado mo ɖa ɣeaɖewoɣi ne eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe edzi alo dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ hã ŋu. Kpuie ko la, míaƒo nu tso nusiawo katã ŋu le mɔ si gɔme nàte ŋu ase nu.

Nuka tututue nye Glutamate?

Kpuie ko la, Glutamate nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ . Bu ahɔhɔ̃mekawo be wonye dɔla sue siwo tsɔa gbedasiwo yia ahɔhɔ̃mekawo (ahɔhɔ̃mekawo) dome le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me. Esiawoe tsɔa nyatakakawo kple dzesiwo tso lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ɖeka me yia bubu me.

Le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me la, glutamate ye nye ahɔhɔ̃meka vevitɔ si doa ŋusẽ ame . "Excitatory" fia be eʋãa lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi aɖe, si fia be "enyɔnɛ." Emegbe alesi wòanya wɔ be gbedasi ma nayi lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi si kplɔe ɖo gbɔ dzina ɖe edzi. Ðeko wòle abe ɖe nènyɔ ame aɖe to eƒe ʋɔtru ƒoƒo me ene. Eyata glutamate hiã vevie hafi ahɔhɔ̃a nate ŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie.

Fifia ɖewohĩ ànɔ alesi wowɔa glutamate siae kple afisi wowɔa glutamate sia le ŋu bum. Lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛ aɖe si woyɔna be glial cells gbugbɔa glutamate zãna hewɔnɛ yeyee le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me . Glial cells nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi aɖe si kpena ɖe ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo le ahɔhɔ̃a me ŋu, naa nunyiame wo, eye wokpɔa wo ta. Glial lãmenugbagbevi siawo xɔa glutamate si wozã la hetrɔnɛ wòzua atike bubu si woyɔna be glutamine . Emegbe ne glutamine sia gaɖo lãmekawo ƒe nuwuƒe la, egatrɔna zua glutamate. Ðe menye mɔ̃ si wɔ nuku ŋutɔe wònye oa?

Menye ema ɖeɖeko o, ke glutamate hã le vevie ŋutɔ na ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vevi bubu si nye gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) wɔwɔ . Wonya GABA be ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔlékui si "nana ame ƒe dzi dzea eme". GABA kpena ɖe ame ŋu le nuwo abe alɔ̃dɔdɔ, ɖiɖiɖeme, dzimaɖitsitsi dzi ɖuɖu, kple lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Eyata togbɔ be glutamate le ʋuʋum le akpa ɖeka hã la, ekpena ɖe ame ŋu hã be wowɔa nusi naa ame ƒe dzi dzea eme le akpa kemɛ.

Menye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ koe glutamate nye o. Enye amino acid hã. Amino acidwoe nye proteinwo ƒe xɔtunu veviwo. Abe xɔtunuwo ene. Glutamate ye nye amino acid si bɔ ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã me wu. Le ŋutilã me la, wowɔa Glutamate eye wodzranae ɖo ɖe lãmekawo me.

Azɔ hã, ɖewohĩ èse glutamate ŋkɔ wu le nuɖuɖu si wotsɔ kpe ɖe nuɖuɖu ŋu si nye monosodium glutamate (MSG) ta . Glutamate le nuɖuɖuvivinu si nye MSG hã me.

Eyata aleke glutamate sia wɔa dɔe? Ewɔ nuku ŋutɔ!

Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋutɔe wɔa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo abe glutamate ene. Wodzraa wo ɖo ɖe kotoku suesuesue siwo woyɔna be synaptic vesicles me le lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ƒe axon ƒe nuwuƒe. Bu esiawo be wonye kuɖɔ suesuesuewo. Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe molecule akpe geɖe ate ŋu anɔ kuɖɔ ɖeka me!

Fifia ne gbedasi alo dzesi aɖe zɔ to lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi aɖe me la, elektrikŋusẽ si le dzesi ma ŋu nana be ʋuka sue mawo siwo me glutamate yɔ fũu la ʋuna eye woɖea asi le glutamate la ŋu wòzua dometsotso sue aɖe si me tsi yɔ fũ si woyɔna be synapse si le lãmeka eve dome. Ele abe tɔdzisasrã ene. Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbevi si kplɔe ɖo le dometsotso sia ƒe akpa kemɛ. Fifia ele be glutamate sia nayi aɖabla ɖe lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubu si xɔa gbedasia la ƒe lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛ siwo xɔa gbedasi la ŋu. Ele abe safui si ge ɖe gaxɔ me ene. Ne wonya do ƒome ko la, glutamate la hea tɔtrɔ alo dɔwɔwɔ aɖe vɛ le lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ma si kplɔe ɖo me. Ɣemaɣie gbedasia yia edzi nɔa zɔzɔm tso lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi me yia lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi me.

To vovo na ahɔhɔ̃meka bubu akpa gãtɔ la, glutamate ate ŋu abla ɖe lãmenugbagbevi vovovo ene ŋu ! Bu eŋu be enye gaƒoɖokui ene ʋuʋu kple safui gã ɖeka. Ŋutete sia nana glutamate kpɔa ŋusẽ vovovowo ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a katã dzi eye wòɖoa dze kple lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo. Glutamate ye wɔa nusiwo wu 90% le dzidzɔdonamedɔ si le amegbetɔ ƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me. Àte ŋu akpɔ ale si gbegbe ema le vevie la le susu mea?

Le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me la, lãmekawo ƒoa ƒu wɔa nutome suesuesuewo. Nutome sue siawo kpena ɖe ame ŋu le dɔ suewo abe ŋkuɖoɖo ŋkuɖodzinyawo dzi ene me. Eye, network siwo lolo wu, siwo keke ta wu kpena ɖe ame ŋu le dɔ gã sesẽwo abe nukpɔkpɔ, nusese, kple ʋuʋu ene me. Glutamate ye nye ahɔhɔ̃meka vevitɔ si tsɔa atikewo ƒe gbedasiwo to nutome kple kadodo siawo me. Alesi glutamate wɔa dɔ le lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo dome kadodoa me doa ŋusẽ kadodo ƒe dzesi si le lãmenugbagbevi siawo dome alo gbɔdzɔna. Ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe alesi wowɔa dɔ si sɔ la dzi tẽ. Ne womeɖe glutamate ɖe go le ɣeyiɣi nyuitɔ dzi, le teƒe siwo sɔ, kple le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me o la, kadodoa me gblẽna. Nenema ke ne glutamate va sɔ gbɔ akpa la, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu eye wòagblẽ kadodomɔnua ŋutɔ hã.

Subɔsubɔdɔ kae glutamate wɔna na míaƒe ŋutilã?

Dɔ vevi siwo glutamate wɔna le míaƒe ŋutilã me dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi:Abe alesi míegblɔe va yi ene la, esi wònye be ate ŋu awɔ dɔ kple dɔlékuiwutike vovovo ene ta la, mɔnukpɔkpɔ geɖe wu le glutamate si be wòaɖo gbedasiwo ɖe lãmekawo dome dzidzedzetɔe kabakaba. Dzesiwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ kabakaba sia kple nyatakakawo ŋudɔwɔwɔ le vevie ŋutɔ na nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi. Menye ema ɖeɖeko o, ke glutamate hã nana lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo te ŋu doa ka kple nyatakaka siwo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo. Esiae nye nusi dzi woanɔ te ɖo aɖo ŋku nu dzi. Bu eŋu kpɔ, ne èsrɔ̃ nu yeye aɖe la, mɔ yeyewo dzɔna le ahɔhɔ̃a me.
• Ŋusẽtsoƒe na ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbeviwo: Ne sukli, si nye míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ŋusẽtsoƒe vevitɔ, mesɔ gbɔ o la, glutamate ate ŋu ana ŋusẽ ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbeviwo. Ele abe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ si wotsɔ dzraa nu ɖo ene.
• Atikewo ƒe dɔla: Esiae nye eƒe dɔ vevitɔ. Glutamate kpena ɖe ame ŋu wòɖoa atikewo ƒe gbedasiwo ɖe lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo dome.
• Alɔ̃dɔdɔ-nyɔnyrɔ̃ ƒe tsatsam dzikpɔkpɔ: Le lãwo ŋuti numekukuwo nu la, glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzina ɖe edzi ne míele ŋudzɔ kple le alɔ̃dɔdɔ ƒe ``Ŋku ƒe Ʋuʋu Kaba'' (REM) ƒe akpaa me. Alɔ̃dɔdɔ nyuie le vevie na agbe nyui nɔnɔ.
• Vevesese ƒe dzesi: Kadodo aɖe le glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe edzi kple vevesese ƒe dzesi ƒe dzidziɖedzi dome. Esia fia be ne míexɔ abi la, ekpena ɖe mía ŋu hã be míagblɔ vevesese ma na ahɔhɔ̃a.

Aleke glutamate dzina ɖe edzi le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me?

Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ akpa. Susu geɖewo ate ŋu anɔ esia ta:

• Glutamate ƒe dodo tso lãmekawo me fũ akpa .
• Glutamate dona tso glial lãmenugbagbeviwo me tẽ le ahɔhɔ̃a me, si wɔnɛ be glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa le ahɔhɔ̃a me kpena ɖe eŋu.
• Glutamate si sɔ gbɔ la gakpɔtɔ le dometsotso sue si le lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo (synapse) dome la me. Emegbe, glutamate-xɔla geɖe gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm, eye woate ŋu ayi edzi anɔ dɔ wɔm na lãmekawo.
• Lãmenugbagbevi siwo xɔa lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmekawo me la va sea veve ɖe glutamate nu akpa . Esia fia be wowɔa glutamate molecule sue aɖewo gɔ̃ hã tsɔ doa ŋusẽ wo.

Nukae dzɔna ne glutamate dzi ɖe edzi? Esia nye afɔku!

Ne glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le ahɔhɔ̃a me dzi ɖe edzi akpa la, lãmekawo ate ŋu aʋã akpa. Dɔlékuiwutike sia si gbɔ eme ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbeviwo ŋu alo awu wo gɔ̃ hã . Le go sia me la, woyɔa glutamate be excitotoxin . Eyae nye be ewɔa dɔ abe nusi doa ŋusẽ ame kple aɖi ene le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me.

Wogblɔ be glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe edzi le ahɔhɔ̃a me do ƒome kple atikewɔwɔ me nɔnɔme geɖe, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Amyotrophic Axadzi Ʋuʋudedi - Lou Gehrig ƒe dɔléle):Le go sia me la, lãmekawo gbɔdzɔna vivivi.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Dɔléle si gblẽa nu le lãmekawo ŋu.
• Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle: Ðewohĩ èse eŋu nya kpɔ, si nye dɔléle si bɔ si nana ame ƒe ŋku megaɖoa ŋku nu dzi o.
• Parkinson ƒe dɔléle: Egblẽa nu le ŋutilã ƒe ʋuʋu ŋu, woate ŋu akpɔ dzesiwo abe abɔ kple afɔwo ƒe ʋuʋu ene.
• Huntington ƒe dɔléle: Dɔléle si ƒe dome míenyi si gblẽa ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbeviwo dome.
• Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ: Nɔnɔme si dona tso ʋu ƒe sisi ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a me ƒe nutsotso ta.
• Fibromyalgia: Ehea vevesese kple ɖeɖiteameŋu vɛ le ŋutilã bliboa me.
• Ðeɖiteameŋu si nɔa anyi didi: Ðeɖiteameŋu si gbɔ eme ɣeyiɣi didi.

Susu ƒe lãmesẽkuxi aɖewo hã li siwo wosusu be kuxi siwo le glutamate wɔwɔ alo ezazã me gbɔe wòtsona:

• Seselelãme kple dzimaɖitsitsi ƒe kuxiwo .
• Autism ƒe dɔléle .
• Teteɖeanyi .
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) nye dɔléle si ƒe dzesi enye tamesusu kple nuwɔna siwo womedi o .
Tagbɔdɔléle nye seselelãme .

Vevietɔ: Togbɔ be glutamate ƒe dadasɔmasɔ ate ŋu anye nɔnɔme siawo dometɔ ɖeka hã la, nɔnɔme siawo nye nɔnɔme sesẽ siwo ate ŋu ahe nu bubu geɖe vɛ. Ðɔkta koe ate ŋu akpɔ dɔlélea nyuie.

Eyata nukae adzɔ ne glutamate dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ?

Tsɔ kpe ɖe glutamate ƒe dzidziɖedzi ŋu la, glutamate ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le ahɔhɔ̃a me hã nye kuxi. Wosusu be esia ate ŋu ahe nya siwo gbɔna vɛ:

• Trouble concentrating : Esesẽna be wò susu nanɔ dɔ alo nusɔsrɔ̃ ŋu.
• Ðeɖiteameŋu le susu me : Ðeɖi te ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu ŋutɔ.
• Alɔ̃madɔmadɔ : Alɔ̃dɔdɔ sesẽna le zã me.
• Ŋusẽ si mebɔ o : Sese le ame ɖokui me be naneke mele afima o.

Mlɔeba la, nusi dzi nàɖo ŋkui (Take-Home Message) .

Eyata, ɖewohĩ èse alesi gbegbe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si nye glutamate le vevie eye wòhiã vevie na míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ kple lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ gɔme azɔ. Glutamate wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me, vevietɔ le nuwo abe nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ene ƒe nɔnɔme wɔwɔ me.

Gake nu vevitɔ kekeakee nye be ele be glutamate nanɔ anyi le ɣeyiɣi nyuitɔ dzi, le teƒe siwo sɔ, kple le agbɔsɔsɔ nyuitɔ me.Ne glutamate le ahɔhɔ̃a me, le teƒe si mesɔ o, le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ gbɔ akpa, ɣeyiɣi didi akpa la, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbeviwo ŋu alo awu wo gɔ̃ hã. Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu siwo ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe dometɔ aɖewo, abe Parkinson ƒe dɔléle, Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle, kple Huntington ƒe dɔléle ene, do ƒome kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa sia. Kuxi siwo dona tso glutamate wɔwɔ alo eŋudɔwɔwɔ me hã ate ŋu ado ƒome kple susu ƒe lãmesẽkuxiwo, abe autism, blanuiléle, kple tagbɔdɔléle ene.

Eyata ele vevie ŋutɔ be míanya atikewo ƒe dɔla wɔnuku sia si le míaƒe ŋutilã me. Ne kuxi alo ɖikeke aɖe le ŋuwò le esia ŋu la, anyo wu be nàdi atikewɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo. Elabena nusiawo katã dadasɔ nye nu vevitɔ kekeake na agbe si me lãmesẽ le.

` Glutamate, Ahɔhɔ̃, Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo, Ŋkuɖodzi, Nusɔsrɔ̃, MSG, Susu ƒe Lãmesẽ, Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔléle