The joy you feel when you find out you're going to be a mother is indescribable, right? But at the same time, you also feel a little curious and a little scared. "What will happen now?", "What changes will my body feel?", "Is the baby okay?" These are probably many questions on your mind. That's why today we're talking about the most important and crucial part of pregnancy, the first three months, or the first trimester. This period starts from the first day of your last period and lasts until the end of 13 weeks. Having a good understanding of what happens during this time will help you prepare for the months ahead.
The changes you feel in your body during this time
Pregnancy is not the same experience for every woman. Some people find the first three months to be very healthy and enjoyable. For others, this time can be a bit difficult. Let's take a look at some of the common changes you may experience during this time, what they mean, and what symptoms should prompt you to see a doctor.
| Body change/symptom | Simple explanation and instructions |
|---|---|
| Slight vaginal bleeding | This happens to about 25% of pregnant women. This can happen when the embryo implants in the uterus. However, if there is heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or stabbing pain , it could be a sign of miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy. See your doctor immediately. |
| Breast pain and tenderness | This is one of the first signs of pregnancy. This happens when the breasts are preparing to produce milk for the baby due to hormonal changes. Wearing a slightly larger, more supportive bra may help. |
| Constipation | High levels of the hormone progesterone slow down the movement of food. Iron supplements can also cause this. Eat more fiber-rich foods (legumes, vegetables, and fruits) and drink plenty of water throughout the day. It's also a good idea to get some exercise. If this is a big problem, talk to your doctor about a mild laxative that's safe for pregnancy. |
| Vaginal discharge | It's normal to have a milky, thin discharge (Leukorrhea). But if it has a bad smell, is green or yellow, or is a lot of clear fluid, tell your doctor . |
| Fatigue and sleepiness | Your body is working hard to build a new life now. So it's normal to get tired quickly. Take a nap during the day and rest. If you have anemia due to iron deficiency, your fatigue may increase. So take the iron tablets your doctor prescribes. |
| Appetite and desire to eat | During this time, you may experience cravings for certain foods, and some foods may be unpleasant. As long as you eat a nutritious diet, it's okay to indulge in a favorite food every now and then. However, if you develop a craving for things that are not edible (pica), such as clay, chalk, or laundry soap , it can be dangerous. Tell your doctor right away. |
| Frequent urination | Even though the baby is still small, your uterus is getting bigger, which puts pressure on your bladder. That's why you need to go to the toilet more often. Don't cut down on drinking water, but cut down on drinking things like coffee and tea before bed at night. |
| Heartburn | During this time, the hormone progesterone can increase the risk of acid reflux. Instead of eating a large meal at once, eat small meals several times a day. Don't lie down after eating. Reduce oily, spicy, and sour foods. Keep your head slightly elevated with two or three pillows while sleeping. |
| Mood Swings | Hormonal changes and stress can make you feel happy one moment and sad or scared the next. This is normal. Talk to your partner, a friend, or a family member about this. If you are feeling very stressed, it is also a good idea to seek professional counseling. |
| Morning Sickness | This is a very common symptom. The cause is hormonal changes. It is most noticeable in the morning. Eating something dry (rusks, crackers) before getting out of bed, drinking ginger water, and drinking small amounts of water throughout the day can help. If vomiting is so severe that you cannot eat or drink anything , your baby may not be getting enough nutrition. If this happens, see a doctor. |
A word about weight gain
It's good to gain weight during pregnancy, but it's not good to gain too much. On average, you should gain about 1.5 to 2.5 kilograms during the first 3 months. You don't need to "eat for two." You only need a small amount of extra calories during this time, about 150 calories a day. Get that from fruits, vegetables, milk, and nutritious foods.
The amazing journey of a baby growing in the womb
During these first 13 weeks, a tiny fertilized egg becomes a fully formed fetus. All of the baby's major organs and systems begin to form during this time. This means that this is a very sensitive time for the baby . You need to be very careful because things like drugs , some diseases, and radiation can harm the baby.
Imagine how much can happen in a baby's world in this short time!
- The fertilized egg becomes a mass of rapidly dividing cells and implants in the uterus. The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac begin to form.
- The baby's nervous system is developing into a brain and spinal cord. Nerves and muscles are starting to work together. Although the baby can move on its own, it's still too early for you to feel it.
- The little heart is forming and starting to beat. This heartbeat can be heard on an ultrasound scan as early as 6 weeks. The heart beats about 120-160 times per minute.
- The digestive system, intestines, and kidneys are forming. Although major organs like the lungs are forming, they are not fully developed.
- A soft skeleton begins to form.
- The shape of a little baby is emerging, with arms, legs, and fingers. The face is forming with eyes, ears, a nose, and a mouth. The eyelids are closing, and even fingernails are forming.
- Even though the genitals are starting to develop, it's still too early to tell from a scan whether it's a boy or a girl.
By the end of this first trimester, your baby is a tiny little thing, about 2.5 - 3 inches long.
Things you need to do in these first 3 months
While enjoying this time, there are a few practical things you should definitely do.
- Choose your doctor: Choose an obstetrician who is right for you and whom you trust.
- Go to the antenatal clinic: As soon as you find out you're pregnant, see a doctor and register. At the first appointment, they'll discuss your health history, perform the necessary blood and urine tests, and calculate your due date.
- Take folic acid: Folic acid is essential for the proper development of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Take the vitamin exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Take care of your diet : Eat a nutritious, balanced diet. Drink plenty of water.
- Get rid of bad habits: Completely stop smoking, alcohol, and drug use. Limit caffeinated beverages like coffee and tea.
- Exercise: Continue your usual exercise routine. But listen to your body. If necessary, change the nature of the exercise or take it a little easier, and consult your doctor.
- Think about how you'll share the news: Plan when and how you'll share this happy news with others. Some people prefer to wait until they hear the baby's heartbeat or until they've safely passed the first trimester.
Is it an emergency? Watch out for these signs!
Any of the following symptoms could be a sign of a serious problem in your pregnancy. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately, or go to the Emergency Department (ETU) of your nearest hospital, without waiting for your regular clinic date.
| Emergency symptoms that require immediate medical attention | |
|---|---|
| Severe abdominal pain | More than a normal stomach ache, an unbearable pain. |
| Excessive bleeding | Not just a few drops of blood, but heavy bleeding. |
| Severe dizziness | A feeling of dizziness or fainting that makes you unable to stand. |
| Unusual changes in weight | Gaining weight too quickly or not gaining weight. |
Take-Home Message
- The first three months of pregnancy are a time of great changes for you and your baby.
- Feeling tired, nauseous, and mood swings are very common during this time. Don't worry about it.
- However, be aware of warning signs like heavy bleeding and severe abdominal pain. If you experience any of these, see a doctor immediately.
- Follow your doctor's instructions exactly, go to clinics on time, and take the prescribed vitamins (especially folic acid).
- Nutritious food, adequate rest, and being happy will go a long way in helping you get through this time in good health.
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