Shin kana gajiya koyaushe? Shin fatarka tana yin baƙi? Bari mu koyi game da Cutar Addison!

Shin kana jin gajiya a kowane lokaci, kana jin kamar ba ka da rai, kuma launin fatarka yana canzawa a hankali? Wataƙila kana da wani irin sha'awar gishiri. Sau da yawa muna watsi da irin waɗannan alamun kamar na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, waɗannan na iya zama alamun wata cuta a cikin jikinmu wadda ba ta zama ruwan dare ba, amma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gane ta daidai. A yau muna magana ne game da irin wannan cuta mai wuya, amma idan aka kula da ita yadda ya kamata, za ka iya rayuwa ta yau da kullun. Wannan ita ce Cutar Addison .

A taƙaice dai, menene cutar Addison?

To, bari mu yi bayani a sauƙaƙe. Muna da ƙananan gland guda biyu masu siffar triangular, kamar hula, a saman kodanmu. Muna kiran waɗannan gland ɗin adrenal . Waɗannan muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine ɗinmu.

Cutar Addison cuta ce da ke faruwa a lokacin da glandar adrenal ba ta samar da isassun muhimman hormones guda biyu ba, wato cortisol da aldosterone .

Me muke buƙatar waɗannan hormones guda biyu?

• Cortisol: Wannan wani sinadari ne da ke da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwa. Yana taimaka wa jikinmu wajen jure wa damuwa, kamar lokacin da muke rashin lafiya, idan muka yi haɗari, ko kuma idan muka yi tiyata. Yana kuma taimakawa wajen daidaita hawan jini, bugun zuciya, aikin garkuwar jiki, da kuma matakan glucose a cikin jini.

• Aldosterone: Wannan hormone yana taimakawa wajen daidaita ma'adanai sodium (gishiri) da potassium a jikinmu. Yana kuma sarrafa yawan ruwan da kodanmu ke fitarwa a matsayin fitsari. Wannan kuma yana shafar hawan jininmu kai tsaye.

Ana kuma kiran cutar Addison da rashin isasshen adrenal . Akwai wani yanayi mai alaƙa da wannan, wanda ake kira rashin isasshen adrenal na sakandare . A cikin wannan yanayin, glandar pituitary a cikin kwakwalwa ba ta fitar da isasshen hormone ACTH ba, wanda ke motsa glandar adrenal don samar da cortisol. Amma a yau galibi muna magana ne game da matsalar da ke faruwa a cikin glandar adrenal da kansu.

Bambanci tsakanin cutar Addison da cutar Cushing

Wataƙila waɗannan sunaye biyu sun ruɗe ka. Waɗannan biyun yanayi ne daban-daban.

Wa ya fi kamuwa da wannan cuta? Yaya aka yi ta yaɗuwa?

Duk da cewa cutar Addison na iya shafar mutane na kowane zamani, ta fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 30 zuwa 50 .

Wannan a zahiri yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba . Misali, a Amurka, wannan cuta tana shafar kusan mutum ɗaya cikin mutum dubu ɗari. Amma akwai mutanen da ke ɗauke da wannan cutar a ƙasarmu ma.

Akwai mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta. Waɗannan su ne mutanen da ke da wasu cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki . Wato, cututtukan da garkuwar jikinmu ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu. Idan muna da irin waɗannan cututtuka, haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Addison ya fi yawa.

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Menene alamun cutar Addison?

A cikin cutar Addison, lalacewar glandar adrenal sau da yawa tana faruwa a hankali, akan lokaci. Saboda haka, alamun suna bayyana a hankali. Waɗannan alamun na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum.

Mata kuma na iya fuskantar alamu kamar rashin jinin al'ada, asarar gashi a jiki, da kuma raguwar sha'awar jima'i.

Alamomin rikicin Addisonian:

• Rauni mai ban mamaki, wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba.
• Ba zato ba tsammani, ciwo mai tsanani a ƙasan baya, ciki, ko ƙafafu.
• Sauye-sauyen tunani kamar rashin natsuwa, ruɗani, da kuma jin tsoro.
• Amai mai tsanani da gudawa (wannan na iya haifar da bushewar jiki cikin sauri).
• Hawan jini yana raguwa sosai.
• Rashin sani.

Idan kai ko wani da ka sani ya fuskanci waɗannan alamun, kai su nan take zuwa Sashen Gaggawa na Asibiti mafi kusa (ETU).

Mene ne musabbabin cutar Addison?

Babban kuma mafi yawan sanadin cutar Addison shine amsawar autoimmune.A taƙaice dai, tsarin tsaronmu (tsarin garkuwar jiki) yana kai hari da lalata ɓangaren waje na glandar adrenal ɗinmu (adrenal cortex). Ba a san ainihin dalilin da ya sa hakan ke faruwa ba tukuna. Alamomin suna fara bayyana bayan an lalata kusan kashi 90% na waɗannan gland ɗin. Wannan na iya ɗaukar watanni, ko ma shekaru.

Wannan shine dalilin kashi 75% na marasa lafiya na Addison.

Sauran dalilai marasa wuya:

• Ciwon Tarin Fuka: Wannan babban dalili ne a baya. Har yanzu yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
• Cututtuka masu sake faruwa: Cututtuka masu alaƙa da cutar HIV/AIDS da cututtukan fungal.
• Ciwon daji: Yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa daga wani wuri zuwa glandar adrenal.
• Zubar jini a cikin glandar adrenal.
• Cire glandon adrenal na tiyata.
• Amyloidosis: Cutar da wani nau'in furotin ke taruwa a cikin gabobi kuma yana lalata su.

Yaya ake gane wannan cuta? (Ganewar asali)

Saboda alamun suna bayyana a hankali kuma suna kama da na sauran cututtuka da yawa, cutar Addison na iya zama da wahala a gano ta a farkon matakai. Sau da yawa, ana gano cutar "ba zato ba tsammani." Likitoci na iya zargin hakan idan suka ga ƙarancin sinadarin sodium da yawan sinadarin potassium a cikin jini yayin gwajin jini na yau da kullun don wata cuta. Haka kuma, yawan launin fata babban alama ce da ke haifar da zargin wannan cuta.

Idan likitanka yana zargin hakan bisa ga alamun cutar, zai yi odar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da dama don tabbatar da cutar.

Gwaje-gwajen Ganewa:

• Gwaje-gwajen jini: Gwaje-gwajen jini suna auna matakan sinadarin sodium, potassium, cortisol, da ACTH. A cikin cutar Addison, cortisol yana da ƙasa kuma matakan ACTH suna da yawa.
• Gwajin motsa jiki na ACTH: Wannan shine babban gwajin da ake amfani da shi don tabbatar da ganewar asali. A cikin wannan gwajin, ana ba da hormone ACTH na roba a matsayin allura, kuma ana auna matakin cortisol a cikin jininka bayan awa ɗaya. Idan glandar adrenal ɗinka tana da lafiya, matakin cortisol ɗinka ya kamata ya ƙaru. Amma, idan ba haka ba, yana tabbatar da cewa glandar adrenal ɗinka ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata.
• Gwajin hypoglycemia da insulin ke haifarwa: Ana yin wannan gwajin ne don gano ko alamun cutar sun samo asali ne daga matsala da glandar pituitary.
• CT scan: Ana iya yin CT scan don duba ko glandar adrenal ɗinku ta lalace, ta kamu, ko kuma ta ragu a girmanta.

Yaya ake yi masa magani?

Babban hanyar magance cutar Addison ita ce,Maganin Sauya Hormone (HRT) tsari ne na maye gurbin hormones marasa ƙarfi na jiki ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin roba.

• Ana ba da magani mai suna hydrocortisone maimakon hormone cortisol .
• Ana ba da magani mai suna fludrocortisone maimakon hormone aldosterone .

Yawan shan waɗannan magunguna ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Haka kuma, likitanka zai iya ƙara yawan shan maganin na ɗan lokaci don hana rikicin Addisonian idan ka fuskanci wani yanayi mai wahala, kamar kamuwa da cuta, haɗari, ko tiyata.

Idan kana shan fludrocortisone, likitanka zai shawarce ka da ka ƙara ɗan gishiri a cikin abincinka, musamman a lokacin zafi, gumi da kuma bayan motsa jiki mai tsanani.

Rayuwa da cutar da abin da ya kamata ka yi

Da magani mai kyau, wanda ke dauke da cutar Addison zai iya rayuwa mai kyau da koshin lafiya . Duk da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye adadin maganin da ya dace.

Idan maganin ya yi yawa, illa kamar kiba, ciwon suga na nau'in 2, osteoporosis, da hawan jini na iya faruwa. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a riƙa zuwa wurin likitanka akai-akai (sau da yawa likitan endocrinologist) kuma a yi gwaje-gwajen da suka dace don kiyaye daidai adadin maganin.

Abubuwan da ya kamata ku yi don kare lafiyarku:

• Kullum ka sanya katin shaida ko abin wuya/abin lura na likita. Wannan zai taimaka wa ma'aikatan lafiya su san cewa kana da cutar Addison idan ka rasa sani a cikin gaggawa.
• Yi magana da likitanka game da ajiye allurar cortisol a hannu idan akwai gaggawa. Haka kuma, koya wa wani ɗan uwa ko ƙaunatacce yadda ake yi maka allurar.
• Tambayi likitanka abin da za ka yi idan kana jin rashin lafiya ko kuma kana cikin damuwa mai yawa. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ana iya buƙatar daidaita yawan maganin da za ka sha.
• Ci gaba da ganin likitanka.

Sanin cewa kana da wata cuta mai tsanani na iya zama abin damuwa a motsin rai. Amma labari mai daɗi shine cewa cutar Addison tana da kyau sosai idan aka yi amfani da magunguna. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ka ci gaba da tuntuɓar likitanka akai-akai kuma ka sami maganin da kake buƙata.