Bari mu yi magana game da nau'ikan cutar rashin jini da ba a saba gani ba.

Kwayoyin jinin ja sune ayyukan isar da iskar oxygen zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta da kyallen jikinka. Ka yi tunanin me zai faru idan wannan hidimar isar da iskar oxygen bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba? Jikinka ba ya samun iskar oxygen da yake buƙata. A lokacin ne muke fara jin gajiya, gajiya, da kuma ƙarancin numfashi. A taƙaice dai, wannan shine yanayin da muke kira anemia, ko kuma kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka sani, 'anemia.'

Idan muka yi tunanin cutar rashin jini, yawancinmu muna tunanin cutar rashin ƙarfe. Wannan ita ce nau'in da aka fi sani. Amma shin kun san cewa akwai nau'ikan cutar rashin jini da ba kasafai ake samun su ba waɗanda ƙananan mutane ne kawai ke kamuwa da su? A yau za mu yi magana game da wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan cutar rashin jini da ba mu ji labarinsu sosai ba.

Rashin Jini Mai Ƙarfi

Kwayoyin jinin jikinmu, wato jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da kuma platelets, ƙwayoyin halitta ne ke samar da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙashi. Ka yi tunanin ƙashin ƙashi a matsayin masana'anta da ke yin ƙwayoyin jini. Idan ma'aikatan wannan masana'anta, da ake kira ƙwayoyin halitta, suka lalace, ba za su iya samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jini ba. Wannan shine abin da muke kira aplastic anemia.

Wannan yanayin na iya kasancewa a lokacin haihuwa (ta hanyar gadon kwayar halitta daga iyaye), ko kuma yana iya tasowa daga baya. Nau'in farko da aka fi gani daga baya. Wani lokaci wannan na iya zama na ɗan lokaci.

Abubuwan da ka iya haifar da shi daga baya:

• Cututtukan garkuwar jiki kamar su lupus da rheumatoid arthritis.
• Shafawa ga sinadarai kamar magungunan kashe kwari, arsenic, da benzene.
• Cututtuka kamar hepatitis, cutar Epstein-Barr, da HIV.
• Magungunan radiation da chemotherapy don ciwon daji.

Bugu da ƙari, ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar cututtuka irin su cutar Fanconi. Ana iya ganin alamun kamar ƙarancin numfashi, jiri, ciwon kai, fatar jiki mai haske, ciwon ƙirji, da tachycardia. Jiyya sun haɗa da ƙarin jini da kuma dashen ƙwayoyin halitta .

Ciwon Jini na Sideroblastic

Wannan kuma cuta ce ta jini. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne jikinka ba zai iya amfani da ƙarfen da yake buƙata don samar da haemoglobin ba, furotin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Sai ƙarfen da ba a amfani da shi ba ya taru a cikin jiki, yana samar da wani nau'in ƙwayar jinin ja da ba a saba da shi ba da ake kira sideroblasts.

Akwai manyan nau'i biyu na wannan kuma:

1. Nau'in da aka samu: Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar wasu sinadarai ko magunguna.

2. Nau'in gado:Yana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta wanda ke shafar samar da haemoglobin.

Alamomi kamar ciwon ƙirji, bugun zuciya mai sauri, ciwon kai, ƙarancin numfashi, da kuma gajiya mai tsanani ana iya gani a duka nau'ikan biyu. Maganin ya dogara da dalilin. Idan wani magani ko sinadarai ne ya haifar da shi, ya kamata a guji shi. Sauran jiyya sun haɗa da maganin bitamin B6 da dashen ƙashi.

Ciwon Myelodysplastic (MDS)

Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin nau'in ciwon daji. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne cewa bargon ƙashin ku ya lalace kuma ba zai iya samar da isassun ƙwayoyin jini masu lafiya ba.

Wasu mutane ana haihuwarsu da kwayar halitta da ke haifar da wannan cuta. Haka kuma, ƙaramin adadin mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar MDS bayan radiation ko chemotherapy saboda cutar kansa. Fuskantar sinadarai kamar benzene, wanda ake samu a cikin taba, shi ma yana haifar da haɗari.

Duk da cewa wasu mutane ba sa nuna alamun cutar, wasu na iya fuskantar waɗannan alamun:

Likitoci da likitocin jini suna kula da wannan yanayin. Zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun haɗa da maganin chemotherapy da dashen ƙwayoyin halitta.

Ciwon Hanta Mai Tsanani na Autoimmune

A taƙaice dai, garkuwar jikinka tana yin kuskuren gano ƙwayoyin jininka masu lafiya a matsayin maƙiya kuma tana fara lalata su. Suna lalacewa da sauri fiye da yadda ake samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Idan kana da cutar da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki kamar lupus, za ka iya kamuwa da wannan yanayin. Haka kuma wasu magunguna na iya haifar da shi, kamar penicillin. Alamomin sun haɗa da gajiya, farin ciki, bugun zuciya mai sauri, ƙarancin numfashi, sanyi, ciwon baya, da kuma launin rawaya na fata (jaundice). Akwai magunguna da za su iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa tsarin garkuwar jiki, kamar ba da steroids da kuma cire saifa ta hanyar tiyata.

Wasu nau'ikan anemia marasa yawa

Baya ga nau'ikan da aka tattauna a sama, akwai wasu nau'ikan rashin jini da dama da ba kasafai ake samun su ba.

Ciwon Jini na Dyserythropoietic (CDA)

Wannan nau'in rashin jini ne da ake gado. Yana faruwa ne sakamakon raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya a jiki. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda 4, kuma wasu mutane ba sa buƙatar magani. Duk da haka, dangane da tsananin cutar, ana iya buƙatar magunguna kamar ƙarin jini da kuma dashen ƙwayoyin halitta.

Anemia na Blackfan-Diamond

Wannan kuma cuta ce da ke faruwa sakamakon canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta. A wannan yanayin, bargon ƙashi ba ya iya samar da isassun ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Alamomin sun haɗa da bugun zuciya mai sauri, gajiya, fatar jiki mai launin fari, gajeriyar jiki, da kuma raunin ƙashi.

Megaloblastic anemia

A cikin wannan rashin jini, ƙashi yana samar da manyan ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ba su kai ba. Waɗannan ba za su iya ɗaukar iskar oxygen yadda ya kamata ba. Babban abin da ke haifar da hakan shi ne ƙarancin bitamin B12 ko bitamin B9 (folate) . Alamomin kamar jiri, gajiya, gudawa, tashin zuciya, da ciwon tsoka na iya faruwa. Ana ba da ƙarin bitamin B12 da B9 a matsayin magani.

Fanconi Anemia

Wannan kuma cuta ce ta gado. A wannan yanayin, ƙashi yana samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini. Alamomin sun haɗa da manyan yatsu, rauni/zubar da jini cikin sauƙi, kamuwa da cuta akai-akai, matsalolin zuciya da koda, da ƙaramin jiki da kai. Mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa, musamman nau'in ciwon daji na jini da ake kira AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) .