Shin jikinka yana lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jininka? Ga abin da kake buƙatar sani game da Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)!

Shin wani lokacin kana jin gajiya da kasala ba tare da wani dalili ba? Wataƙila fatar jikinka ta yi fari ko rawaya. Akwai lokutan da ba za ka iya gano dalilin da yasa hakan ke faruwa ba, ko ba haka ba? Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan waɗannan alamun na iya zama tsarin garkuwar jikinka, sojojin da ke kare ka daga cututtuka, suna kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jininka ja. Wannan shine abin da muke kira 'Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia' (AIHA) a magani. A taƙaice dai, tsarin tsaron jikinka yana kuskuren sanya ƙwayoyin jininka ja a matsayin "maƙiyi" kuma yana lalata su. Ko da yake wannan yana da ɗan tsanani, ana iya sarrafa shi da kyau tare da magani mai kyau . Duk da haka, idan ba a yi maganinsa ba, yana iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a san wannan kuma a nemi shawarar likita da wuri-wuri. Bari mu yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla.

Menene "Aikin Jini Mai Tsanani na Kai" (AIHA)?

A taƙaice dai, `Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia` (AIHA) yanayi ne da garkuwar jikinka ke gane ƙwayoyin jininka a matsayin "baƙo," ma'ana wani abu mai cutarwa ga jiki. Sakamakon haka, jikinka yana samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna mannewa da ƙwayoyin jinin ja kuma suna lalata su. Me zai faru a lokacin? Adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinka yana raguwa. Wannan shine abin da muke kira "anemia."

Ka yi tunanin abin da ke faruwa a nan kamar sojojin da ke kare ƙasarmu ne, suna kai wa 'yan ƙasarmu hari bisa kuskure. Wannan a zahiri yana da ɗan rikitarwa, amma ba shi da wuyar fahimta.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin AIHA ta farko da ta sakandare?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan AIHA guda biyu dangane da yadda yake faruwa.

• AIHA ta Farko: Wani lokaci, AIHA na iya tasowa ba tare da wata matsala ta lafiya ba. Wannan yana nufin likitoci ba za su iya gano dalilin da ya sa ya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani. Ana kiran wannan AIHA ta farko.
• AIHA ta biyu: Wani nau'in AIHA shine lokacin da wani yanayi ya faru da AIHA. Misali, ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan da ke haifar da garkuwar jiki (wanda tsarin garkuwar jiki ke kai hari ga kyallen jikinsa), wasu magunguna, ko kuma cutar kansar jini kamar lymphoma.

Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan AIHA ne?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan AIHA guda biyu. Su ne "Anemia mai zafi ta hemolytic da kuma "Anemia mai sanyi ta hemolytic da ke haifar da sanyi ". An rarraba waɗannan bisa ga nau'in ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke cikin cutar. Wato, sunan ya samo asali ne daga zafin da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jinin ja ke aiki.

Anemia mai ɗauke da jini mai zafi ta hanyar autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Wannan shine nau'in AIHA da aka fi sani. A nan, ƙwayoyin rigakafi na nau'in 'IgG' suna ɗaurewa da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Abu na musamman shi ne cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna aiki a yanayin zafin jikinmu na yau da kullun (watau, a cikin yanayi mai "ɗumi"). Alamomin yawanci suna fara bayyana a hankali, tsawon makonni kaɗan. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, alamun na iya yin tsanani ko da cikin 'yan kwanaki kaɗan.

Ciwon anemia na hemolytic autoimmune

Wannan nau'in ana ganinsa ne a cikin kashi 10% zuwa 20% na marasa lafiya na AIHA. Ya ƙunshi wani nau'in antibody mai suna 'IgM'. Waɗannan antibody masu ɗaurewa da ƙwayoyin jinin ja lokacin da jininku yake a yanayin zafi ƙasa da zafin jikinku, wanda ake kira 'sanyi'. Wannan zafin "sanyi" na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Wannan yana nufin cewa ga wasu mutane, waɗannan antibody za a iya kunna su lokacin da suke ɗan sanyi, yayin da ga wasu, suna iya buƙatar yin sanyi sosai.

Wanene wannan yanayin AIHA ya fi shafa?

AIHA na iya kamuwa da cutar a cikin kowa, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ko jinsi ba. Duk da haka, wannan cuta ta fi yawa a cikin mata sama da shekaru 40 .

Ko da yake an saba da shi, AIHA cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba . Tana shafar kusan mutane ɗaya ko biyu cikin kowace mutum dubu ɗari kowace shekara.

Mene ne alamun cutar AIHA?

AIHA na iya haifar da alamomi iri-iri. Wasu suna da yawa, yayin da wasu kuma suka bambanta dangane da nau'in AIHA da kuke da shi.

Ga wasu alamu gama gari:

• Zazzaɓi
• Gajiya mai tsanani (gajiya sosai don yin komai mai kyau)
• Rauni
• bugun zuciya
• Wahalar numfashi (ko da kuwa da ɗan ƙoƙari)
• Fatar jiki mai launin fari (kamar idan kina da ƙarancin jini)
• Jaundice (rawar launin fata da idanu)
• Ciwon kai (ciwon kai)
• Ciwon tsoka
• Fitsa mai duhu (kamar ruwan shayi)
• Amai da tashin zuciya
• Rashin numfashi
• Gudawa
• Raunin harshe
• Murmushi (jin bugun zuciyarka sosai har za ka iya jin sa)

Ka tuna, samun ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin waɗannan alamun ba yana nufin kana da AIHA ba. Amma idan waɗannan alamun suka ci gaba, ya fi kyau ka ga likita.

Alamomin na iya bambanta, musamman dangane da nau'in AIHA:

Ana yawan ganin AIHA mai dumi a cikin:

• Gajiya
• Jin jiri
• Jaundice (rawar fata)
• Jin bugun zuciya

Sanyi AIHA na iya haifar da alamu kamar:

• Gajiya
• Jin jiri
• Sanyin hannu da ƙafafu (jin sanyi fiye da wasu)
• Ciwon daji
• Ciwon ƙirji
• Jin zafi a bayan ƙafafu
• Cutar Raynaud (yanayin da yatsun hannu da ƙafafu ke yin fari/shuɗi da kuma yin laushi lokacin da sanyi ya kama su)
• Canza launin shudi na hannuwa da ƙafafu
• Matsalolin bugun zuciya `(Arrhythmia)`
• Jin raɗar zuciya
• Matsalar zuciya (wannan yana faruwa ne a cikin mawuyacin hali)

Mene ne musabbabin AIHA?

A cikin kusan rabin dukkan marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar AIHA (kimanin kashi 50%), ba a iya gano ainihin dalilin ba . Muna kiran wannan "idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia." Wannan yana nufin "ba a san dalili ba."

A wani rabin kuma, AIHA tana da alaƙa da wasu matsalolin lafiya.

Sauran yanayin lafiya da ka iya haifar da AIHA sun haɗa da:

Akwai cututtuka da dama da ke iya haifar da cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar AIHA ta biyu. Wato, wasu cututtuka da garkuwar jiki ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittar jiki masu lafiya.

• Lupus : Wannan cuta ce da ke iya shafar tsarin gabobin jiki daban-daban, kamar fata, gidajen abinci, kodan, da kwakwalwa.
• Rheumatoid arthritis : Wani yanayi ne da ke shafar gidajen abinci, wanda ke haifar da ciwo da kumburi.
• Ciwon Sjogren : Busasshen idanu da baki su ne manyan alamomin.
• Ciwon thyroid : Rashin daidaituwa a cikin hormones na thyroid.
• Ciwon Ulcerative Colitis : Kumburi da gyambon hanji.
• Cutar Hashimoto : Yanayi ne da tsarin garkuwar jiki ke kai hari ga glandar thyroid.

Wani lokaci, AIHA kuma tana iya faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta . Duk da haka, wannan rashin jini sau da yawa yana inganta da zarar an magance kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da za a iya dangantawa da AIHA sun haɗa da:

• Kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr (ƙwayar cutar da ke haifar da mononucleosis)
• kyanda
• Mumps
• Rubella
• Ciwon huhu mara tsari
• Kwayar cutar Varicella, wadda ke haifar da cutar kyanda
• 'Kwayar cutar kanjamau'
• Hepatitis (ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke shafar hanta musamman)
• Kwayar cutar Cytomegalovirus `(Cytomegalovirus)`

Wasu magunguna kuma na iya haifar da AIHA. Idan ana zargin cewa maganin da kake sha ne ke haifar da wannan matsalar, likitanka zai iya dakatar da maganin.

• Maganin rigakafi (musamman penicillin)
• Magungunan hana kumburi marasa steroidal (NSAIDs) (misali ibuprofen)
• Magungunan hana ciwon daji

Ta yaya ake gano cutar AIHA?

Idan likitanka yana zargin kana da alamun rashin jini, da farko zai ba da umarnin a yi cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC) . Wannan zai iya gano alamun gargaɗi na rashin jini. Musamman, wannan gwajin yana aunawa:

• Yawan ƙwayoyin jini ja, ƙwayoyin jini fari, da kuma platelets da ke cikin jininka.
• Girman ƙwayoyin jininka ja (babba, ƙanana, na yau da kullun).
• Matakan Hemoglobin - Wannan shine furotin da ke cikin jininka wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jikinka.
• Darajar Hematocrit (yawan sararin da ƙwayoyin jininku ja ke ɗauka a cikin jininku).

Sauran gwaje-gwaje da za su iya taimakawa wajen gano cutar AIHA

Idan likitanka yana zargin anemia, zai ba da shawarar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko anemia ta samo asali ne daga AIHA ko wani dalili.

• Smear na gefe: Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar samfurin jininka da kuma duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Wannan zai iya neman abubuwa kamar ko ƙwayoyin jininka jajaye sun lalace ko kuma sun canza siffarsu.
• Adadin reticulocyte: Wannan gwajin yana auna adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyin jinin ja (sabbin) a jikinka. Ka tuna, lokacin da aka lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ɓawon ƙashi yana fara yin ƙarin ƙwayoyin jinin ja don maye gurbinsu. Wannan yana ƙara yawan reticulocyte.
• Gwajin Bilirubin: Idan aka lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, ana samar da wani abu da ake kira bilirubin. Idan wannan ya ƙaru, jaundice (rage launin fata) yana faruwa. Don haka, idan matakin bilirubin a cikin jini ya yi yawa, alama ce cewa ana wargaza jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.
• Gwajin Coombs: Wannan gwaji ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci wajen gano cutar AIHA. Yana duba ko jikinka yana samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Gwajin Haptoglobin: Haptoglobin furotin ne da ke cire sharar gida daga ƙwayoyin jinin ja da suka lalace. Idan aka lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja da yawa, jiki yana amfani da wannan haptoglobin mai yawa. Wannan yana sa matakin haptoglobin a cikin jini ya ragu.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH wani enzyme ne da ake samu a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Idan aka lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, wannan enzyme na LDH yana fitowa cikin jini. Wannan yana sa matakan LDH su tashi.
• Sanyi agglutinin titer: Idan likitanka yana zargin sanyin AIHA, zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin. Wannan yana auna matakin garkuwar jiki da ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jinin ja a yanayin sanyi.

Yaya ake maganin AIHA?

Lokacin da ake kula da AIHA, mataki na farko yawanci shine a tantance ko akwai wani dalili na asali da za a iya magancewa. Misali, idan AIHA ɗinku tana da alaƙa da lupus, likitanku zai fara yi muku maganin lupus. Idan dalilin AIHA cuta ce kamar lymphoma, yana da mahimmanci a yi maganin wannan yanayin. Idan magani ne ke haifar da AIHA ɗinku, kuna iya buƙatar daina shan wannan maganin.

Duk da haka, ga wasu mutane, AIHA tana da sauƙi sosai.Wannan yana nufin alamun ba su da tsanani sosai. A wannan lokacin, ba lallai ne a buƙaci magani ba.

Magunguna

• Corticosteroids: Waɗannan galibi su ne maganin farko ga AIHA. Waɗannan magunguna suna aiki ta hanyar danne tsarin garkuwar jikinka, wanda hakan ke rage yawan lalacewar da yake yi wa ƙwayoyin jininka masu ja.
• Magungunan rage garkuwar jiki: Idan corticosteroids kaɗai ba su isa su shawo kan cutar ba, likitanka zai iya rubuta maka irin waɗannan magunguna. Waɗannan suna aiki ta hanyar hana tsarin garkuwar jiki kai hari ga bargon ƙashi.

tiyatar cire ƙashin ƙashi (Splenectomy)

Idan ba za a iya sarrafa AIHA da magani kaɗai ba, za a iya buƙatar a cire maniyyinka ta hanyar tiyata. maniyyin wani ɓangare ne a jikinmu wanda ke tace ƙwayoyin jinin ja marasa kyau, kamar ƙwayoyin jinin ja waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin rigakafi a haɗe da su. maniyyin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin da ke samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Don haka cire maniyyin zai iya rage lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja da rage haɗarin rashin jini.

Ƙauran jini

A cikin mawuyacin hali na AIHA, marasa lafiya na iya buƙatar a yi musu ƙarin jini, wanda shine ƙarin jini daga wasu wurare. Wannan zai iya ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin ja da sauri kuma yana taimakawa wajen magance alamun.

Shin maganin 'dumi' da 'sanyi' AIHA ya bambanta?

Eh, maganin ciwon sanyi na farko (primary 'cold AIHA') ya bambanta da ciwon sanyi na 'dumi AIHA'.

Yawanci ana amfani da magungunan Corticosteroids ko magungunan rage ƙarfin garkuwar jiki don 'AIHA mai dumi'. Idan hakan bai yi nasara ba, tiyata don cire saifa na iya zama dole. A cikin yanayin rashin jini mai tsanani, ana kuma ɗaukar ƙarin jini a matsayin magani mai taimako yayin da ake maganin cutar.

Duk da haka, 'sanyi AIHA' ba ya amsawa da kyau ga corticosteroids ko splenectomy. Idan 'sanyi AIHA' mai sauƙi ne, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar sanya jiki ya yi ɗumi (misali, amfani da na'urorin dumama hannu/ƙafa, sanya safar hannu, safa, da kuma yiwuwar tafiya zuwa yanayi mai ɗumi). Idan magani ya zama dole, maganin 'Rituximab' (wani lokacin tare da wasu magungunan rage garkuwar jiki) shine maganin farko.

Za a iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar AIHA?

Ba za a iya hana cutar rashin lafiyar jiki ta Hemolytic ba koyaushe. Wani lokaci yana faruwa ba tare da wani dalili ba. Duk da haka, idan kana da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko kuma kana shan magani da aka sani yana da alaƙa da AIHA, likitanka zai iya sa ido kan yanayinka kuma ya taimaka wajen rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.

Shin AIHA wata cuta ce mai tsanani?

Ciwon Hanta Mai Tsanani na Autoimmune wani lokacin yana da sauƙi sosai har ba za ka buƙaci magani ba. Duk da haka, wani lokacin yana iya zama mai tsanani har kana iya buƙatar tiyata ko ƙarin jini. Idan an gano kana da cutar AIHA, likitanka zai iya yi maka magana game da tsananin yanayinka da kuma hanyoyin magance matsalar.

Mafi mahimmanci, AIHA na iya zama mai kisa idan ba a yi maganinta ba, shi ya sa gaggawar shiga cikin gaggawa ta likita take da matuƙar muhimmanci.

Za a iya warkar da AIHA?

Eh. Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da AIHA ba sa buƙatar magani ko kaɗan. Tsakanin kashi 20% zuwa 30% na marasa lafiya suna buƙatar magani, tiyata, ko ƙarin jini.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?

Idan ka fara fuskantar alamun rashin jini - kamar gajiya mai tsanani, rauni, jaundice (rage launin fata), ko wahalar numfashi - ka nemi likita nan da nan . Ta hanyar gano cutar da kuma magani da wuri, za ka iya murmurewa da sauri ka koma ga rayuwarka ta yau da kullun.

A taƙaice (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ciwon Hanta Mai Tsami (AIHA) yanayi ne da garkuwar jikinka ke kai hari ga jajayen ƙwayoyin jininka, wanda ke haifar da rashin jini.

• Alamomin na iya zama masu sauƙi ko masu tsanani. Gajiya, farin fata, jaundice, da wahalar numfashi su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan.
• Abubuwan da ke haddasa su sun bambanta. Wani lokaci ba za a iya gano dalili ba (na farko), wani lokacin kuma wasu cututtuka, kamuwa da cuta, ko magunguna na iya haifar da su (na biyu).
• Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan magani da dama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da magunguna, cire maniyyi, da kuma ƙarin jini. Magungunan sun bambanta dangane da nau'in 'dumi' da 'sanyi'.
• Duk da cewa cutar AIHA cuta ce da ake iya jurewa sosai , tana iya zama mai tsanani, har ma da barazana ga rayuwa , idan ba a yi maganinta ba.

Saboda haka, idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, kada ka firgita kuma kada ka yi jinkiri, amma ka nemi shawarar likita. Likitanka zai iya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka dace, ya gano yanayinka daidai, sannan ya rubuta magani mafi dacewa. Sannan za ka iya murmurewa da sauri kuma ka ci gaba da ayyukanka na yau da kullun!

' Aimmune hemolytic anemia', AIHA, anemia, jaundice cells, antibodies, tsarin garkuwar jiki, jaundice, gajiya