Shin ƙwayoyin jikinka suna kashe kansu ne? Bari mu yi magana game da Ciwon Hanta Mai Rage Jini (AIHA)!

Shin kana jin gajiya da rauni koyaushe? Shin kana jin jiri idan ka yi tafiya kaɗan ko ka hau matakala? A mafi yawan lokuta, muna kiran wannan "rashin jini" ko "rashin jini." Gaskiya ne. Amma, shin ka taɓa tunanin cewa tsarin tsaron jikinka, wato, tsarin garkuwar jiki, na iya kai hari da lalata ƙwayoyin jininka? A yau muna magana ne game da wata cuta mai wuya da kowa yake da matuƙar muhimmanci a sani. Wannan ana kiransa Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia , ko (AIHA) a takaice.

A taƙaice dai, menene wannan AIHA?

Domin fahimtar wannan, bari mu fara duba menene rashin jini. Rashin jini yana nufin raguwar adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a jikinka waɗanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen. Waɗannan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ana samar da su ne a cikin ƙashin ƙashinmu. Yawanci, jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ɗaya suna rayuwa na tsawon kwanaki 120. Idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suka ragu, gabobin jiki ba sa karɓar isasshen iskar oxygen. Shi ya sa muke jin gajiya da rauni.

To, wani abu mai ban mamaki yana faruwa a cikin AIHA. Tsarin garkuwar jiki , wanda ke kare jikinmu daga cututtuka, yana gane ƙwayoyin jinin jajayen da ke cikinsa a matsayin "maƙiya." Kamar sojojin ƙasa ne ke kai hari ga mutanenta. Lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki ya fara lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja ta wannan hanyar, ana rasa su a cikin adadin da bargon ƙashi ba zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da su ba. Wani lokaci, tsawon rayuwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja yana iyakance ga 'yan kwanaki kawai. Wannan shine abin da muke kira Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).

Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan AIHA ne?

An rarraba AIHA zuwa manyan nau'i biyu. Ɗaya ya dogara ne akan dalilin. Ɗayan kuma ya dogara ne akan zafin da ake lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Bari mu ga menene waɗannan.

Mene ne alamun wannan yanayin?

Yawancin alamomin AIHA suna kama da na sauran cututtukan jini, amma wasu mutane ba za su iya samun wata alama ba kwata-kwata idan lalacewar ƙwayoyin jinin ja ya yi tsanani.

Alamomin da aka fi gani:

• Rauni da gajiya: Gajiya mai tsanani ko da bayan yin ɗan aiki.
• Fatar da ta yi fari: Fatar da ta yi fari, lebe, da farce.
• Tachycardia: Jin cewa zuciya tana bugawa da sauri ko da lokacin da kake tsaye cak.
• Rashin numfashi: Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutum ya ɗan gaji.
• Ciwon ƙirji.
• Rawaya a idanu da fata (Jaundice): Wannan shine yanayin da muke kira jaundice.
• Fitsari mai duhu: Fitsari mai duhu, kamar cola.
• Jin cika: Wannan ya faru ne saboda girman saifa.

Mutane masu fama da mura irin AIHA (CAD) suma suna iya fuskantar waɗannan ƙarin alamun:

• Hannuwa da ƙafafu koyaushe suna da sanyi.
• Hannu da ƙafafu suna yin shuɗi/ja idan sanyi ya kama su.
• Ciwon kai.
• Ciwon baya da ƙafa.

Mene ne musabbabin AIHA?

A mafi yawan lokuta, yana da wuya a sami takamaiman dalilin wannan yanayin (Babban AIHA). Duk da haka, wani lokacin wasu yanayi na lafiya na iya haifar da shi (Babban AIHA).

• Sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki: Misali, cututtuka kamar lupus.
• Wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji:Musamman cututtukan daji da suka shafi jini kamar su cutar sankarar bargo (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) da kuma cutar lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma).
• Cututtuka: Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*.
• Kwayar cuta: Kwayar cuta kamar kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr, HIV, da hepatitis.
• Wasu magunguna: Wannan kuma yana iya faruwa ne a matsayin martani ga wasu magunguna kamar penicillin da methyldopa.

Yaya ake gane cutar?

Idan kana da alamun rashin jini, abu na farko da za ka yi shi ne ka ga likitanka nan da nan . Zai tambaye ka game da alamominka da kuma magungunan da kake sha, kuma zai duba ka. Idan ya cancanta, zai tura ka zuwa wurin likitan jini.

Ana yin gwaje-gwajen jini da dama musamman don gano cutar.

• Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC): Wannan yana duba adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin halitta, fararen ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma platelets. Ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin halitta ja alama ce ta rashin jini.
• Gwajin Coombs: Wannan ita ce gwaji mafi takamaiman ga AIHA. Yana duba ko jikinka yana yin rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Tabon Jini: Ana duba samfurin jini ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa (microscope) domin neman alamun lalacewar ƙwayoyin ja.
• Gwajin Bilirubin: Idan aka lalata jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, matakin wani abu da ake kira bilirubin yana ƙaruwa a cikin jini. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da launin rawaya.
• Adadin Reticulocyte: Wannan yana auna adadin sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ba su kai ba da ke samar da ƙashi. Babban adadi yana nufin cewa ƙashi yana aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta don maye gurbin waɗanda ake lalatawa.

Menene hanyoyin magance AIHA?

Maganin ya dogara ne da tsananin alamomin cutar, nau'in cutar AIHA, da kuma dalilinta. Idan alamomin ba su da tsanani, magani ba lallai bane ya zama dole.

• Maganin Steroids: Magungunan Steroid kamar Prednisolone su ne maganin farko. Waɗannan suna aiki ta hanyar danne ayyukan garkuwar jiki da kuma hana shi lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Sauran Magungunan Rage Jiki: Idan cutar ba ta mayar da martani ga magungunan steroid ba, ana amfani da wasu magunguna kamar Rituximab.
• Gyaran ƙashi: A mafi yawan lokuta, lalacewar ƙwayoyin jinin ja yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙashi. Don haka idan magani bai shawo kansa ba, likitoci na iya yanke shawarar cire ƙashi ta hanyar tiyata.
• Zubar da Jini: Idan rashin jini ya yi tsanani, za a iya buƙatar ƙarin jini don ceton rai.
• Kare kanka daga sanyi (don mura AIHA/CAD): Idan kana da mura AIHA, kare kanka daga sanyi yana da mahimmanci.
• Sanya safar hannu yayin fitar da abubuwa daga firiji.
• Idan za ka fita a lokacin sanyi, ka sanya hula, mayafi, da kuma riguna.
• Idan za ka je wurin da ke da AC sosai, ka sanya tufafi masu dumi.

Likitan ku zai iya ba da shawarar ku sha ƙarin sinadarin folic acid (Vitamin B9) , domin wannan bitamin yana buƙatar saurin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Wadanne matsaloli ne ka iya faruwa sakamakon wannan yanayin?

Idan ba a yi wa AIHA magani yadda ya kamata ba, wasu matsaloli na iya tasowa.

• Kumburin Jini: Kumburin jini na iya samuwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini, musamman a ƙafafu. Idan waɗannan suna tafiya zuwa huhu (Pulmonary Embolism), yana da matukar haɗari.
• Lalacewar koda: AIHA mara tsari na iya haifar da lalacewar koda.
• Ciwon zuciya: Rashin isasshen jini na dogon lokaci yana sa zuciya ta yi aiki tukuru, wanda hakan zai iya raunana zuciya.