Shin kuna da tambayoyi game da cortisol? Bari mu san wannan 'hormone na damuwa' dalla-dalla!

Wataƙila kun ji kalmar " cortisol , " musamman idan ana maganar " damuwa ." Amma cortisol ba wai kawai "hormone na damuwa ba ne." A zahiri, wani muhimmin hormone ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikinmu. Don haka, a yau, bari mu yi magana game da cortisol ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ku iya fahimta.

Menene cortisol? Shin da gaske ne kawai 'hormone na damuwa'?

A taƙaice dai, cortisol wani sinadari ne da glandar adrenal ɗinmu ke samarwa kuma ke fitarwa - ƙananan gland guda biyu da ke saman kodan. Wani nau'in sinadari ne na steroid da ake kira glucocorticoid .

Haka ne, kamar yadda kuke tsammani, cortisol yana da alaƙa da damuwa. Ko muna fuskantar damuwa mai tsanani , damuwa ta yau da kullun , ko damuwa mai raɗaɗi, jikinmu yana fitar da cortisol. Shi ya sa ake kiransa da "hormone na damuwa."

Menene tasirin cortisol a jikinmu?

Cortisol wani sinadari ne da ke shafar kusan kowace gabobi a jikinmu kuma yana sarrafa ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa. Bari mu dubi menene shi.

Sarrafa yadda kake amsawa ga damuwa

Idan ka ji haɗari ko tsoro, jikinka zai shiga cikin yanayin "faɗa ko gudu," ko ba haka ba? A wannan lokacin, ana fitar da hormones kamar adrenaline. Sannan, don ci gaba da kasancewa a faɗake, cortisol zai fara fitowa. Haka kuma, cortisol yana taimakawa wajen fitar da glucose , ko sukari, daga hanta don samar da kuzarin da ake buƙata a wannan lokacin.

Metabolism da matakan sukari a cikin jini

Tsarin narkewar abinci shine kawai hanyar da jikinmu ke amfani da makamashi don rayuwa, aiki, da aiki. Cortisol yana taimakawa wajen magance wannan ta hanyar sarrafa yadda jikinmu ke amfani da glucose don makamashi.

Misali:

• Yana shafar pancreas ɗinmu, yana rage samar da insulin da kuma ƙara samar da glucagon. Yayin da insulin ke rage sukari a jini, glucagon yana ƙara yawan sukari.
• Haka kuma yana shafar nama mai kitse, hanta, da tsoka a jikinmu, yana sarrafa yadda muke amfani da glucose.

Rage kumburi

A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, cortisol na iya ƙara ƙarfin garkuwar jikinmu ta hanyar rage kumburi , wanda shine kumburi da ja a jiki. Duk da haka, idan matakan cortisol suka yi yawa akai-akai, jikinmu zai iya saba da shi. Sannan akasin haka zai faru. Kumburi na iya ƙaruwa kuma garkuwar jiki na iya raunana.

Daidaita hawan jini

Har yanzu ba a fahimci ainihin yadda cortisol ke sarrafa hawan jini ba. Duk da haka, an gano cewa yawan matakan cortisol na iya haifar da hawan jini, kuma ƙarancin matakan na iya haifar da ƙarancin hawan jini.

Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa zagayowar barci da farkawa

Yawanci, matakan cortisol suna ƙasa idan muka yi barci da daddare. Yana kai kololuwa kafin mu tashi da safe. Wannan yana nuna cewa cortisol yana da babban tasiri ga tsarin circadian ɗinmu, ko zagayowar farkawar barci.

Ta yaya jikinmu ke sarrafa matakan cortisol?

Jikinmu yana da tsari mai rikitarwa don daidaita matakan cortisol. Babban rawar da ke takawa a cikin wannan shine hypothalamus da glandar pituitary da ke cikin kwakwalwarmu. Waɗannan biyun suna sarrafa samar da cortisol ta glandar adrenal.

Ga yadda yake faruwa:

1. Idan matakan cortisol na jini suka ragu, hypothalamus yana fitar da wani hormone da ake kira CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) .
2. Wannan hormone na CRH yana nuna wa glandar pituitary alama don samar da wani hormone da ake kira ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) .
3. Wannan hormone na ACTH yana motsa glandar adrenal don samar da cortisol kuma ya sake shi cikin jini.

Don haka, domin a kiyaye matakan cortisol masu kyau, dukkan waɗannan gabobin guda uku—hypothalamus, pituitary gland, da adrenal gland—dole ne su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Me zai faru idan matakan cortisol suka ƙaru?

Idan matakan cortisol suka yi yawa na dogon lokaci, muna kiran wannan yanayin hypercortisolism . Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne da wata cuta da ake kira Cushing's syndrome .

Menene dalilan ƙaruwar cortisol?

• Amfani da magungunan corticosteroid na dogon lokaci (misali, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) a cikin allurai masu yawa.
• Ciwon daji da ke samar da ACTH - Waɗannan galibi suna tasowa a cikin glandar pituitary.
• Cysts waɗanda ke samuwa a cikin glandar adrenal kuma suna samar da ƙarin cortisol.

Alamomin yawan cortisol

Idan matakan cortisol suka ƙaru, ko kuma idan kana da cutar Cushing, za ka iya fuskantar alamu kamar:

• Karin nauyi , musamman a fuska da ciki.
• Kitse mai yawa a bayansa tsakanin kafadu (kumburi mai kama da kumburin bauna).
• Bayyanar manyan alamomin launin shunayya a cikin ciki.
• Raunin tsoka a manyan hannaye da cinyoyi.
• Ƙara yawan sukari a jini , wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da ciwon sukari na Type 2.
• Hawan jini .
• Girman gashi da ba a so a cikin mata - wata cuta da ake kira hirsutism .
• Raunana ƙasusuwa - Ana iya samun osteoporosis da karyewar ƙasusuwa .

Me zai faru idan matakan cortisol suka ragu?

Idan matakan cortisol suka yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba, likitoci suna kiransa hypocortisolism , ko kuma rashin isasshen adrenal . Akwai manyan nau'ikan wannan guda biyu.

Menene dalilan ƙarancin cortisol?

• Babban rashin isasshen adrenal: Wannan yakan faru ne saboda tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana kai hari ga glandar adrenal. Wannan kuma ana kiransa cutar Addison .
• Rashin isasshen adrenal na biyu: Wannan yana faruwa ne idan glandar pituitary ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata ( hypopituitarism ) ko kuma idan akwai ciwon pituitary.

Alamomin ƙarancin cortisol

Idan matakan cortisol sun yi ƙasa, za ku iya fuskantar alamu kamar:

• Jin gajiya sosai (gajiya).
• Rage nauyi ba da gangan ba.
• Rashin ci .
• Ƙarancin hawan jini .

Me zan iya yi don rage matakan cortisol?

Idan kana da wata cuta kamar Cushing's syndrome, kana iya buƙatar magani don rage matakan cortisol ɗinka. Wannan yawanci ya ƙunshi magani da/ko tiyata. Duk da haka, akwai wasu abubuwa da za mu iya yi don taimakawa wajen sarrafa matakan cortisol ɗinmu:

• Samun barci mai kyau: Matsaloli kamar rashin barci da kuma yin aiki a wurin aiki na dare na iya ƙara yawan cortisol.
• Motsa Jiki: Motsa jiki akai-akai yana inganta ingancin barci kuma yana rage damuwa.
• Yi aikin numfashi mai zurfi: Numfashi ta hanyar da aka tsara yana motsa tsarin jijiyoyinmu na parasympathetic - tsarin da ke kwantar da hankalin jikinmu kuma yana sarrafa "hutawa da narkewar abinci".
• Ka yi farin ciki ka yi murmushi: Idan ka yi murmushi, ana fitar da sinadaran hormones da ake kira endorphins kuma matakan cortisol suna raguwa.
• Kiyaye kyakkyawar alaƙar ɗan adam: Ci gaba da dangantaka mai cike da matsaloli da tashin hankali na iya haifar da damuwa akai-akai.