Shin ka taɓa mamakin yadda, idan mura ta kama ka, take inganta cikin 'yan kwanaki? Ba tare da mun sani ba, jikinmu yana da tsarin tsaro mai ban mamaki, kamar rundunar sojoji, suna aiki a cikinmu don kare mu daga cututtuka. Wani muhimmin sashi na sojoji na musamman a cikin wannan tsarin ana kiransa ƙwayoyin T masu guba. A yau, za mu yi magana game da waɗannan ƙananan jarumai.
Menene waɗannan ƙwayoyin T masu guba?
A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin T masu guba a jiki wani nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta ne a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu . Suna kama da sojojin musamman a cikin rundunar sojojin ƙasarmu. Babban aikinsu shine nemo da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shiga jikinmu. Shi ya sa ake kiransu da "Killer T cells."
Ana samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin T a cikin wani ƙaramin gland a gaban ƙirjinmu mai suna thymus . Glandar thymus tana samar da manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T guda uku.
| Nau'in ƙwayoyin T | Aikin yana da sauƙi. |
|---|---|
| Kwayoyin T masu guba | Gano da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa, kamar ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. |
| Kwayoyin T na Taimako | Yana ƙarfafa sauran ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki da kuma taimaka musu su yi yaƙi. Kamar kwamandan sojoji. |
| Kwayoyin T masu sarrafawa | Da zarar an gama yaƙin, ana sarrafa ayyukan garkuwar jiki kuma yana dakatar da lalata ƙwayoyin lafiya ba tare da wata matsala ba. |
Ta yaya waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suke aiki?
Akwai manyan nau'ikan garkuwar jiki guda biyu. Ɗaya ita ce garkuwar jiki ta asali , wato tsarin kariya da ke cikin jikinmu lokacin da aka haife mu. Ɗaya kuma ita ce garkuwar jiki mai daidaitawa.Wato, idan muka fuskanci cututtuka ko muka karɓi alluran rigakafi, jikinmu yana samar da wani takamaiman tsarin kariya.
Kwayoyin T masu guba suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin wannan nau'in rigakafi na biyu mai daidaitawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa an horar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin don gane da kuma kai hari ga takamaiman ƙwayar cuta.
Bambanci tsakanin ƙwayoyin T masu guba da ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta
Wataƙila ka ji labarin ƙwayoyin halitta masu kisa. Duk da cewa duka ƙwayoyin halitta ne masu kisa, akwai ɗan bambanci.
- Kwayoyin Halitta Masu Kisa: Waɗannan wani ɓangare ne na garkuwar jiki ta asali. Wannan yana nufin ba sa buƙatar horo na musamman ko kunnawa don kai hari ga ƙwayar cuta mai cutarwa. Kawai suna ci gaba da sintiri.
- Kwayoyin T masu guba: Waɗannan wani ɓangare ne na garkuwar jiki mai daidaitawa. Domin su kai hari ga ƙwayar da ta kamu da cutar, dole ne su fara sanin kamuwa da cutar kuma su fara aiki.
Yadda ake fara faɗa
Kwayoyin T masu guba suna da wani nau'in 'antenna' na musamman a saman su wanda ake kira CD8 receptor . Kusan kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikin mu tana da "katin shaida" a saman ta. Ana kiran ta da ƙwayar MHC Class I. Idan ƙwayar halitta ta kamu da ƙwayar cuta, wannan ƙwayar halitta tana sanya ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta a kan wannan katin shaida a saman ta, tana nuna alamar cewa, "Ga maƙiyi a cikina."
A lokacin ne eriya ta CD8 ta ƙwayar T ɗinmu za ta ɗauki wannan siginar. Sannan ƙwayar T za ta kunna ta kuma ta samar da sinadarai da ake buƙata don lalata ƙwayar da ta kamu da cutar.
Haka kuma, idan ƙwayoyin T masu taimako suka gano kamuwa da cuta, suna sakin manzanni da ake kira cytokines . Waɗannan saƙonnin suna ƙara ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin T masu guba don shiga yaƙin.
Ina waɗannan ƙwayoyin T suke a jikinmu?
Kwayoyin T suna fara rayuwarsu a cikin bargon ƙashinmu . Sannan, a matsayin ƙwayoyin da ba su kai ba, suna tafiya zuwa glandar thymus a cikin ƙirjinmu. Thymus kamar makarantar horarwa ce ga ƙwayoyin T. A nan ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin ke girma kuma suke koyon aikinsu. Bayan horo, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna yawo a cikin jiki.
Akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin T a cikin tsarin lymphatic ɗinmu, musamman. Mafi girman yawan ƙwayoyin T ana iya samun su a cikin:
- Bargon ƙashi
- Hanji
- Huhu
- Ƙunƙolin Lymph
- ƙashi
- Tonsils
Waɗanne cututtuka ne ke shafar ƙwayoyin T?
Wani lokaci garkuwar jikinmu na iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Akwai yanayi da dama da ke shafar ƙwayoyin T.
- Cututtukan Autoimmune:Abin da ke faruwa a waɗannan yanayi shi ne cewa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu masu lafiya.
- Ciwon sankarar lymphocytic mai tsanani: Wannan nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke farawa daga jini da ƙashi.
- Lymphoma na manya na Hodgkin: Wannan nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymphatic.
- HIV: Wannan kwayar cutar tana kai hari kai tsaye ga ƙwayoyin garkuwar jikinmu, musamman ƙwayoyin T.
- Ciwon Aiki: Wannan wata cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a tsarin garkuwar jiki ba wadda ke haifar da cututtuka akai-akai.
- Thymic aplasia: Samar da ƙwayoyin T yana da matsala saboda rashin ci gaba da kyau a lokacin haihuwa.
Abubuwan da za mu iya yi don kiyaye garkuwar jikinmu ta yi ƙarfi
Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kiyaye rundunar tsaronmu mai ban mamaki da lafiya da ƙarfi.
- A guji shan barasa ko kuma a takaita shi sosai.
- Ku ci abinci mai kyau. Ku ƙara 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, wake, nama marasa kitse, kifi, goro, da abinci mai gina jiki.
- Motsa jiki akai-akai. Haɗa da nau'ikan motsa jiki kamar tafiya, gudu, da ɗaga nauyi.
- Yi ƙoƙarin yin barci mai kyau na akalla awanni 7-8 a rana.
- A guji shan taba da shan taba gaba ɗaya. Idan kana buƙatar taimako wajen daina wannan dabi'a, yi magana da likitanka game da ita.
- A riƙa wanke hannuwanka akai-akai da sabulu da ruwa. Wannan zai iya taimakawa sosai wajen hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jikinka.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Kwayoyin T na Cytotoxic rukuni ne na musamman na sojoji a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu waɗanda ke lalata maƙiya, kamar ƙwayoyin da ke kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
- Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna girma kuma suna yin horo a cikin glandar thymus ta jikinmu.
- Ƙwayoyin T na Taimako kamar manzanni ne da ke motsa waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu kisa su yi yaƙi.
- Abubuwa masu sauƙi kamar daidaita abinci, barci mai kyau, motsa jiki, da kuma guje wa shan taba na iya ƙarfafa garkuwar jikinmu.
- Idan kana da wata damuwa game da garkuwar jikinka ko kuma kana yawan yin rashin lafiya, ya fi kyau ka yi magana da likitanka game da hakan.
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