Shin jaririnka yana da waɗannan alamomin? Bari mu yi magana game da Down Syndrome

Shin kun taɓa lura cewa wasu jarirai suna da ɗan bambanci da wasu, kuma kamanninsu ya ɗan bambanta? Wataƙila kun taɓa tunanin haka game da jaririnku. A irin waɗannan lokutan, tambaya ɗaya da ke zuwa mana a rai ita ce, "Menene wannan?" A yau za mu yi magana game da wata cuta da ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, wato Down Syndrome. Kada ku damu, za mu yi magana game da wannan a sauƙaƙe, ta hanyar da za ku iya fahimta.

Menene Ciwon Down? A takaice dai...

Ciwon Down Syndrome cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. Wato, yana faruwa ne sakamakon ƙarin chromosome a jikin jariri lokacin da aka haife shi. Yanzu kuna iya mamakin menene waɗannan chromosomes. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu, akwai abubuwa da suke kama da ƙananan ƙwallo na zare. Wannan shine abin da muke kira chromosomes. Waɗannan su ne abin da ke ƙayyade abubuwa da yawa game da kamanninmu, tsayinmu, launi, da iyawarmu.

Yawanci, dukkanmu muna da nau'i-nau'i 23 na waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin kowace ƙwayar halitta. Jimilla chromosomes 46 ne. Duk da haka, jariri mai cutar Down syndrome yana da ƙarin kwafin chromosome 21, ma'ana ƙarin ɗaya. Sannan jimlar adadin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarsa ​​ya zama 47. Saboda wannan ƙarin ƙwayar halitta ne kwakwalwar jariri da jikinta suka ɗan girma daban-daban.

Wa zai iya kamuwa da Down Syndrome?

Ciwon Down syndrome na iya shafar kowa. Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta kuma ba wani abu da uwa ko uba ke yi kafin ko lokacin daukar ciki ba ne ke haifar da shi. A mafi yawan lokuta, yana faruwa ne ba zato ba tsammani, ma'ana yana faruwa da kansa. Yawanci ana yada shi daga tsara zuwa tsara lokacin da ƙwai da maniyyi suka haɗu.

Mene ne abubuwan da ke haifar da Down Syndrome?

Ana ci gaba da bincike kan wannan. Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa haɗarin haihuwar jariri mai cutar Down syndrome na iya ƙaruwa kaɗan yayin da uwa ke tsufa . Iyaye mata sama da shekaru 35 sun fi samun jariri mai cutar Down syndrome ko wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta.

Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa ƙananan uwaye ba sa kamuwa da wannan yanayin ba. Saboda yawan haihuwa ya fi yawa ga iyaye mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 35, yawancin jarirai masu fama da Down syndrome a zahiri iyaye mata ne 'yan ƙasa da shekara 35. Saboda haka, shekaru ba shine kawai abin da ke haifar da hakan ba.

Yaya cutar Down Syndrome ta zama ruwan dare?

Idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe kamar Amurka, Down Syndrome cuta ce da aka saba gani a cikin chromosomes. Kimanin jarirai 6,000 ake haifa da wannan yanayin kowace shekara a can. Wannan yana nufin cewa kusan ɗaya daga cikin jarirai 700 da aka haifa yana iya samun wannan yanayin. Akwai yara masu wannan yanayin a Sri Lanka ma, don haka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a san da wannan.

Mene ne alamun jariri mai ciwon Down?

Ciwon Down syndrome na iya haifar da alamun jiki, hankali, da kuma hali. Duk da haka, ba kowane yaro bane ke da duk waɗannan alamun, kuma yanayin alamun na iya bambanta daga yaro zuwa yaro.

Halayen jiki (canje-canje a bayyanar)

Waɗannan alamun galibi suna bayyana ne a lokacin haihuwa, kuma suna iya bayyana yayin da jariri ke girma.

• Gadar Nahe ta ɗan yi faɗi .
• Idanun sun yi kama da an karkata su sama .
• Wuyan yana da ɗan gajere .
• Kunnuwa, hannaye, da ƙafafu ƙanana fiye da na al'ada .
• Samun raunin tsoka (rashin ƙarfi) a lokacin haihuwa.
• Ƙaramin yatsan hannun yana karkata zuwa ciki (zuwa babban yatsa) .
• Kasancewar layi mai zurfi guda ɗaya a kan tafin hannu (ƙafafun hannu).
• Kasancewa ƙasa da matsakaicin tsayi .

Yayin da jaririnka ke girma, ƙarin alamu na iya bayyana saboda yadda jikinsa ke girma yayin da yake cikin mahaifa. Misali:

• Cututtukan kunne ko rashin ji.
• Matsalolin gani ko cututtukan ido .
• Matsalolin hakori .
• Yawan kamuwa da cututtuka ko cututtuka akai-akai.
• Matsalar numfashi yayin barci, wani yanayi da numfashi ke tsayawa yayin barci.
• Ciwon zuciya da aka haifa .

Likitanka zai riƙa duba yanayin kamar haka akai-akai.

Halayen hankali da ci gaba

Yaronka da ke fama da Down syndrome na iya fuskantar wasu ƙalubale game da ci gaban hankali saboda ƙarin ƙwayoyin halitta. Wannan na iya haifar da nakasa ta hankali ko ta ci gaba . Yaronka ba zai iya yin abubuwan da yake buƙatar yi a wasu shekaru ba, wato, ƙila ba zai iya cimma matakan ci gaba daidai da sauran yara ba. Misali:

• Tafiya da motsi (ƙwarewar motsa jiki mai kyau da kuma cikakken iko).
• Magana (ƙwarewar haɓaka harshe).
• Koyo (ƙwarewar fahimta).
• Yin wasa (ƙwarewar zamantakewa da motsin rai).

Saboda haka, yana iya ɗaukar ɗanka ɗan lokaci kafin ya yi waɗannan abubuwan:

• Horar da bayan gida.
• Yin magana da kalmomin farko.
• Daukar matakin farko.
• Cin abinci shi kaɗai.

Ka yi tunani a kai, wasu yara suna tafiya a shekara ɗaya, wasu kuma a shekara ɗaya da rabi. Yaro mai fama da Down syndrome ba zai fara tafiya ba har sai ya kai kimanin shekara biyu. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na ci gabansa.

Halayen Halayya

Yaro mai fama da Down syndrome zai iya nuna wasu halaye na ɗabi'a. Wannan yana iya zama saboda ba zai iya bayyana buƙatunsa ga kai ko masu kula da shi ba. Kuna iya ganin waɗannan halaye:

• Taurin kai da fushi .
• Wahalar mai da hankali .
• Halaye masu yawan sha'awa ko tilastawa suna da alaƙa da yawan jaraba ga wasu abubuwa ko kuma maimaita abubuwa iri ɗaya .

Me ke haifar da Down Syndrome?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, babban abin da ke haifar da Down syndrome shine kasancewar ƙarin chromosome . Musamman ma, yana faruwa ne sakamakon canji a yadda ƙwayoyin halitta ke raba chromosome 21. Duk wanda ke da Down syndrome yana da ƙarin chromosome 21 a cikin wasu ko duk ƙwayoyin halittarsa.

Akwai nau'ikan Down syndrome guda uku, kowannensu yana da dalilai daban-daban.

• Trisomy 21 `(Trisomy 21)`
• Canja wuri
• Tsarin Mosaic

Menene Trisomy 21?

Wannan shine nau'in Down Syndrome da aka fi sani . "Trisomy" yana nufin samun ƙarin kwafin chromosome. A cikin Trisomy 21, kowace ƙwayar halitta a cikin tayin da ke tasowa tana da kwafin chromosome guda uku 21. Yawanci, akwai biyu kawai. Wannan nau'in ya kai kashi 95% na mutanen da ke fama da Down Syndrome.

Menene Ciwon Canjawa?

A cikin wannan nau'in, dukkan ko wani ɓangare na chromosome 21 an haɗa shi da wani chromosome. Ba kamar trisomy 21 ba, inda maimakon samun ƙarin kwafin chromosome 21 shi kaɗai, an haɗa shi da wani chromosome mai lamba daban. Wannan nau'in ana ganinsa a ƙasa da kashi 4% na mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome.

Menene Mosaic Down Syndrome?

Wannan ita ce nau'in Down Syndrome mafi wuya . Yana faruwa a ƙasa da kashi 1% na dukkan lamuran. "Mosaicism" yana nufin cewa wasu ƙwayoyin halitta suna da chromosomes 46 na yau da kullun, yayin da wasu kuma suna da chromosomes 47 (gami da ƙarin chromosome 21). Yana kama da mosaic da aka yi da duwatsu masu launi daban-daban. Shi ya sa ake kiransa mosaic.

Ta yaya za a iya gano cutar Down syndrome kafin a haifi jariri?

Wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da shakku ga likitoci game da Down syndrome. Wasu gwaje-gwajen kuma na iya tabbatar da yanayin.

Gwaje-gwajen gwajin haihuwa kafin haihuwa

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna duba ne kawai ko jaririnku yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Down syndrome. Ba za su iya tabbatarwa ba .Wannan na iya haɗawa da gwajin jini ko kuma hoton duban uwa. A lokacin gwajin, likita yana neman alamun wani abu kamar ƙarin ruwa a bayan wuyan jaririn. Wani lokaci, ko da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen farko sun zama ruwan dare, jaririn yana iya samun Down syndrome.

Gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali yayin daukar ciki

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya tabbatar da Down Syndrome. Yawanci ana yin waɗannan idan gwaje-gwajen tantancewa da aka ambata a sama sun nuna cewa akwai haɗari. Tunda waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haifar da ƙaramin haɗari ga uwa da jaririn da ke cikin mahaifa, likita ya ba da shawarar su ne kawai bayan an yi la'akari da su sosai. Misalan:

• Amniocentesis: Gwaji wanda ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin ruwa a kusa da jariri.
• Samfurin Chorionic villus (CVS): Hanya ce da ake ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na mahaifa kuma a duba ta.
• Samfurin jinin cibiya ta Percutaneous (PUBS): Gwaji wanda ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin jini daga igiyar cibiya.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya gano canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar chromosomes daidai.

Ta yaya ake gane Down Syndrome bayan an haifi jariri?

Bayan an haifi jaririn, likitoci suna duba jaririn don gano alamun da aka ambata a baya. Don tabbatar da ganewar cutar, akwai gwaji na musamman wanda ke ɗaukar jinin jaririn, wanda ake kira gwajin karyotype . Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar samfurin jinin jaririn da duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don ganin ko jaririn yana da ƙarin ƙwayar chromosome ta 21.

Me za ka yi idan ka gano cewa jaririnka a cikin mahaifa yana da Down Syndrome?

Gano cewa jaririnka yana da Down syndrome na iya zama shawara mai wahala. Amma ka tuna cewa ba kai kaɗai ba ne. Likitanka zai iya taimaka maka wajen nemo albarkatu, ayyukan ba da shawara, da ƙungiyoyin tallafi da kake buƙata.

A irin waɗannan lokutan, yana da matuƙar amfani a sami shawara, ko kuma a shiga ƙungiyar tallafi inda sauran iyaye masu yara masu fama da Down syndrome ke taruwa. A can, za ku iya raba abubuwan da suka fuskanta, ku sami shawarwari masu amfani, kuma ku sami ƙarfi. Kamar dai idan akwai matsala a ƙauyenmu, kowa yana haɗuwa don taimakawa.

Menene maganin Down Syndrome?

Babu maganin Down Syndrome. Duk da haka, akwai magunguna da tallafi da yawa da ake da su don taimaka wa yaronku ya girma zuwa ga cikakken ƙarfinsa da kuma rayuwa mai daɗi. An tsara waɗannan jiyya ne don taimakawa yaron ci gaban jiki da tunani. Misalai sun haɗa da:

• Maganin motsa jiki ko kuma maganin aiki .
• Maganin magana .
• A makarantaShiga cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi na musamman.
• Magance wasu matsalolin lafiya da ke haifar da hakan .
• Sanya tabarau don matsalolin gani ko amfani da na'urorin ji masu taimako don matsalolin ji.

Wa ya kamata ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar kula da yarana?

Idan yaronka yana da Down syndrome, zai buƙaci ganin kwararru daban-daban domin tabbatar da cewa yana cikin koshin lafiya. Wannan ƙungiyar na iya haɗawa da:

• Masu kula da yara na farko : Kula da girman ɗanku, ci gabansa, allurar rigakafi, da kuma matsalolin lafiya gaba ɗaya.
• Likitoci na ƙwararru bisa ga buƙatun yaron: Misali, likitan zuciya, likitan endocrinologist, likitan kwayoyin halitta, da kuma likitan kunne.
• Masu ba da shawara kan magana : Taimaka wa yaron ya yi magana.
• Masu ilimin motsa jiki : Ƙarfafa tsokoki da kuma inganta ƙwarewar motsi.
• Masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na sana'a: Haɓaka ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don yin ayyukan yau da kullun cikin sauƙi.
• Masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam: Taimakawa wajen magance ƙalubalen motsin rai da ke tattare da Down syndrome.

Waɗanne wasu matsalolin lafiya za a iya danganta su da Down Syndrome?

Mutane masu fama da Down syndrome na iya kamuwa da wasu matsalolin lafiya da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa ko kuma su ci gaba da tasowa akan lokaci. Likita zai iya taimaka muku da ɗanku wajen magance waɗannan matsalolin. Mafi yawan cututtuka sune:

• Matsalolin zuciya .
• Matsalolin thyroid .
• Matsalolin tsarin narkewar abinci : maƙarƙashiya, reflux na gastroesophageal, da cutar celiac.
• Autism : Kalubale da suka shafi ƙwarewar zamantakewa, sadarwa, da kuma halaye masu maimaitawa.
• Cutar Alzheimer (yayin da kake tsufa).

Shin mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Alzheimer?

Eh, mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Alzheimer yayin da suke tsufa. Bincike ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 30% na mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome a cikin shekarunsu na 50 da kuma kusan kashi 50% na mutanen da ke cikin shekarunsu na 60 na iya kamuwa da cutar.

An ce ƙarin ƙwayar halittar chromosome 21 ita ce sanadin wannan ƙaruwar haɗarin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin ƙwayar halittar chromosome 21 suna samar da furotin da ake kira amyloid precursor protein, wanda ke da alhakin canje-canjen da aka gani a cikin kwakwalwar marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer.

Za a iya hana Down Syndrome?

Ciwon Down syndrome cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta, don haka ba za a iya hana ta ba . Idan kana son sanin haɗarin da ke tattare da haihuwar ɗa mai wannan matsalar, yi magana da likitanka game da shawarar kwayoyin halitta.

Me ya kamata ku yi tsammani idan kuna da ɗa mai Down Syndrome?

Da goyon baya da ƙauna mai kyau, yara masu fama da Down syndrome za su iya rayuwa cikin farin ciki da koshin lafiya . Magani da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya taimaka musu su shawo kan matsalolin ci gaba, su koyi karatu tare da sauran yara masu shekarunsu, su gina abota, da kuma samun ayyukan yi masu nasara.

Akwai ƙungiyoyi da albarkatu da yawa don taimaka wa iyaye, iyalai, da masu kula da su.

Akwai maganin Down Syndrome?

A'a. Ciwon Down syndrome cuta ce da ke ci gaba da shafar rayuwar mutum har abada kuma babu magani . Duk da haka, ana iya magance alamun, kuma akwai magunguna ga wasu matsalolin lafiya da ka iya faruwa.

Yaya tsawon rayuwar mutanen da ke fama da Down Syndrome?

A zamanin yau, matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar wanda ke fama da Down syndrome shine shekaru 60 ko fiye . Suna iya buƙatar tallafi da kulawa a tsawon rayuwarsu.

Wadanne albarkatu ne ake da su ga mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome da iyalansu?

Akwai albarkatu da yawa don taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome da iyalansu. Iyalai da yawa suna shiga ƙungiyoyin tallafawa Down syndrome don raba abubuwan da suka faru da kuma tattaunawa game da hanyoyin taimaka wa 'ya'yansu su rayu cikin koshin lafiya da gamsuwa.

Mutane masu fama da Down Syndrome na iya buƙatar tallafi a tsawon rayuwarsu. Baya ga magani, suna iya buƙatar taimako da abubuwa kamar ilimi, aiki, da rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke ba da ilimi da ƙarfi ga waɗannan mutane da iyalansu. Akwai ƙungiyoyi da shirye-shirye makamantan haka a Sri Lanka, don haka za ku iya duba su.

Wadanne tambayoyi ya kamata in yi wa likitana?

• Idan ina da zargin Down Syndrome, ta yaya zan iya shirya don haihuwar jariri na?
• Ta yaya zan iya tallafa wa ɗana?
• Za ku iya ba da shawarar duk wani kayan aiki da zai iya taimaka wa iyalai?
• Wa ya kamata ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar kula da yarana?

Shin mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome za su iya samun yara?

Eh, mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome na iya samun 'ya'ya. Kimanin kashi 50% na mata suna iya samun 'ya'ya. Maza na iya samun ƙarancin haihuwa. Ga uwa mai Down syndrome, haɗarin yada yanayin kwayoyin halitta ga 'ya'yanta yana tsakanin kashi 35% zuwa 50%.

Abu ne na al'ada a ji damuwa idan ka gano cewa ɗanka yana da Down syndrome. Yayin da kake ƙoƙarin jure wa labarin, ka tuna cewa ba kai kaɗai ba ne kuma ƙarin ƙwayar halittar ɗanka wani ɓangare ne na asalinsa. Za ka iya samun tallafi daga ƙungiyar likitocin ɗanka, ko daga ƙungiyoyin iyali da masu kula da yara don ƙarin koyo game da yanayin da kuma taimaka wa ɗanka ya bunƙasa.

Muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata mu tuna (Saƙon Kai-Gida)

Ciwon Down syndrome ba abu ne da za a ji tsoro ba, yana da muhimmanci a sami cikakken bayani game da shi.

• Wannan yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta, ba laifin kowa ba ne.
• Kowanne yaro ya bambanta, kuma yara masu fama da Down syndrome suna girma ta hanyarsu ta musamman.
• Da zarar an gano su da wuri da kuma magani da tallafi da ake buƙata, waɗannan yaran za su iya rayuwa mai daɗi da ma'ana.
• Ba kai kaɗai ba ne! Akwai mutane da albarkatu da yawa da za su taimaka maka da kuma tallafa maka. Ka fuskanci wannan ƙalubalen da hali mai kyau da ƙauna .

Ku tuna, kowane yaro kyauta ce mai tamani. Idan aka ba shi ƙauna, kulawa, da damar da yake buƙata, za su iya cin nasara a duniya!

Ciwon Down , ƙwayoyin halitta, cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, ci gaban yara, buƙatu na musamman, ilimin lafiya, Sri Lanka