Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin abin da ke faruwa da abincin da muke ci bayan ya shiga cikinmu? Ina wannan abincin yake tafiya bayan ciki? A yau za mu yi magana game da wani muhimmin tasha a wannan tafiya. Wannan ƙaramin jarumi ne wanda a hankali yake yin babban aiki a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Bari mu san shi dalla-dalla.
A taƙaice dai, menene duodenum ?
Duodenum shine ɓangaren farko na ƙaramin hanji . Duk da cewa ana kiransa "ƙaramin hanji," a zahiri shine mafi tsayin ɓangaren tsarin narkewar abinci. A nan ne ake raba abubuwan gina jiki (sunadarai, mai, bitamin , da sauransu) a cikin abincin da muke ci zuwa wani nau'in ruwa wanda jiki zai iya sha.
Ƙaramin hanji yana kama da ƙaramin bututu mai siffar harafin 'C'. Abincin da ke fitowa daga ciki yana fara shiga wannan ƙaramin hanji. Sassan biyu na gaba na ƙaramin hanji sune jejunum da ileum.
Menene manyan ayyukan duniya?
Babban aikin ciki shine ci gaba da tsarin narkewar abinci wanda ke farawa daga baki da ciki da kuma fara shan sinadarai masu gina jiki cikin jini. Ka yi tunanin kafin ka isa ciki, abinci ya gauraya da miyau da sinadarin ciki don samar da ruwa mai kauri, ko kuma mu ce "forozot na abinci" ('chyme'). Wannan porozot na abinci yana canzawa zuwa sinadarai masu gina jiki da jiki zai iya amfani da su a cikin ciki.
Ga manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin duniyar:
| aiki | Tsarin yana da sauƙi. |
|---|---|
| Rage acidity na abinci | Abincin (chyme) da ke fitowa daga ciki yana da sinadarin acid sosai. Wani sinadari (secretin) da pancreas ke samarwa yana fitar da wani enzyme da ake kira bicarbonate, wanda ke rage wannan sinadarin acid. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa shan abubuwan gina jiki da kuma hana lalacewar ƙaramin hanji sakamakon yawan sinadarin acid. |
| Mayar da abinci zuwa abubuwan gina jiki masu gina jiki | Pancreas yana samar da wani hormone (cholecystokinin). Wannan yana nuna pancreas, gallbladder, da hanta don aika abubuwan da kuke buƙatar narke abinci. Bile, wanda ke fitowa daga gallbladder da hanta, yana narkar da kitse. Enzymes daga pancreas suna rushe kitse, carbohydrates, da sunadarai. Sannan ana sha waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki cikin jini. |
| Tura abinci gaba | Sauran ƙwayoyin abinci da ba a sha ba ana tura su zuwa wani ɓangare na ƙaramin hanji (jejunum). Ana yin wannan ta hanyar motsi mai ƙarfi (peristalsis) wanda bangon jejunum ke ƙunƙulewa da faɗaɗawa. |
Menene girman duniyar da kuma matsayinta?
Duodenum shine mafi gajarta na ƙaramin hanji. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 10. Wannan bai kai ƙafa ɗaya ba. Kalmar Latin "duodenum" tana nufin "yatsu 12." Wannan yana nufin tsawonsa ya kai yatsu 12 da aka sanya gefe da gefe.
Ka yi tunanin, dukkan ƙaramin hanjinka yana da tsawon ƙafa 22. Wannan shine kusan tsawon filin wasan tennis. Amma a cikin ƙaramin yanki mai inci 10 ne kawai na wannan tsawon ake samun wannan muhimmin sinadarin gina jiki.
Esophagus yana ƙarƙashin ciki. Yana lanƙwasa a siffar 'C' zuwa dama da baya, ƙasa, sannan zuwa hagu. Mafi faɗin ɓangaren pancreas ɗinka yana cikin wannan lanƙwasa mai siffar 'C'.
Sassa huɗu na duniya
Za a iya raba duniyar zuwa manyan sassa guda huɗu, waɗanda aka sanya musu suna bisa ga wurin da take da kuma siffarta.
1. Kashi mafi girma: Wannan shine ɓangaren sama wanda ke haɗuwa da ciki. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 2. Saboda yana da sauƙin kamuwa da sinadarin acid a cikin ciki, gyambon ciki a cikin ƙaramin hanji yana iya samuwa a wannan ɓangaren.
2. Sashe mai saukowa: Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wannan sashe ne mai siffar 'C' wanda ke sauka. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 4. Bututun da ke fitowa daga pancreas , gallbladder , da hanta suna haɗuwa da wannan sashe. Bile da enzymes daga waɗannan gabobi suna haɗuwa don wargaza kitse , furotin, da carbohydrates.
3. Sashe na kwance:Wannan kuma tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 4. Yana gudana daga dama zuwa hagu, kuma yana saman manyan jijiyoyin jini da dama a jikinmu.
4. Sashe mai hawa: Wannan shine ƙaramin ɓangaren ƙaramin hanji. Tsawonsa ɗan ƙasa da inci ɗaya ne. Yana miƙewa sama kuma yana haɗuwa da ɓangaren ƙaramin hanji na gaba (jejunum).
Ta yaya aka samar da bangon duniyar?
Bangon mahaifa ya ƙunshi manyan layuka guda huɗu.
- Mucosa: Wannan shine mafi girman Layer. Yana da ƙananan siffofi kamar yatsun hannu (microvilli). Waɗannan suna ƙara girman saman hanji, suna ba da damar shan abubuwan gina jiki sosai.
- Submucosa: Wannan Layer yana ɗauke da jijiyoyin jini da nama mai haɗin kai. Hakanan yana ɗauke da glandar Brunner, waɗanda ke samar da wani abu da ke rage yawan sinadarin acid da ke fitowa daga ciki.
- Muscularis: Wannan tsoka ce mai santsi. Babban aikinsa shine haɗa abinci gaba.
- Serosa: Wannan shine murfin kariya mafi kyau.
A taƙaice dai, grahini kamar injin haɗa na'ura da tacewa ne mai fasaha. Yana sarrafa sinadarin acid na abinci, yana ƙara enzymes ɗin da ake buƙata, yana raba sinadaran gina jiki, sannan ya aika sauran zuwa mataki na gaba.
Matsaloli da rashin lafiya da za su iya tasowa a duniya
Saboda yana kusa da ciki, esophagus zai fi lalacewa idan sinadarin acid na ciki ya ƙaru. Wannan acid ɗin na iya haifar da ciwon ciki da makogwaro. Manyan dalilai guda biyu na wannan sune kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira 'H. pylori' da kuma yawan shan magungunan rage radadi da ake kira 'NSAIDs' (maganin hana kumburi marasa steroidal) (misali aspirin, ibuprofen) .
Idan raunin da ba a yi masa magani ba ya haifar da mummunan lalacewa ga bangon mahaifa kuma ya lalata jijiyoyin jini a bayansa, zai iya haifar da zubar jini mai tsanani. Wannan yanayi ne da ke buƙatar gaggawar magani.
Cututtuka da yawa da ke shafar ƙaramin hanji suma suna iya shafar pancreas.
- Cutar Crohn: Yanayi ne da ke haifar da kumburi da kumburin ƙananan hanji.
- Ciwon Celiac: Yanayi ne da ke haifar da matsalolin narkewar abinci idan aka ci abinci mai ɗauke da gluten.
- Ciwon daji na Duodenal: Ciwon daji da ke farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin duodenum.
- Ciwon Duodenitis: Kumburi a cikin duodenum.
- Toshewar ƙananan hanji: Toshewar ƙananan hanji gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare, har da dubura. Wannan kuma gaggawa ce ta likita.
Alamomin da aka saba gani waɗanda ke nuna matsala
Idan akwai matsala, alamun na iya bambanta dangane da cutar. Duk da haka, ga alamun da ake gani galibi a cikin matsalolin tsarin narkewar abinci.
- Ciwon ciki
- Kumburin ciki da kuma kumburin ciki
- Maƙarƙashiya
- Gudawa
- Tashin zuciya da amai
- Rashin narkewar abinci (rashin jin daɗi bayan cin abinci)
- Amai da jini ko kuma zubar da jini a cikin bayan gida (wannan na iya zama alamar zubar jini daga rauni)
Idan waɗannan alamun suka ci gaba, tabbatar da ganin likitanka don neman shawara .
Hanyoyin duba lafiyar mahaifa
Likitanka zai yi odar gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙata bisa ga alamun cutar. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Gwajin numfashi don kamuwa da cutar H. pylori.
- Scans: Gwaje-gwaje kamar 'Ultrasound', 'X-rays', 'CT scan' ko 'MRI' don neman ƙumburi da kumburi a cikin mahaifa.
- Endoscopy: Ana saka ƙaramin bututu mai kyamara a baki don duba cikin esophagus.
- Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta: Idan akwai wani kumburi mara kyau, ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga ciki kuma a gwada don gano ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Magungunan da aka saba amfani da su don cututtukan mahaifa
Ana ƙayyade magani ta hanyar yanayin.
- Maganin rigakafi: Don kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar H. pylori.
- Magungunan Steroid (Corticosteroids): Don rage yawan kumburi.
- Magungunan da ke rage sinadarin acid a cikin ciki: Magunguna kamar su 'Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)', 'H2 blockers' da 'antacids'.
- Tiyata: Tiyata na iya zama dole idan akwai matsalolin ciwon daji ko wasu matsalolin tsarin jiki.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Duodenum shine ɓangare na farko, mai siffar 'C' na ƙaramin hanji. Duk da cewa ƙarami ne, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen narkar da abinci da kuma shan abubuwan gina jiki.
- Nan ne ake rage yawan sinadarin acid da ke fitowa daga ciki, a mayar da shi abinci mai gina jiki, sannan a fara sha a cikin jini.
- Yawan amfani da magungunan rage radadi (NSAIDs) da kuma kamuwa da cutar H. pylori na iya haifar da gyambo a cikin ciki.
- Idan alamun kamar ciwon ciki, kumburi, da amai suka ci gaba, kada ka yi watsi da su ka je wurin likita.
- Cin abinci mai yawan fiber, kayan lambu, da shan isasshen ruwa, da kuma guje wa shan taba da shan barasa mai yawa, suna da matuƙar amfani ga dukkan tsarin narkewar abinci da kuma mahaifa.
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