Bari mu koyi game da endothelium - wani ɓoyayyen ƙarfi a jikinka.

Duk mun san cewa jini yana gudana a cikin jikinmu, ko ba haka ba? Wannan jinin ba wai kawai yana gudana ta hanyar hanyoyin bututu da ake kira tasoshin jini ba, waɗanda suke kama da bututun ruwa. Don haka kun taɓa mamakin yadda cikin waɗannan bututun yake? A yau za mu yi magana game da wani yanki mai ban mamaki, siriri na ƙwayoyin halitta wanda ke layi a cikin waɗannan bututun. Muna kiran wannan 'endothelium' . Wannan ba kawai wani rufi bane, tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda ke yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar jikinku gaba ɗaya.

A taƙaice dai, menene wannan endothelium?

Ka yi tunanin cewa kowace jijiyoyin jini a jikinka an lulluɓe ta da wani siririn membrane mai santsi, ƙwayar halitta ɗaya kauri kawai, kamar bangon bango. Wannan shine endothelium. Ya ƙunshi wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta na musamman da ake kira ƙwayoyin endothelial.

Ana samun wannan endothelium a waɗannan wurare a jikinka:

• Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi: Manyan jijiyoyin jini da ke ɗauke da jini daga zuciya zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
• Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi: Jijiyoyin jini da ke ɗauke da jini daga jiki zuwa zuciya.
• Kafafun Jini: Suna da kyau sosai, ƙanana jijiyoyin jini.
• Lymph capillaries: Jijiyoyin da ke cikin tsarin lymphatic ɗinmu.

Ba wai kawai bango ba ne. Yana aiki a matsayin babban cibiya don musayar bayanai da abubuwan gina jiki tsakanin jininka da sauran kyallen jikinka. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, masana kimiyya yanzu suna ɗaukar endothelium a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan gabobin jikinmu. Haka ne, gabobi ne, kamar hanta da zuciya.

Wane irin hidima ne endothelium ke yi wa jikinmu?

Aikin da wannan ƙaramin Layer na ƙwayoyin halitta ke yi abin mamaki ne. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin manyan.

Yana sarrafa matsewa da faɗaɗa jijiyoyin jini

Jijiyoyin jininka suna buƙatar faɗaɗa (vasodilate) idan ana buƙata, kuma su kunkuntar (vasoconstrict) idan ana buƙata. Wannan endothelium ne ke sarrafa shi.

Ka yi tunani a kai ta wannan hanyar.

• Lokacin da kake motsa jiki: Tsokokinka suna buƙatar ƙarin jini da iskar oxygen. Endothelium yana aika sigina don faɗaɗa tasoshin jini a wannan yanki, yana ba da damar jini ya gudana cikin sauƙi.
• A rana mai sanyi sosai: Kana son kiyaye zafin jikinka. Wannan yana sa jijiyoyin jini a hannunka da ƙafafunka su yi tauri kaɗan, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye jini zuwa manyan gabobin jikinka.

Ta wannan hanyar, tana taimakawa sosai wajen daidaita hawan jininka da kuma tabbatar da cewa dukkan gabobin jiki sun sami adadin jinin da ake buƙata.

Yana sarrafa adadin ruwan da ke motsawa daga jini zuwa kyallen takarda

Endothelium kamar matattara ne. Yana ba da damar sinadarai masu gina jiki da iskar oxygen daga jini su ratsa zuwa kyallen takarda, yayin da kuma yake aiki a matsayin shinge mai kariya wanda ke hana abubuwa masu cutarwa da guba shiga jini. Duk da haka, idan kana da kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin garkuwar jikinmu suna buƙatar fita daga jini su je inda kamuwa da cuta take. Sannan endothelium da kansa yana share hanyar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin za su isa can.

Yana hana zubar jini (thrombosis)

Yawanci, toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini yana da haɗari sosai, ko ba haka ba? Yana iya haifar da mummunan yanayi kamar bugun zuciya da shanyewar jiki. Endothelium mai lafiya yana fitar da sinadarai na musamman kamar nitric oxide, waɗanda ke kiyaye ruwan jini kuma suna hana zubar jini ba dole ba.

Yaya girman endothelium yake? Ina yake a jikinmu?

Idan wani ya tambaye ka inda zuciyarka take, sai ka nuna ƙirjinka. Idan wani ya tambaye ka inda kwakwalwarka take, sai ya nuna maka kai. Amma idan wani ya tambaye ka inda endothelium take, za ka iya nuna maka kowane ɓangare na jikinka. Yana yaɗuwa a ko'ina cikin jiki.

Ka yi tunani kawai, idan aka shimfida dukkan jijiyoyin jini a cikin matsakaicin mutum, da tsawonsu ya kai kimanin kilomita 100,000 ! Wannan ya isa ya zagaya duniya sau biyu. Kuma wannan tsawon duka an rufe shi da wannan endothelium. Idan ka ɗauki yankinsa, yawanci ya fi girma fiye da filayen wasan tennis da yawa. Haka kuma, wannan tsarin gaba ɗaya ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin endothelial sama da tiriliyan (1,000,000,000,000).

Menene Matsalar Endothelial?

Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren da muke buƙatar kulawa da shi. 'Rashin aikin Endothelial' yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin endothelial sun lalace kuma ba za su iya yin aikinsu yadda ya kamata ba. Kamar kwalta da ke kan hanya ta faɗi, wanda hakan ke sa motoci su yi wahala su ci gaba da tuƙi.

Me ke faruwa idan endothelium ɗin kansa ya yi rauni?

Idan endothelium ya lalace, samansa mai santsi zai yi kauri. Cholesterol mara kyau (LDL) sai ya fara taruwa a waɗannan wuraren da ke da tauri. A sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin halitta daga tsarin garkuwar jiki suna zuwa su taruwa a can. Duk wannan yana taruwa, kuma bayan lokaci, yana samar da 'mai kitse' (plaque) .

Yayin da wannan kitsen ke girma, jijiyoyin jini suna raguwa daga ciki. Wannan yana hana kwararar jini. Idan wata rana wannan kitsen ya fashe, toshewar jini zai iya samuwa a wannan wurin ya toshe hanyoyin jini gaba daya.

Saboda haka, mutumin da ke da rauni a cikin endothelium zai iya fuskantar waɗannan abubuwan haɗari:

• Ciwon zuciya
• bugun jini
• Cutar jijiyoyin zuciya
• Cutar jijiyoyin gefe
• Cutar koda
• Juriyar Insulin

To ta yaya za mu kiyaye lafiyar wannan endothelium?

Labari mai daɗi shine za mu iya kare wannan endothelium mai daraja ta hanyar canza salon rayuwarmu.

A taƙaice dai, jikinmu yana samar da wani nau'in ƙwayar cuta mai suna 'free radicals' . Waɗannan suna lalata ƙwayoyin halittarmu na endothelial. Abubuwan kirki da ke taimakawa wajen kawar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ana kiransu 'antioxidants' . Don haka abin da muke buƙatar yi shi ne rage samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ta hanyar cin abinci mai wadataccen sinadarin antioxidants.

Abubuwa masu kyau da za a yi

Ku ci abinci mai yawan antioxidants.

• Kayan lambu masu duhu kore: alayyafo, kale, ganyen collard.
• 'Ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu masu launuka masu haske: tumatir, karas, beets, barkono mai kararrawa, lemu, innabi.
• Hatsi cikakke: shinkafa mai launin ruwan kasa, hatsi, da gero.
• Man zaitun masu lafiya: man zaitun, avocado.

Za ka iya yin magana da likitanka game da wannan nau'in abincin (misali, abincin Bahar Rum) kuma ka yi canje-canje da suka dace da kai.

Abubuwa marasa kyau da za a guje wa

Waɗannan abubuwa suna ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba a jikinka.

• Shan taba: Wannan shine babban abokin gaba. Bari yau.
• Abinci mai yawan sukari da alewa: Waɗannan suna ƙara kumburi a jiki.
• Abincin da aka sarrafa: Waɗannan na iya ƙunsar kitse da sinadarai masu cutarwa.
• Damuwa mai yawa.
• Rashin samun isasshen barci.

Haka kuma, motsa jiki akai-akai yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyar endothelial. Idan kana motsa jiki, yawan sinadarin nitric oxide yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke sa jijiyoyin jininka su kasance lafiya. Ko da wani abu mai sauƙi kamar tafiya na mintuna 30 a rana zai iya kawo babban canji.

Idan kana da wata matsala ta lafiya kamar hawan jini, ciwon suga, ko cholesterol, yana da muhimmanci ka bi tsarin maganin likitanka daidai . Manufar waɗannan magunguna ita ce a shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin da kuma rage lalacewar endothelium ɗinka.