Ta yaya magani ya san inda yake ciwo?

Kavindu (mai shekaru 24) wanda ya zo asibitin a ranar ya yi mamaki da kuma son sani. Ya kalli katin maganin da ke hannunsa, ya girgiza kansa, sannan ya yi mini wata tambaya mai ban mamaki.

"Likita, jiya da daddare na yi mummunan ciwon hakori. Na sha maganin rage zafi da likitan haƙori ya ba ni. Na haɗiye maganin na aika shi cikina, amma cikin mintuna 20 ciwon haƙori ya tafi! To ta yaya wannan ƙaramin maganin ya san cewa haƙorina ne ke ciwo? Shin yana da wani irin tsarin GPS da aka gina a ciki?" Kavindu ya tambaya da gaskiya.

Na yi murmushi na ce wa Kavindu, "Kavindu, babu GPS a cikin kwayar. Amma yadda take aiki a cikin jikinmu abin mamaki ne kwarai da gaske. Kamar manzo ne ke yawo a cikin birni. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da yadda za mu nemo ainihin wurin da kwayar ke ciwo bayan ta shiga cikin ciki ta warkar da ita."

Me ke faruwa idan maganin ya shiga ciki? (Sha)

Kwaya da muka fara sha tana shiga cikinmu da ƙaramin hanjinmu. A can, acid da ruwaye a cikin ciki suna fara raba ƙwayar zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin magani da aka narkar suna sha ta bangon ƙaramin hanji zuwa cikin jininmu. A kimiyyar likitanci, ana kiran wannan tsari sha .

Rarraba a cikin jiki ta hanyar jini

Ƙwayoyin magani da suka shiga jini suna fara tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin jiki da bugun zuciya.

A nan, maganin ba wai kawai yana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa wurin da ke ciwo ba. Yana tafiya da jini zuwa kowane sashe na jiki, daga kai zuwa yatsun kafa. Kamar shayar da lambun gaba ɗaya da bututu ne. Ko da ruwan ya ratsa cikin lambun, tsire-tsire ne kawai ke shanye shi, ko ba haka ba? Haka magani ke aiki.

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Tsarin Makulli da Maɓalli

Hanya mafi kyau ta fahimtar yadda magani ke aiki da kuma inda ake buƙatarsa ​​ita ce ta hanyar ka'idar "Kulle da Maɓallin Samfura" .

Jikinmu ya ƙunshi biliyoyin ƙwayoyin halitta. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin yana da ƙananan "makulli" a samansa wanda aka yi da furotin na musamman. A magani, muna kiran waɗannan masu karɓa .

Kwayoyin sinadarai da ke cikin ƙwayoyin da muke sha suna kama da "maɓallan" da aka tsara musamman. Yayin da waɗannan maɓallan ke tafiya ta cikin jinin jiki a ko'ina, suna manne da ƙwayar da ke da ainihin makulli (mai karɓar) da suka dace da ita.

• Yadda Maganin rage zafi ke aiki: Idan hakori ya yi zafi, ƙwayoyin da ke cikin haƙori suna samar da sinadarai da ke nuna ciwo. Maganin rage zafi yana tafiya ta cikin jinin jiki kuma yana toshe masu karɓa a kan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da waɗannan siginar ciwo zuwa kwakwalwa. Sannan, saƙon ciwon ba ya zuwa kwakwalwa, don haka ba ma jin ciwon hakori.
• Yadda maganin alerji ke aiki:Ta hanyar toshe masu karɓar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ɗaure ga sinadarin histamine wanda ke haifar da rashin lafiyan, ana kawar da alamun kamar atishawa da ƙaiƙayi.

Mu'amala da Enzymes

Baya ga masu karɓa, akwai ƙungiyar ma'aikata a jikinmu waɗanda ke hanzarta kowane tsari na sinadarai. Ana kiransu enzymes .

Wasu magunguna suna aiki ta hanyar dakatar da ayyukan waɗannan enzymes na ɗan lokaci. Misali, magunguna kamar Panadol (Paracetamol) suna aiki ta hanyar dakatar da ayyukan enzymes a cikin jiki waɗanda ke kunnawa lokacin da muke da ciwo da zazzaɓi.

Me yasa muke samun illa?

Saboda ƙwayoyi suna yawo a cikin jiki, wani lokacin suna iya ɗaurewa ga masu karɓa a wurare daban-daban banda inda muke so.

Misali, wasu magunguna don ciwon ciki na iya tafiya ta cikin jini kuma su ɗaure ga masu karɓa a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda hakan ke sa mu ji kamar muna jin barci. Wannan ana kiransa sakamako mai illa .

Magungunan Zamani da Nanotechnology

Duk da cewa tsoffin magunguna sun shafi dukkan jiki, magungunan zamani sun ci gaba sosai har yanzu magungunan zamani sun zama kamar makamai masu linzami da ke kai hari ga abin da suke so.

• Fasahar Nano: Wannan yana ba da damar a lulluɓe magunguna a cikin ƙwayoyin nano, waɗanda suka fi ƙanƙanta fiye da gashi sau miliyoyi, sannan a kai su kai tsaye ga ƙwayoyin da ke fama da cutar (misali, ƙwayoyin cutar kansa).
• Maganin Kariya Daga Cututtukan Jiki: An ƙirƙiro magunguna waɗanda ke gane kuma suna kai hari ga takamaiman alamomi a saman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, wanda hakan ke rage lalacewar ƙwayoyin lafiya da illolin da ke tattare da su.

Magani daga yanayi

Yawancin magungunan Yamma da muke gani a yau sun samo asali ne daga tsirrai na halitta da fungi.

• Aspirin: An fara gano Aspirin, maganin rage radadi da rage jini mafi shahara a duniya, daga bawon bishiyar willow.
• Penicillin: An gano maganin rigakafi na farko daga wani nau'in kwayar cuta mai suna Penicillium notatum.

🚨 Gargaɗi da shawarwarin likita

Duk da cewa magunguna suna da matuƙar amfani ga jiki, rashin amfani da su na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.