Shin kun taɓa tunanin yadda tsarin numfashi yake da ban mamaki da rikitarwa? Ba tare da mun sani ba, wannan yana faruwa fiye da sau dubu ashirin a rana. Yayin da muke barci, aiki, da wasa, babban jarumin da ke bayan wannan aikin ban mamaki na samar wa jikinmu iskar oxygen da ake buƙata, wato, iskar oxygen , da kuma fitar da iskar gas marasa amfani, shine huhunmu . Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da huhu, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu.
Menene huhu? Ina suke?
A taƙaice dai, huhu shine babban ɓangaren tsarin numfashinmu , wato hanyar sadarwa ta gabobin da ke cikin numfashinmu. Muna da huhu biyu. Suna cikin ƙirjinmu, wato yankin da ke tsakanin wuya da ciki, a kowane gefe. Muna kuma kiran wannan ƙirjin.
Huhu ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance.
Huhun Dama
Huhun huhu na dama ya kasu kashi uku, ko kuma abin da muke kira 'lobes' . Ya ɗan gajarta fiye da huhun hagu, amma ya faɗi. Huhun huhunmu biyu suna rufe da wani membrane mai kariya da ake kira 'pleural tissue' .
Huhu na Hagu
Huhun hagu yana da lobes biyu. Wannan ya fi na dama ƙanƙanta. Dalilin hakan shine don samar da sarari ga zuciyarmu. Zuciyarmu tana inda ya kamata tsakiyar huhun hagu ya kasance. Don haka a cikin huhun hagu, akwai ƙaramin sarari da aka yanke don dacewa da zuciya, wanda muke kira 'ƙwanƙolin zuciya' .
Me ke faruwa a cikin huhu da gaske?
Babban aikin huhu shine samar da iskar oxygen ga ƙwayoyin jikinmu da kuma cire carbon dioxide, wani abu da ƙwayoyin halitta ke samarwa, daga jiki. Wannan tsari yana faruwa sau 12 zuwa 20 a minti ɗaya.
Ka yi tunanin kana numfashi.
1. Idan ka shaƙa ta hanci ko baki, iska tana ratsa bayan makogwaronka ta shiga cikin bututun iska , wato babban bututun iska .
2. Sannan wannan hanyar iskar huhu ta rabu zuwa rassan biyu. Muna kiran waɗannan 'bututun huhu' . Ɗaya yana haɗuwa da huhun dama, ɗayan kuma yana haɗuwa da huhun hagu.
3. A cikin huhu, waɗannan bututun suna raba zuwa ƙananan rassan da ake kira 'bronchi' har ma da ƙananan bututu da ake kira 'bronchioles' .
4. A ƙarshe, waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin suna haɗuwa da tarin ƙananan jakar iska waɗanda suke kama da tarin inabi. Waɗannan ana kiransu 'alveoli' . Waɗannan su ne manyan dodanni a cikin huhunmu. Ta waɗannan jakar iska ne ake ƙara iskar oxygen a cikin iskar da muke shaƙa a cikin jini.
Bayan shan iskar oxygen, jini yana barin huhu ya tafi zuwa zuciya. Daga nan, zuciya tana fitar da wannan jini mai cike da iskar oxygen a cikin jiki. A lokacin ne kowace ƙwayar halitta da kyallen jikinmu ke samun iskar oxygen da take buƙata don rayuwa.
Idan ƙwayoyin jiki suka yi amfani da iskar oxygen, suna samar da iskar carbon dioxide a matsayin sharar gida. Yana komawa cikin jini ya kuma yi tafiya zuwa huhu. Idan muka fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da ba a so, sai ta fita daga jiki.
Domin huhu ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata, dole ne waɗannan hanyoyin iska su kasance a buɗe lokacin da muke shaƙatawa da fita. Dole ne kuma a sami kumburi ko tarin majina da yawa.
Ta yaya huhu ke kare kansu?
Tsarin numfashinmu yana da hanyoyi masu ban mamaki na kariya don hana abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar ƙura da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin iska shiga cikin huhunmu lokacin da muke numfashi.
- Ƙananan gashi a hanci: Waɗannan suna aiki kamar matattara da ke tsaftace iska. Suna hana abubuwa kamar manyan ƙura shiga hanci.
- Majina da ke fitowa a cikin bututun iska da kuma bututun numfashi: Wannan majina yana sa hanyoyin iska su danshi. Haka kuma yana kama abubuwa kamar ƙura da ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Cilia: Waɗannan ƙananan sifofi ne masu kama da gashi a cikin hanyoyin iskarmu. Suna ci gaba da tafiya sama, suna tura majina da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa zuwa makogwaro. Sannan za mu iya tari su ko haɗiye su. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da yasa shan taba ke da haɗari shine cewa waɗannan silina suna lalacewa ta hanyar hayaki.
Cututtuka da yanayi da aka saba gani suna shafar huhu
Abin takaici, akwai yanayi da yawa da zasu iya shafar huhunmu. Wasu ƙanana ne, yayin da wasu kuma na iya zama na yau da kullun kuma masu tsanani. Ga wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka fi sani.
| Sunan Yanayi | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Asma | Wahalar numfashi saboda toshewar hanyar iska. |
| Ciwon mashako | Babban alamar tari shine tari. Wannan na iya zama na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun). |
| Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun (COPD) | Cutar numfashi wadda ke ƙara ta'azzara a hankali akan lokaci kuma ba za a iya warkewa gaba ɗaya ba. |
| Namoniya | Kwayar cuta da ke shiga huhu na iya haifar da ruwa ya cika huhu, wanda hakan ma zai iya buƙatar a kwantar da shi a asibiti. |
| Tarin fuka | Kwayar cuta wadda galibi ke shafar huhu, amma kuma tana iya shafar wasu sassan jiki. |
| Ciwon daji na huhu | Babban abin da ke haifar da cutar kansar huhu shine shan taba. |
| Covid-19 (COVID-19) | Kwayar cuta mai yaɗuwa wadda ka iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani a cikin numfashi. |
Menene alamun cutar huhu?
Idan kana da matsalar huhu, za ka iya fuskantar ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin. Waɗannan tabbas wani abu ne da ya kamata ka sani .
- Rashin numfashi : Rashin numfashi koda lokacin yin ƙananan ayyuka.
- Ciwon ƙirji : Ciwon da ke ƙara ta'azzara lokacin yin numfashi mai zurfi ko tari.
- Tari: Tari mai ɗorewa, musamman wanda ke ɗaukar makonni. Fitar jini.
- Gajiya: Jin gajiya mai tsanani akai-akai.
- Murmushi: Sautin busawa daga ƙirji.
- Kumburin idon ƙafa da ƙafa: Ana iya ganin hakan a wasu cututtukan huhu.
Idan har yanzu kana fama da waɗannan alamomin, kada ka yi watsi da su. Abu mafi kyau da za ka yi shi ne ka ga likitanka nan da nan ka nemi shawara.
Yaya ake duba lafiyar huhu?
Idan ka je ganin likita, zai iya duba ka ya kuma sami wasu ra'ayoyi game da huhunka. Misali:
- Ana sauraron kirji da na'urar hangen nesa (stethoscope) sannan a duba ko akwai wani sauti da ba a saba gani ba (crackles, whizing).
- Kana ƙirga adadin numfashin da kake sha a kowane minti ɗaya.
- Ana haɗa wata ƙaramar na'ura mai suna Pulse Oximeter a yatsa kuma tana auna matakin iskar oxygen a cikin jini.
Baya ga gwajin jiki, ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don gano ainihin yanayin.
Gwaje-gwajen hoto na huhu
Waɗannan suna ba likita damar ganin yanayin da ke cikin huhunka.
- X-ray na ƙirji
- CT scan
- Duban duban dan tayi
- Duban MRI
Gwaje-gwajen Aikin Huhu
Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna auna yadda huhunka ke aiki yadda ya kamata.
- Spirometry: Gwaji wanda ke auna yadda iska za ta iya fitar da sauri da kuma yawan iskar da za ka iya fitarwa.
- Gwajin tafiya na mintuna shida: Wannan yana auna yadda matakan iskar oxygen da bugun zuciyarka ke canzawa yayin da kake tafiya na mintuna 6.
Hanyoyin da za su iya buƙatar maganin sa barci
A wasu lokuta, yana iya zama dole a aika kyamara zuwa cikin huhu don duba ciki ko kuma a ɗauki wani yanki na nama (biopsy) don dubawa.
- Bronchoscopy: Hanya ce da ake bi ta hanyar bututu mai sassauƙa mai ƙaramin kyamara ta hanyoyin iska don duba huhu.
- Binciken huhu: Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga huhu sannan a duba shi ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa (microscope).
Abubuwan da za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar huhunmu
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar huhunmu, da kuma magance cututtukan huhu idan muna da su.
- A guji shan taba gaba ɗaya: Wannan shine mafi kyawun kuma mafi mahimmanci abin da za ku iya yi. Ku daina shan taba sigari, beedis, da kuma shan sigari.
- Kiyaye nauyin jiki mai kyau: Yayin da nauyin jiki ke ƙaruwa, musamman lokacin da kitse ke taruwa a yankin ciki, ikon huhu na faɗaɗawa yana raguwa.
- Motsa jiki akai-akai:Motsa jiki yana ƙara ƙarfin huhu, amma idan kai sabon shiga ne a motsa jiki, fara magana da likitanka.
- Ku ci abinci mai kyau.
- Sha ruwa mai yawa: Wannan zai taimaka wajen rage majina a cikin huhu kuma ya sauƙaƙa cirewa.
- Kare kanka daga kamuwa da cututtuka: A wanke hannu akai-akai. A guji mutanen da ba su da lafiya. A nemi alluran rigakafin da likitanka ya ba da shawara.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Huhu muhimmin bangare ne da ke samar da iskar oxygen ga jiki kuma yana cire iskar carbon dioxide.
- Shan taba shine babban illa da za ka iya yi wa huhunka. Domin kiyaye lafiyar huhunka, kana buƙatar daina shan taba gaba ɗaya.
- Kada ka yi watsi da alamun kamar tari mai ɗorewa, ƙarancin numfashi, ko ciwon ƙirji. Waɗannan na iya zama alamun yanayin huhu. Ka tuntuɓi likitanka nan da nan.
- Rayuwa mai kyau (abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki) tana da matuƙar amfani wajen kare lafiyar huhu.
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