Komai game da Gwajin Kwayoyin Halitta na Kafin Haihuwa a cikin sauƙi

Shin ke uwa ce da za ki haifa? To babban burinki shine ki haifi jariri mai lafiya. Wataƙila kin riga kin san game da gwaje-gwajen jini da hotunan da ake yi yayin daukar ciki don tabbatar da lafiyarki da ta jaririnki. Amma shin kin ji labarin wani nau'in gwaji na musamman wanda zai iya gano ko jaririn da ke cikinki yana da cutar kwayar halitta ko kuma lahani a haihuwa? A yau muna magana ne game da wannan muhimmin batu da mutane da yawa ke da tambayoyi a kai, wato Gwajin Kwayoyin Halitta kafin haihuwa.

A taƙaice dai, menene wannan gwajin kwayoyin halitta?

Domin fahimtar wannan, bari mu fara duba menene kwayoyin halitta da chromosomes. Ka yi tunanin jikinmu a matsayin babban gini. Kwayoyin halitta sune cikakken tsari, ko kuma jerin umarni, don gina wannan ginin. Kwayoyin halitta kamar manyan littattafai ne waɗanda ke riƙe waɗannan kwayoyin halitta cikin tsari. Lokacin da yaro ya girma, rabin waɗannan "littattafai" an gada su ne daga mahaifiyarsu, sauran rabin kuma daga mahaifinsu.

Don haka, wani lokacin akwai wasu kurakurai, kurakurai, ko bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan umarnin, ko a cikin waɗannan "littattafai". A lokacin ne yaro zai iya samun yanayin kwayoyin halitta ko lahani na haihuwa. Don haka, Gwajin Kwayoyin Halitta na Kafin Haihuwa shine tsarin gwada yaron kafin haihuwa, yayin daukar ciki, don ganin ko yaron yana da irin wannan matsalar.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu: bari mu fahimci bambancin

Ana iya raba waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta zuwa manyan rukuni biyu. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a fahimci ainihin bambanci tsakanin su biyun.

1. Gwaje-gwajen Gwaji: Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne da ke auna haɗari.

2. Gwaje-gwajen Ganewa: Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne da ke tabbatar da yanayin cutar.

Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar hasashen yanayi. Gwajin tantancewa yana cewa, "Akwai yiwuwar kashi 70% na ruwan sama a yau." Yana nuna cewa akwai babban yuwuwar ruwan sama, ba wai tabbas zai yi ruwan sama ba. Gwajin ganewar asali kamar tabbatar da cewa "ana ruwan sama yanzu."

Za a iya fahimtar wannan bambanci sosai daga teburin da ke ƙasa.

Waɗanne gwaje-gwajen tantancewa ne aka fi amfani da su?

Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen tantancewa da dama. Likitan ku zai ba da shawarar waɗanda suka fi dacewa da ku.

1. Gwajin kwayoyin halitta na iyaye (Gwajin Jiyya)

Wannan gwaji ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Ba a yi wa yaron wannan ba, sai dai ga uwa da uba. Akwai wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, kuma duk da cewa muna da kwayar halittar da ke haifar da wannan cutar a jikinmu, ba ma nuna alamun wannan cutar. Ana kiranmu 'mai ɗauke da cutar' . Ka yi tunanin kai mai ɗauke da wata cuta ce, kuma mijinki shi ma yana ɗauke da cutar iri ɗaya, ko da kuwa ba ku da alamun cutar, akwai kashi 25% na haɗarin cewa za a haifi yaron da wannan cutar. Thalassemia, wata cuta da aka saba gani a Sri Lanka, kyakkyawan misali ne na wannan.

• Ana yin wannan ne ta hanyar gwajin jini mai sauƙi.
• Yawanci, ana fara gwada uwa. Idan aka gano cewa uwa ce ke ɗauke da cutar, to ana gwada uban.
• Ya kamata a yi wannan gwajin sau ɗaya a rayuwa .

2. Gwaje-gwaje don neman rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar jariri

Kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu tana da nau'i-nau'i 23 na chromosomes, jimilla 46. Wani lokaci, idan aka ɗauki cikin jariri, adadin waɗannan chromosomes na iya canzawa. Misali, idan akwai uku na chromosome 21 maimakon biyu, yana iya haifar da Down syndrome.Akwai gwaje-gwaje da dama da ake yi don tantance haɗarin irin waɗannan yanayi.

• Gwajin DNA na tayin da ba shi da ƙwayoyin halitta (NIPT): Wannan kalma ce ta Sinhala da ke nufin 'Gwajin Kafin Haihuwa Ba Mai Zafi ba'. Wannan fasaha ce mai matuƙar ci gaba. Lokacin da kike da juna biyu, akwai ƙananan adadin ƙwayoyin DNA daga jaririnki da ke yawo a cikin jininki. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da samfurin jini mai sauƙi da aka ɗauka daga gare ki don raba waɗannan gutsuttsuran DNA na jaririnki da kuma duba haɗarin rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin chromosome kamar Down syndrome. Ana iya yin hakan bayan makonni 10 na ciki .
• Gwajin Jini: Wannan kuma gwaji ne da ake yi akan jinin uwa. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya duba DNA na jariri, amma yana duba matakan wasu sunadarai a cikin jinin uwa. Dangane da waɗannan matakan furotin, ana ƙididdige haɗarin da jariri zai iya fuskanta na kamuwa da cutar kwayoyin halitta. Quad Screen misali ne na wannan nau'in gwajin. Ya kamata a yi waɗannan a wasu makonni na musamman yayin daukar ciki.

3. Gwaje-gwaje don duba duk wani rashin lafiya a jikin yaron

Ana yin waɗannan sau da yawa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar daukar hoton ultrasound.

• Scan na Nuchal Translucency (NT): Wannan wani bincike ne na musamman da ake yi tsakanin makonni 11 zuwa 14 na ciki. Yana auna kauri na wani Layer na ruwa a ƙarƙashin fata a bayan wuyan jaririn. Idan wannan kauri ya fi na al'ada, yana iya zama alamar rashin daidaituwar chromosome, kamar Down syndrome, ko matsala da zuciyar jaririn.
• Gwajin AFP (Allon Magani na Uwa): Wannan gwajin jini ne da ake yi tsakanin makonni 15-22. Idan matakin furotin mai suna AFP ya ƙaru a cikin jinin uwa, yana iya nuna matsala da kashin baya na jariri (lalacewar bututun jijiyoyi) ko ciki.
• Scan Anatomy na Fetal (Anomaly Scan): Wannan scan ne da iyaye mata da yawa suka saba da shi. A cikin wannan babban scan, wanda aka yi tsakanin makonni 18 zuwa 20 , likita yana duba kowace gabobi na jariri a hankali, daga kai zuwa yatsa, gami da kwakwalwa, zuciya, koda, kashin baya, gaɓoɓi, da fuska.

Gwaje-gwajen gano cututtuka da ke tabbatar da cutar

Idan sakamakon gwajin tantancewa bai dace ba, ko kuma idan kana da babban haɗarin samun ɗa mai cutar kwayoyin halitta (misali, kasancewa sama da shekara 35, tarihin iyali), likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar gwajin ganewar asali don tabbatar da cutar.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun yi daidai sosai domin suna ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin halittar jariri. Duk da haka, ba su da sauƙi kamar gwaje-gwajen tantancewa. Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin gwaje-gwajen 'masu cin zarafi',Akwai ƙaramin haɗarin zubar da ciki (0.1% - 0.5%).

Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu na ganewar asali:

1. Amniocentesis: Ana yin wannan yawanci tsakanin makonni 16 zuwa 20 na ciki . A cikin wannan gwajin, likita, ƙarƙashin jagorancin na'urar daukar hoto, yana saka allura mai siriri ta cikin ciki zuwa cikin mahaifar ku kuma yana cire ƙaramin adadin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye da jaririn. Wannan ruwan yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin jariri.

2. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Yawanci ana yin wannan ne da wuri, tsakanin makonni 11 zuwa 13 na ciki . A nan, ana saka allura ta cikin ciki ko farji kuma ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga mahaifa. Kwayoyin da ke cikin mahaifar iri ɗaya ne da ƙwayoyin jariri.

Ta hanyar aika waɗannan samfuran zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji, ana iya tantancewa da tabbaci ko yaron yana da wasu matsalolin chromosome.

Shin ya zama dole a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen? Wanene ya fi muhimmanci a gare su?

A'a, ba dole ba ne a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen. Wannan shawara ce ta kai tsaye ga kai da iyalinka. Kafin ka yanke wannan shawara, kana buƙatar yin tunani game da imaninka, ɗabi'unka, da tsare-tsarenka na gaba.

Wasu iyaye suna son sanin wani yanayi na rashin lafiya kafin a haifi ɗansu. Ta haka, suna da lokacin yin shiri a gaba, koyo game da shi, da kuma shirya tunaninsu don kulawa ta musamman da maganin da yaron zai buƙaci.

Haka kuma, wani lokacin sakamakon zai iya zama abin takaici, kuma wasu iyaye suna tilasta musu yanke shawara mai wahala, kamar ko za su ci gaba da ɗaukar ciki ko a'a.

Yawanci, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ana ba su kulawa sosai a cikin waɗannan yanayi:

• Idan sakamakon gwajin tantancewa da aka yi a baya ya kasance "babban haɗari".
• Idan wani a cikin danginku ko dangin mijinki yana da cutar kwayar halitta.
• Idan uwar ta wuce shekara 35 (saboda haɗarin wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta yana ƙaruwa da shekaru).
• Idan kun taɓa yin zubar da ciki a baya ko kuma haihuwar da ba a haifa ba.

Tambayoyi masu mahimmanci da za a yi wa likitan ku

Kafin ka yanke shawara game da wannan, ka tambayi likitanka duk tambayoyin da kake da su ka kuma fayyace su. Kada ka ajiye komai a zuciyarka.

• "Ganin shekaruna da tarihin lafiyara, waɗanne gwaje-gwajen tantancewa ne suka fi dacewa da ni?"
• "Idan sakamakon gwajin tantancewa bai dace ba, me za mu yi a gaba?"
• "Menene haɗarin da ke tattare da ni ko jariri idan aka yi min gwajin ganewar asali?"
• "Menene yuwuwar samun sakamako na ƙarya a cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?"
• "Har yaushe ake ɗauka kafin a sami sakamako?"
• "Shin gwaji kamar NIPT zai iya tantance jinsin jaririn?" (Ee, gwajin NIPT da kuma wataƙila hoton Anomaly suma za su iya tantance jinsin jaririn.)