Idan likitanka ya taɓa yin magana game da hawan jininka, ko kuma ya yi maka bayani game da magungunan da kake sha don hawan jininka, wataƙila ka ji sunaye kamar ACE inhibitors da ARBs. A yau za mu yi magana game da tsarin da ke bayan duk wannan, wanda ke daidaita hawan jininmu akai-akai, kamar ƙungiyar manyan manajoji a cikin jikinmu. Muna kiran wannan Tsarin Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone, ko RAAS a takaice. Kodayake sunan na iya yin kama da ɗan rikitarwa, aikinsa yana da sauƙi kuma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.
A taƙaice dai, menene RAAS?
Ka yi tunanin jikinka yana da tsarin kariya wanda ke kula da hawan jininka akai-akai kuma yana amsawa da sauri idan ya yi ƙasa sosai. Wannan shine abin da RAAS yake nufi. Tarin hormones ne, enzymes, da sunadarai. Babban manufar wannan tsarin shine a ci gaba da sarrafa hawan jininmu da yawan jininmu na dogon lokaci.
Wannan tsarin yana taimakawa wajen ƙara matsin lamba ta hanyoyi uku:
- Ƙara yawan shan sodium (gishiri) daga kodan: Idan yawan gishiri a jiki ya ƙaru, ruwa ma yana nan a jiki.
- Ƙara yawan shan ruwa (riƙewa): Wannan yana ƙara yawan jini a jiki.
- Sautin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi: Matse jijiyoyin jininmu. Kamar yadda matse bututun ruwa ke sa ruwan ya yi sauri, idan jijiyoyin jini suka yi ƙarfi, matsi yana ƙaruwa.
Akwai manyan 'yan wasa uku a cikin wannan babbar ƙungiyar. Bari mu san su.
| Babban sinadari | Aikin da ake yi |
|---|---|
| Renin | Wannan wani enzyme ne da kodanmu ke samarwa. Kamar mai gadi ne. Shi ne sigina ta farko da ke kunna wannan tsarin idan ya ga hawan jini yana raguwa. |
| Angiotensin II | Wannan shine shugaban wannan rukunin. Hormone ne mai ƙarfi sosai. Yana yin abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci, kamar matse jijiyoyin jini da kuma gaya wa jiki ya riƙe gishiri da ruwa. |
| Aldosterone | Wannan hormone yana fitowa ne daga glandar adrenal, waɗanda ke saman kodanmu. Babban aikinsa shine ya gaya wa kodan su riƙe sodium (gishiri) a jiki sannan su fitar da potassium a cikin fitsari. |
Ta yaya wannan tsarin RAAS yake aiki?
Wannan kamar sarkar amsawa ce. Idan wani abu ya faru, yana haifar da wani abu daban. Bari mu fahimci waɗannan matakai a matsayin labari mai sauƙi.
Ka yi tunanin cewa saboda wani dalili (misali, ka rasa ruwa mai yawa daga jikinka - rashin ruwa, ko kuma ka rasa jini a cikin ƙaramin haɗari) hawan jininka yana raguwa.
1. Alamar farko: Kodanku suna kama da na'urori masu auna sigina. Idan suka ji wannan raguwar matsin lamba, sai su fara jin daɗi su saki wani enzyme da ake kira renin cikin jini.
2. Fassarar farko: Yayin da wannan renin ke tafiya ta cikin jini, yana haɗuwa da wani furotin da ake kira angiotensinogen, wanda ake yi a cikin hanta kuma ana sake shi cikin jini. Renin yana wargaza wannan furotin kuma yana amfani da shi don yin wani hormone da ake kira angiotensin I. Amma wannan angiotensin I ba shi da aiki, ma'ana ba zai iya yin aiki mai yawa ba.
3. Haihuwar Shugaba: Yanzu, yayin da wannan angiotensin mai barci nake tafiya ta cikin jini, musamman ta cikin huhunmu, akwai wani enzyme na musamman a can. Wannan shine Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) . Abin da wannan enzyme na ACE ke yi shine ɗaukar wannan angiotensin I mai barci ya mayar da shi zuwa angiotensin II mai ƙarfi da aiki. Yanzu an haifi ainihin shugaba.
4. Umarnin Shugaba: Yanzu wannan babban angiotensin II yana yin ayyuka da yawa a lokaci guda:
- Yana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa bangon ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a jikinmu kuma yana takura su, kamar matse bututun ruwa. Wannan yana ƙara hawan jini nan take.
- Yana zuwa kai tsaye zuwa ga glandar adrenal, wacce take saman kodan, kuma yana gaya musu su samar da wani hormone da ake kira aldosterone .
- Hakanan yana nuna alamar glandar pituitary a cikin kwakwalwa don samar da Hormone na Antidiuretic (ADH).
5. Sakamakon ƙarshe: Yanzu da aldosterone da ADH suka haɗu suka gaya wa kodan, " Kada ku fitar da sodium (gishiri) da ruwa daga jiki, ku ajiye shi a cikin jiki ." A lokaci guda, aldosterone yana fitar da potassium wanda jiki baya buƙata a cikin fitsari.
- Idan aka ajiye gishiri a jiki, ruwa ma yana nan a ajiye.
- Idan yawan ruwa a jiki ya ƙaru, jimillar jinin da ke cikin jijiyoyin jininmu (ƙarfin jini) yana ƙaruwa.
- Idan yawan jinin ya ƙaru kuma jijiyoyin jini suka taru, hawan jini zai koma matakin da ya dace ta atomatik.
A taƙaice dai, tsarin RAAS wata hanya ce ta atomatik wadda, idan hawan jini ya ragu, ke ƙara matsin lamba ta hanyar riƙe gishiri da ruwa a jiki, da kuma takura jijiyoyin jini, da sauransu.
Menene alaƙar da ke tsakanin wannan tsarin RAAS da gazawar zuciya?
Wannan muhimmin batu ne. A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, tsarin RAAS yana taimakawa wajen ceton rayukanmu. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi na dogon lokaci kamar gazawar zuciya, wannan kyakkyawan tsarin yana fara aiki a kanmu.
Ka yi tunanin zuciyar wani tana da rauni kuma ba za ta iya fitar da isasshen jini zuwa jiki ba. Wannan shine abin da muke kira gazawar zuciya.
- Idan ƙarfin bugun zuciya ya ragu, adadin jinin da ke isa ga muhimman gabobin jiki kamar koda yana raguwa.
- Idan jinin da ke kwarara zuwa kodan ya ragu, sai su yi tunanin, "Kai, matsin lamba ya yi ƙasa, babbar matsala!" Don haka kodan za su kunna tsarin RAAS cikin sauri a cikakken ƙarfinsa.
- Sannan jiki yana samar da angiotensin II da aldosterone da yawa. Waɗannan suna ƙara hawan jini kuma suna sa jiki ya riƙe gishiri da ruwa.
- Amma matsalar a nan ita ce wannan ƙaruwar matsin lamba da ƙaruwar jini suna ƙara zama ƙarin nauyi ga zuciya mai rauni da ta kasa aiki. Kamar ɗora wani nauyi ne ga mutumin da ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi ba.
- Idan aka sanya zuciya a cikin wannan ƙarin matsin lamba akan lokaci, zuciya tana rauni, tsokar zuciya tana kauri, kuma zuciya tana girma. Wannan yana sa gazawar zuciya ta ƙara muni.
Saboda wannan dalili, yawancin magungunan da likitoci ke rubutawa ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalar zuciya da hawan jini ana nufin su ne kai tsaye don sarrafa ayyukan wannan tsarin RAAS.
Magunguna da ke shafar tsarin RAAS
Manyan magunguna da dama don hawan jini da cututtukan zuciya suna toshe matakai daban-daban a cikin wannan tsarin RAAS.
| Nau'in magani | Yadda yake aiki |
|---|---|
| Masu hana ACE | Ka tuna cewa enzyme na ACE wanda ke canza angiotensin I zuwa mai ƙarfi na angiotensin II? Abin da waɗannan magunguna ke yi shine toshe wannan enzyme. Sannan samar da wannan "shugaban" yana raguwa. |
| Masu toshe masu karɓar Angiotensin (ARBs) | Waɗannan magunguna ba sa hana samar da angiotensin II. Amma suna toshe "ƙofofin" (masu karɓa) waɗanda ke ba da damar angiotensin II ya je wurare kamar jijiyoyin jini ya yi aiki. Kamar shugaba ne ke ba da umarni, amma babu wanda ya saurara. |
| Masu hana karɓar na'urar mineralocorticoid (MRA) | Waɗannan suna toshe aikin hormone aldosterone kai tsaye, wanda ke rage gishiri da riƙe ruwa a jiki. |
| Masu toshe beta | Duk da cewa waɗannan ba sa shafar tsarin RAAS kai tsaye, suna taimakawa wajen rage samar da renin ta kodan, wanda ke nufin suna sarrafa dukkan tsarin tun daga farko. |
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin RAAS da Baroreceptor Reflex?
Wani tsarin da ke sarrafa hawan jini shine Baroreceptor reflex . Bari mu fahimci bambanci tsakanin su biyun kawai.
- Baroreceptor Reflex: Wannan tsari ne da ke aiki nan take, cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan . Ka yi tunanin kana zaune sannan ka miƙe tsaye ba zato ba tsammani. Sai matsin ya ragu kaɗan. A lokacin, kwararar jini zuwa kai yana raguwa kuma za ka iya jin jiri. Amma hakan ba ya faruwa, ko ba haka ba? Dalilin haka shine Baroreceptor reflex. Yana ƙara bugun zuciya na ɗan daƙiƙa kaɗan, yana takura jijiyoyin jini kaɗan, kuma yana daidaita matsin lamba. Yana kama da masu shaye-shayen girgiza na mota, yana sarrafa canje-canje kwatsam.
- Tsarin RAAS: Wannan tsari ne na dogon lokaci , mai ɗan jinkiri . Yana ɗaukar sa'o'i, har ma da kwanaki, don aiki. Yana sarrafa hawan jini na dogon lokaci ta hanyar canza adadin ruwa da gishiri a jiki. Kamar tsarin sarrafa injin ne a cikin mota, yana duban aiki na dogon lokaci.
Duk waɗannan tsarin suna aiki tare don kiyaye hawan jininmu a matakin lafiya.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) tsari ne na atomatik wanda ke sarrafa hawan jini da daidaiton ruwa na jikinmu na dogon lokaci.
- Idan hawan jini ya ragu, wannan tsarin yana aiki, yana riƙe gishiri da ruwa a jiki, yana takura jijiyoyin jini, kuma yana dawo da matsin lamba zuwa yadda yake.
- A cikin yanayi kamar gazawar zuciya da hawan jini, wannan tsarin na iya yin aiki fiye da kima, yana lalata zuciya da jiki.
- Magunguna da yawa da ake amfani da su don magance hawan jini da cututtukan zuciya (kamar masu hana ACE da ARBs) an yi su ne kai tsaye don sarrafa ayyukan wannan tsarin RAAS.
- Idan kana da hawan jini ko kuma ciwon zuciya, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka sha maganinka kamar yadda likitanka ya rubuta. Kada ka daina shan maganinka ko ka canza adadin maganin ba tare da fara tuntuɓar likitanka ba.
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