Shin wani lokacin kana jin gajiya da rashin rai? Komai yawan barcin da kake yi, shin wannan gajiyar ba ta ƙarewa? Ko kuma, kana raguwa ko ƙara nauyi ba tare da yin wani babban canji a abincinka ba? Wataƙila kawai kana jin haushi da damuwa. Shin ka san cewa ainihin dalilin waɗannan abubuwan na iya zama ƙaramin gland mai siffar malam buɗe ido a wuyanka? A yau, za mu yi magana game da glandar thyroid da gwaje-gwajen da ke duba aikinsa.
A taƙaice dai, menene wannan glandar thyroid?
Ka yi tunanin glandar thyroid a matsayin cibiyar umarni ta jikinka. Kamar tsarin da ke sarrafa injin mota ne. Yana nan a gaban wuyanka, a ƙasa da ƙashin wuyanka. Yana da siffar malam buɗe ido yana shimfiɗa fikafikansa.
Babban abin da wannan ƙaramin gland ke yi shi ne samar da hormones waɗanda ke sarrafa yadda jikinka ke amfani da makamashi, wato, metabolism ɗinka. Waɗannan hormones suna shafar abubuwa da yawa, gami da bugun zuciyarka, zafin jiki, narkewar abinci, da aikin kwakwalwa. Don haka ko da ƙaramin canji a cikin wannan gland zai iya shafar dukkan jikinka.
Me yasa muke buƙatar yin gwajin thyroid?
Akwai manyan dalilai da dama da yasa likitanka zai iya yin odar gwajin thyroid. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko canjin aikin thyroid ne ya jawo hakan, musamman idan kana da waɗannan alamun:
- Gajiya da rashin barci akai-akai.
- Ƙara nauyi ko raguwa ba tare da wani dalili ba.
- Jin rashin natsuwa, fushi, ko damuwa.
- Busasshen fata, asarar gashi.
- Gumi mai yawa ko rashin iya jure sanyi.
- Ciwon tsoka da rauni.
- Matsalolin da ke faruwa a lokacin al'ada ga mata.
Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya gano yanayi da dama, galibi suna da alaƙa da glandar thyroid.
| Yanayin lafiya | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Ciwon thyroid | Glandar thyroid ba ta samar da isasshen hormones ba. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "ƙarancin thyroid." |
| Ciwon thyroid | Glandar thyroid tana samar da ƙarin hormones fiye da yadda ake buƙata. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "thyroid mai aiki fiye da kima." |
| Ciwon thyroid | Kumburi ko kumburin glandar thyroid. |
| Cutar kabari | Ciwon thyroid cuta ce da ke faruwa sakamakon farmaki da kuma motsa glandar thyroid. |
| Cutar Hashimoto | Yanayi ne da tsarin garkuwar jiki ke kai hari da lalata glandar thyroid, wanda daga ƙarshe ke haifar da hypothyroidism. |
Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu na thyroid:
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don duba glandar thyroid za a iya raba su kashi biyu.
1. Gwaje-gwajen jinin thyroid: Waɗannan suna auna matakan hormones na thyroid a cikin jininka, da kuma ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
2. Gwaje-gwajen hoton thyroid: Ana amfani da waɗannan don duba siffar, girma, da kuma kasancewar ƙusoshin a cikin glandar thyroid.
Yanzu bari mu yi magana game da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan dalla-dalla.
Ta yaya gwaje-gwajen jini ke aiki?
Wannan hanya ce mai sauƙi. Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin jini daga hannunka kamar yadda aka saba a aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji. Ba za ka ji wani ciwo ba yayin wannan aikin. Yawanci ba kwa buƙatar cin abinci ko shan wani abu na musamman kafin gwajin. Duk da haka, idan likitanka ya ba ka wani umarni na musamman, ya kamata ka bi su.
| Sunan gwajin | Me kuke gani a cikin wannan? |
|---|---|
| Gwajin TSH | TSH yana nufin Hormone mai motsa thyroid. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar glandar pituitary da ke cikin kwakwalwarka. Wannan hormone na TSH shine abin da ke gaya wa glandar thyroid "ya samar da hormones." Yawanci, likita zai fara duba wannan matakin TSH. |
| Gwajin T4 | T4, ko thyroxine, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hormones da glandar thyroid ke samarwa. Wannan yana auna yawan wannan hormone a cikin jini. |
| Gwajin T3 | T3, ko triiodothyronine, shine babban hormone da glandar thyroid ke samarwa. Wannan gwajin yana auna matakinsa a cikin jini. |
| Gwaje-gwajen Antibody na Thyroid | Wani lokaci garkuwar jikinmu tana fara kai hari ga glandar thyroid ɗinmu. Sannan ana iya ganin waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin jini. Wannan gwajin yana taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka kamar cutar Graves da cutar Hashimoto. |
Ta yaya gwaje-gwajen hoto ke aiki?
Bayan gwajin jini, idan likitanka yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani game da yanayin jiki na glandar thyroid, kamar girmanta, siffarta, da kuma ko akwai wasu ƙusoshi, zai iya tura ka don gwajin hoto.
- Duban dan tayi na thyroid: Wannan yayi kama da hoton da aka yi wa mai juna biyu. Ba shi da zafi. Yana amfani da raƙuman sauti don ƙirƙirar hoto mai kyau na glandar thyroid. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ga ko akwai ƙusoshi a wuya da kuma yanayinsu.
- Scan na thyroid:Wannan ya ƙunshi duba girman da matsayin glandar thyroid. Wani lokaci kuna iya buƙatar samun wani abu mai kama da juna, wani abu da ke bayyana hotunan a fili, wanda aka allura a jikinku. Ana yin hakan ta hanyar ba da ƙaramin ƙwayar magani mai ɗauke da iodine mai rediyoaktif ko kuma ta hanyar ba da shi a matsayin allura. Kada ku ji tsoron kalmar 'redioactive', domin ƙaramin adadin da aka yi amfani da shi ne kawai, amintacce. Lokacin da aka ƙara wannan iodine a cikin glandar thyroid, glandar za ta bayyana a sarari a kan hoton.
- Gwajin Ɗauka da Thyroid: Wannan gwajin yana auna yadda glandar thyroid ɗinka ke aiki. Haka kuma za a ba ka ruwa ko kapsul mai ɗauke da iodine mai rediyoaktif don sha. Sannan, bayan 'yan awanni, yawanci bayan awanni 24, za a sanya ƙaramin na'ura mai suna gamma probe a gaban wuyanka don auna adadin iodine da glandar thyroid ɗinka ya ɗauka.
- Idan glandar ta sha sinadarin iodine mai yawa , to hakan na iya zama alamar hyperthyroidism.
- Idan glandar tana shan ƙarancin iodine , to yana iya zama alamar hypothyroidism.
Kafin a yi gwajin hotunan, ana iya tambayarka ka guji cin abinci ko sha na tsawon awanni. Haka kuma ana iya tambayarka ka guji cin abinci mai yawan iodine, kamar kelp, na tsawon kwanaki. Likitanka zai ba ka shawara game da wannan a gaba.
Sakamakon gwaji kuma me zai faru a gaba?
Yawanci za ku karɓi rahotannin gwaje-gwajenku cikin 'yan kwanaki. Daga nan likitanku zai sake duba rahotannin kuma ya yi magana da ku don ya yi muku bayani.
Misali, matakan TSH:
- Idan matakin TSH ɗinka ya fi na al'ada, yana nufin cewa glandar thyroid ɗinka ba ta samar da isasshen hormones ba. Wannan na iya zama yanayi da ake kira hypothyroidism. Saboda glandar thyroid ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata, kwakwalwa tana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin aika saƙonnin TSH tana gaya mata "yi aiki, yi aiki."
- Idan matakin TSH ɗinka ya yi ƙasa da na al'ada, yana nufin glandar thyroid ɗinka tana samar da hormone da yawa. Wannan na iya zama wata cuta da ake kira hyperthyroidism. Saboda glandar tana aiki da yawa, kwakwalwa tana daina aika saƙonnin TSH.
Mafi mahimmanci: Kada ka yi hukunci kan wata cuta ta hanyar duba lambobin da ke cikin rahoton gwajinka ka kwatanta su da abin da ka samu a intanet. Likitanka ne kawai zai iya yin nazarin waɗannan sakamakon daidai kuma ya haɗa su da alamun cutar don cimma sakamako mai kyau.
Wani lokaci gwaji ɗaya ba zai iya bayar da cikakken bayani ba. A wannan yanayin, likitanka zai iya yin odar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje. Idan hoton ya gano wani abu kamar ƙulli, za a iya yin biopsy (FNA - fine needle aspiration) don a tantance ko yana da cutar kansa.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ciwon thyroid wani muhimmin gland ne a wuyanka wanda ke sarrafa kuzarin jiki.
- Gajiya mai ɗorewa, canjin nauyi, da rashin natsuwa na iya zama alamun cututtukan thyroid.
- Gwaje-gwajen thyroid ba abin tsoro ba ne. Galibi gwaje-gwaje ne masu sauƙi waɗanda suka haɗa da samfurin jini ko kuma hoton da ba shi da zafi.
- Da zarar ka sami sakamakon gwajinka, kada ka yanke shawara da kanka. Kullum ka yi magana da likitanka game da shi kuma ka bi shawararsa.
- Ana iya magance yawancin matsalolin thyroid cikin nasara da kuma magance su, don haka idan kuna da alamun cutar, kada ku jinkirta neman shawarar likita.
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