Idan kina da juna biyu, abu ne na al'ada a sami tambayoyi da yawa game da ƙaramin cikinki. Don samun amsoshin wasu daga cikin waɗannan tambayoyin, muna yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban (gwajin kafin haihuwa) yayin daukar ciki. Don haka ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje na musamman ana kiransa NIPT. Wannan zai iya ba mu wata alama game da ko jaririnki yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, kamar Down syndrome . Duk da haka, wannan ba gwaji ne na musamman 100% ba. Saboda haka, wasu likitoci sun fi son kiransa NIPS (dubawa) maimakon NIPT (gwaji). Domin wannan yana nuna haɗarin ne kawai.
Yaya ake yin gwajin NIPT? Abu ne mai sauƙi!
Duk mun ji labarin DNA. Kamar littafi ne da ke cikin kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu, yana ɗauke da dukkan bayanan kwayoyin halittarmu. Shin kun san cewa ƙananan sassan wannan DNA suma suna yawo a cikin jininmu. Muna kiran wannan DNA mara ƙwayoyin halitta, ko 'cfDNA'?
Don haka lokacin da kike da juna biyu, jininki yana ɗauke da naki 'cfDNA', tare da gutsuttsuran DNA na jaririnki (DNA mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta - cffDNA) . Shin hakan ba abin mamaki ba ne? Gwajin NIPT ya ƙunshi ɗaukar samfurin jini mai sauƙi daga gare ki da kuma gwada shi don gano gutsuttsuran DNA na jaririnki, yana ba ki alamu game da wasu yanayin kwayoyin halitta. Tunda gwaji ne mara haɗari, babu wata haɗari ga ke ko jaririnki.
Me za mu iya koya daga gwajin NIPT?
Gwajin NIPT galibi yana neman rashin daidaituwa a cikin chromosomes. A taƙaice dai, chromosomes galibi suna zuwa biyu-biyu a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu. Amma wani lokacin, maimakon kwafi biyu na chromosome, za a iya samun uku. Muna kiran wannan trisomy .
Ga manyan yanayin trisomy da gwajin NIPT ke nema da kuma sahihancinsu:
| Yanayin kwayoyin halitta | Lambar chromosome (Trisomy) | Daidaiton NIPT |
|---|---|---|
| Ciwon Down | Trisomy 21 | ~99% |
| Ciwon Edwards | Trisomy 18 | ~97% |
| Ciwon Patau | Trisomy 13 | ~87% |
Don Allah a tuna: NIPT gwajin tantancewa ne kawai wanda ke nuna ko akwai haɗari. Ba zai iya zama 100% tabbatacce cewa akwai wata cuta ba.
Idan sakamakon NIPT ya kasance tabbatacce, ma'ana yana nuna haɗari, muna buƙatar zuwa gwajin ganewar asali don tabbatar da shi. Akwai gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da ake yi don hakan:
1. Amniocentesis: Hanya ce da ta ƙunshi ɗaukar samfurin ruwan amniotic daga cikin mahaifa da kuma gwada shi.
2. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Hanya ce da ta ƙunshi ɗaukar wasu ƙwayoyin halitta daga mahaifar jariri a gwada su.
Saboda waɗannan gwaje-gwajen guda biyu suna da haɗari ( masu haɗari ), akwai ƙaramin haɗari. Saboda haka, wasu iyaye mata na iya yin jinkirin yin su.
Bugu da ƙari, NIPT na iya tantance jinsin jaririn. Idan ba kwa son sani, kar ku manta ku gaya wa likitan ku kafin gwajin.
Wa ke son yin gwajin NIPT?
Kowace uwa da ta cika makonni 10 na ciki za ta iya yin wannan gwajin. Duk da haka, ba gwaji ne na tilas ba. Duk da haka, iyaye mata waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta sun fi sha'awar wannan.
Su waye ke cikin haɗarin?
- Iyaye mata masu shekaru sama da 35.
- Iyaye mata waɗanda a baya suka haifi ɗa mai ciwon trisomy.
- Iyaye mata waɗanda aka nuna suna cikin haɗari ta hanyar wani gwajin tantancewa (misali gwajin farko na watanni uku).
Yanayi inda sakamakon NIPT bazai zama abin dogaro ba
Gwajin NIPT ya dogara ne akan adadin DNA na jariri a cikin jinin uwa. Wannan adadin yawanci ƙaramin kashi ne, kusan kashi 10%-20%. Saboda haka, wasu yanayi a jikin uwa na iya shafar waɗannan sakamakon.
- Idan ma'aunin nauyin jikinka (BMI) ya kai 30 ko sama da haka.
- Idan an ɗauki cikin yaron da ƙwai mai bayarwa.
- Idan kana amfani da wasu magungunan rage jini.
- Idan kina ɗauke da tagwaye ko fiye da yara a cikin mahaifa.
A wannan yanayin, ya fi kyau ka yi magana da likitanka ka yanke shawara ko gwajin NIPT ya dace da kai.
Me za ku yi bayan kun sami sakamakon NIPT?
Abu ne na al'ada a ji baƙin ciki da mamaki idan ka gano cewa kana da haɗari (sakamako mai kyau) daga gwajin NIPT. Amma kada ka firgita. Da farko, ka tuna cewa wannan ba shawara ta ƙarshe ba ce. A wannan lokacin, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka yi magana da mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta ko likitanka don fahimtar sakamakon.
NIPT gwaji ne kawai da ke nuna haɗari. Kada ku yanke wani muhimmin shawara game da ɗanku bisa ga wannan sakamakon kawai.
Idan kana so, za ka iya zuwa gwajin ganewar asali kamar yadda aka ambata a baya 'amniocentesis' ko 'CVS' don tabbatar da yanayin 100%. Ko kuma kana da 'yancin kada a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen. Yi magana a fili da likitanka game da duk waɗannan abubuwan.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- NIPT gwaji ne da ake yi ta amfani da samfurin jini mai sauƙi da aka ɗauka daga uwa mai juna biyu kuma ba shi da wani haɗari ga ku ko jaririn ku.
- Wannan ba cikakken ganewar asali bane 100%. Gwajin tantancewa ne kawai ke nuna haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kamar Down syndrome.
- Idan sakamakon NIPT ya kasance tabbatacce, ya kamata a yi wani gwaji, kamar amniocentesis, don tabbatar da shi.
- Kullum ku tattauna sakamakon NIPT da matakai na gaba tare da likitan ku, maimakon yanke shawara da kanku.
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