Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana e hana i ke ʻoki kino , a i ʻole ua hana ʻia i ke ʻoki kino i hala koke aku nei, he mea nui loa kēia moʻolelo iā ʻoe. E nānā, i ka wā e pili ana i ke ʻoki kino, inā paha i hoʻolālā ʻia a hana ʻia paha ma hope o kahi ulia, he mea maʻamau ke manaʻo i kekahi ʻeha. Loaʻa kēlā ʻeha mai ke ʻoki kino ponoʻī, a mai ka ho'ōla ʻana o ke kino. No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻeha he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa ia o ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia me nā kikoʻī, ea?
Pehea mākou e hoʻolālā ai no ka kaohi ʻana i ka ʻeha ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana?
Inā ʻike ʻoe e hana ʻia ana ʻoe i ke ʻoki kino, he manaʻo maikaʻi e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ʻoki kino e pili ana i ka hoʻokele ʻeha ma mua. Ma kēia ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kāu mau nīnau a ʻike i ka mea e manaʻo ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i:
- ʻEhia ka nui o ka ʻeha aʻu e manaʻo ai? ʻAʻole like nā ʻoki kino a pau, no laila e nīnau e pili ana i kāu ʻoki kino kikoʻī.
- He aha kou ʻano kūlohelohe e hoʻomanawanui ai i ka ʻeha? (ʻOi aku hoʻi inā ua hana ʻia ʻoe i ke ʻoki kino ma mua.) ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha o kekahi poʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi.
- Loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi allergies a i ʻole nā hopena i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau? He mea nui loa kēia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole kūpono paha kekahi mau lāʻau hōʻeha ʻeha iā ʻoe.
- He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui kūʻai ma luna o ke kauka āu e lawe nei? Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke launa pū me nā mea hoʻomaha ʻeha.
- He pilikia anei kāu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau? Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi hoʻohana ʻona ? Inā pēlā, he mea nui loa e haʻi i kāu kauka.
- He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā pilikia e hiki mai ana o nā lāʻau ʻeha?
E paipai kāu kauka ʻoki i kahi hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻokele ʻeha e kōkua iā ʻoe e noho ʻoluʻolu a palekana ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. No ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, e komo pū kēia me hoʻokahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau.
He aha nā ʻano ʻeha e kū mai ana ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana?
Kou kino no ke ʻoki kino ʻO ke ʻano o kāu pane ʻana e pili ana i nā kumu he nui. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻoki kino āu e hana ai, kou ʻae ʻana i ka ʻeha maoli, a me kou mau makahiki e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kou manaʻo ma hope o ke ʻoki kino. Manaʻo paha ʻoe i kahi ʻeha a puni ka wahi āu i ʻoki ai, akā hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi o kēia mau mea:
- ʻEha ʻiʻo:Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻeha i nā ʻiʻo like ʻole o kou kino. Hiki paha ma muli o ke ʻoki kino ponoʻī, akā nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou mau ʻiʻo me ka ʻike ʻole i ka wā e ʻeha ai lākou a kaomi paha.
- ʻEha ʻāʻī: Hiki i kou ʻāʻī ke ʻeha a ʻānai paha, ʻoiai inā ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻoe i loko o ka ʻōpū i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana.
- ʻEha neʻe: He mea nui ka noho pololei ʻana, ka hele wāwae ʻana, a me ke kuni ʻana ma hope o ke ʻoki kino. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea ke hoʻonui i ka ʻeha.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻeha ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki paha:
- Ua like ia me ke ʻoki ʻana me ka pahi ʻoi .
- E like me ke kuʻi ʻana .
- Me he mea lā e ʻū ana , me he mea lā e kuʻi ana ka pulse .
- E like me ka ʻeha , e like me ka ʻeha o ke kino.
- E like me ka "ʻĀ ʻana" .
E haʻi i kāu hui lapaʻau i kahi āu e ʻeha nei a pehea ke ʻano o ka ʻeha. E kōkua kēia iā lākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei i loko o kou kino a kōkua iā lākou e hoʻokele i ka ʻeha.
He aha ka lāʻau ʻeha maikaʻi loa ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana? He kūpono anei ka lāʻau like no nā kānaka a pau?
ʻAʻohe lāʻau hoʻopau ʻeha "maikaʻi loa" no nā kānaka a pau. ʻO kou kino, kou olakino, a me kou hoʻōla ʻana mai ke ʻoki kino, he mea kū hoʻokahi ia iā ʻoe. No laila, ʻo ka mea e pono ai nou, ʻaʻole paha e pono no kekahi.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau ʻeha e hāʻawi paha kāu kauka ʻeha iā ʻoe ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma ka haukapila, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe kahi lāʻau intravenous (IV). Akā i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻo ka lāʻau ʻeha nui āu e pono ai he mau pila waha.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā painkillers i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana
Eia kekahi o nā ʻano painkillers i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
He aha nā NSAID?
ʻO nā NSAID kahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha a hoʻemi i ka pehu a me ka mumū . Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kahi NSAID over-the-counter (OTC) a i ʻole ka mana ikaika o ke kauka.
ʻO nā NSAID maʻamau i hoʻohana nui ʻia:
- ʻO ka ʻAspirin (aia ma lalo o nā inoa e like me Bayer®, St. Joseph®)
- ʻO Ibuprofen (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Motrin®, Advil®)
- ʻO ka `Naproxen sodium` (loaʻa ma lalo o ka inoa inoa ʻo Aleve®)
- ʻO Indomethacin (Indocin®)
- ʻO Ketorolac (Toradol®)
Mea nui: Hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōpū i kekahi poʻe, no laila e hoʻohana wale ʻia e like me ke kuhikuhi a ke kauka.
ʻO nā Opioids (nā lāʻau ʻeha narcotic)
ʻO nā opioids (i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo narcotics) he mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea loaʻa i loko o ka lolo a me ke kino e hōʻemi ana i nā hōʻailona ʻeha. He mau mea hoʻomaha ʻeha ikaika loa lākou a hiki ke hoʻopili. ʻO ka hopena, he nui nā kauka e kuhikuhi pinepine nei i nā opioids a i ʻole ma nā dosis haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ko lākou mau hopena ʻaoʻao. Aia ma mua o 100 mau ʻano opioids, ʻo kekahi mau laʻana:
- ʻO ka Hydrocodone (Vicodin®)
- ʻOkikodona (OxyContin®, Percocet®)
- ʻO ke codeine
- ʻO Fentanyl
- ʻO ka Methadone
I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea, pono ʻoe e lawe iā lākou e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka, ma ka nui a no ka lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo maikaʻi e hoʻololi i ka nui e like me kou ʻike he kūpono, a i ʻole e hāʻawi aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Nā Anesthetics Topical - Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomāʻū i ka ʻili o ka ʻili
ʻO nā lāʻau anesthetics topical he mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomāʻū i kahi wahi kikoʻī o kou kino. I kekahi manawa kapa ʻia kēia e nā kauka he "local anesthetics." Hiki i kāu kauka lapaʻau ke kuhikuhi i kahi anesthetic topical e kōkua i ka hoʻomāʻū ʻana i ka wahi a puni ke ʻoki. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea i ka ʻili ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana, kirīmi, a i ʻole nā mea ʻaila. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau:
- ʻO ka Lidocaine
- ʻO ka Benzocaine
- ʻO Dibucaine
- ʻO ka Fenola
- ʻO Pramoxine (Pramoxine)
Nā ʻano hana ʻeha a me nā hana hou aku
Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma waho aʻe o nā mea i helu ʻia ma luna. No ka laʻana, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i ka acetaminophen (i ʻike ʻia ʻo Tylenol®) a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻomaha ʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai ma ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole me ke kauoha.
Inā ʻoe e noho ana i ka haukapila ma hope o ke ʻoki kino nui, hiki i ke kime lapaʻau ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano hōʻoluʻolu ʻeha kūikawā e like me:
- Nā poloka aʻalolo: Ka hoʻomānoino ʻana o nā aʻalolo e lawe ana i ka ʻeha i kahi wahi kikoʻī no kekahi manawa.
- ʻO ka anesthesia ma hope o ke ʻoki kino: Nā ʻano hoʻomaha ʻeha kūikawā i lawelawe ʻia e ka anesthesiologist.
- ʻO ka pamu analgesia i kāohi ʻia e ka mea maʻi (pamu PCA): He ʻōnaehana e hiki ai i ka mea maʻi ke loaʻa i kahi nui o ka lāʻau ʻeha i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke kaomi ʻana i kahi pihi.
- ʻO nā Epidurals: He ʻano kūikawā o ka lāʻau ʻeha i hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka iwi kuamoʻo, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka wā hānau keiki, akā hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau ʻoki kino.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā painkillers?
Me he mea lā he mea maʻalahi kēia, akā ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hōʻeha ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻeha āu e manaʻo ai. ʻAʻole wale kēia e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe i ʻoluʻolu, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia o ka hoʻokele ʻeha. Eia naʻe,Hoʻōla wikiwiki kou kino ke ʻole ʻoe e ʻeha. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i kou ʻeha hiki ke hoʻolalelale i kāu kaʻina ho'ōla.
Hiki i ka kaohi ʻana i ka ʻeha ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā pilikia ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. Inā kaohi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻeha, e maʻalahi iā ʻoe ke hele, neʻe a puni, a hanu hohonu. Hoʻemi kēia i ka pilikia o nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, e like me ka niumonia a me nā ʻūpā koko.
Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia o nā mea hoʻoluhi lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana?
Hiki i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau o nā lāʻau ʻeha:
- Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi
- Hiamoe
- Pōʻino
- ʻĀnai
- Ke kahe koko kūloko (e.g. mai ka ʻōpū) (`Ke kahe koko kūloko / hemorrhage`)
- Ka hōʻino ʻana o ke akepaʻa (ʻoi aku hoʻi inā ʻoe e lawe i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka acetaminophen)
Hiki i nā Opioids ke hoʻopili a hiki ke hana i ka Opioid Use Disorder. Inā lawe ʻoe i ka nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi (a i ʻole pinepine), hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi Opioid Overdose, kahi mea e make ai. E nānā kāu kauka lapaʻau i kāu mōʻaukala olakino a me ka pilikia o ka hoʻopili ʻana ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i nā Opioids. Inā he mōʻaukala kou a i ʻole kekahi o kou ʻohana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea nui e haʻi i kāu kauka.
E wehewehe kāu hui lapaʻau iā ʻoe i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia o nā pilikia o kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau āu e pono ai. Inā hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i kahi pilikia kikoʻī a i ʻole ʻaʻole maopopo iā ʻoe pehea ʻoe e pane ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e haʻi iā lākou. E kōkua lākou iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā koho palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi e hoʻokele i kou ʻeha.
Pehea ka wikiwiki o koʻu ʻoluʻolu ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻeha?
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka hana a kahi mea hoʻopau ʻeha. Pono ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomaka e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha hola. E nīnau i kāu hui mālama ola i ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana o kāu lāʻau. E haʻi lākou iā ʻoe i ka mea e manaʻo ai.
ʻEhia mau manawa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lawe i nā painkillers?
E hāʻawi aku kāu kauka lapaʻau iā ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻomaha ʻeha. E haʻi aku lākou iā ʻoe i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe a me ka pinepine o ka palekana e lawe ai.
ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻeha i nā manawa a pau e like me ka ʻae ʻia ʻana e lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻohe pilikia. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeha, palekana ka hōʻalo ʻana i kahi lāʻau a kali a ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka ʻeha a i ʻole a hiki i ka lāʻau aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, e nīnau i kāu kauka inā palekana ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā lāʻau inā ʻaʻohe ou ʻeha.
Eia kekahi, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe e lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi papa hana maʻamau, inā ʻoe e ʻeha nui ana a ʻaʻole paha. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e "noho ma mua o ka ʻeha" ma ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōhū koke.
E nīnau i kāu kauka i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā hoʻokele ʻeha maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ke ʻoki ʻana āu i hana ai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei.
Hiki iaʻu ke noi aku i nā lāʻau ʻeha hou aku?
Inā ʻoi aku ka ʻeha o kou ʻeha ma mua o kou manaʻo, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ʻoki e pili ana i ia mea. Hiki paha iā lākou ke hoʻololi i kāu dosage. Mai lawe i nā lāʻau hoʻomaha ʻeha ma luna o ke kūʻai aku (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā opioids) me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a kāu kauka. Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana ke loaʻa nā pilina paʻakikī me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei ma ka home.
Hiki i kāu kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau ʻeha āu e lawe ai. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (ʻoi aku ka opioids) i nā palena liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hiki ke lawe hou aku ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka papa mua.
Mai hilahila e kamaʻilio me kāu hui mālama ola kino a kamaʻilio paha me lākou inā ʻeha ʻoe. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he "hoʻopilikia" ka nīnau ʻana iā lākou. Mai hopohopo. He mea maikaʻi mau ke nīnau i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau. Aia kāu mau kauka ma laila e kōkua, ʻaʻohe mea. He mea nui mau iā lākou e hōʻoia e hoʻomaikaʻi ana ʻoe.
Mai lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka mea a kāu hui lapaʻau e ʻōlelo aku ai iā ʻoe. Inā lawe ʻoe i ka nui o ka lāʻau ʻeha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.
Pehea e kāohi ai i ka ʻeha ma ka home?
Ma hope o kou haʻalele ʻana i ka haukapila a i ʻole ke kikowaena hana ʻoki kino, e hana ʻia ka hapa nui o kāu hoʻokele ʻeha ma ka home. E lawe paha ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kāu hoʻolālā hoʻokele ʻeha, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau mea:
- E hoʻomaha pono. He mea nui loa ka hiamoe no kou kino e ho'ōla ai. Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka hiamoe ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka.
- E hoʻoluʻolu iā ʻoe iho. E hoʻolālā mua e kau i nā uluna, nā uluna, a i ʻole nā mea kākoʻo ʻē aʻe ma nā wahi āu e hoʻolilo ai i ka hapa nui o kou manawa i ke ao. Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻololi i kahi kūlana ʻokoʻa ma mua o kou hiamoe maʻamau a noho paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia mau kūlana hou ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana, kahi e kōkua ai i kou kino e hoʻololi i nā loli.
- E lawe i nā lāʻau ʻeha ma mua o nā hana a i ʻole ma mua o ka hiamoe ʻana. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kekahi mau loli i kāu papa hana lāʻau ʻeha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i kāu mau lāʻau ʻeha ma mua o kou hana ʻana i kekahi hana ikaika, hoʻoikaika kino, a i ʻole nā hana kino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hiamoe ʻana e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hiamoe maʻalahi. E hoʻomanaʻo, mai lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou ke ʻole kāu hui lapaʻau e ʻōlelo he palekana.
- E hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ka ʻeha me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hanu, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā mele hōʻoluʻolu, a me ka nānā ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni hōʻoluʻolu a i ʻole kahi hōʻike TV hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka ʻeha. Hiki i kāu hui mālama ola ke kuhikuhi i ka hoʻōla wela a i ʻole ka hoʻōla anu. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike iā ʻoe pehea e hoʻohana palekana ai i nā ʻōmole wai wela, nā ʻeke hau, a i ʻole nā pads hoʻoluʻu. Hiki i ka wela a i ʻole ka hau ke ala maikaʻi e hoʻomalu ai i ka ʻeha ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
I ka manawa hea e pono ai iaʻu ke ʻike i ke kauka?
E haʻi aku kāu kauka lapaʻau iā ʻoe i ka pinepine o kou pono e ʻike i ke kauka ('nā kipa hahai'). E nānā lākou ua ho'ōla pono ʻoe a ke holo pono nei kāu kaʻina ho'ōla.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, e kāhea koke aku i kāu kauka lapaʻau a i ʻole ke kauka lapaʻau:
- Inā e kahe ana ke koko o kou ʻeha ʻoki.
- Inā ʻoe e manaʻo i ka wela a i ʻole ka mehana a puni ka ʻeha.
- Inā he wai, pus, a i ʻole kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole e puka mai ana mai ka ʻeha.
- Inā he ʻulaʻula a ʻili paha kou a puni kou ʻeha ʻoki.
- Inā hoʻokomo kāu lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi.
Nā mea nui loa āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
ʻEha ke ʻoki kino. Akā, ʻoiai paha e loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi ʻeha ma hope o ke ʻoki kino, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e pono ʻoe e ʻeha a hiki i kou hoʻōla ʻana. E kuhikuhi kāu kauka ʻoki kino i nā mea hoʻomaha ʻeha e kōkua iā ʻoe e noho ʻoluʻolu. E haʻi lākou iā ʻoe pehea e lawe ai iā lākou, pehea ka nui o ka palekana e lawe ai, a i ka wā e pono ai ke lawe hou aku. Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao, akā e wehewehe kāu kauka ʻoki kino i nā pilikia āpau iā ʻoe ma mua.
E nīnau i kāu hui lapaʻau i nā nīnau āu e loaʻa ai ma mua a ma hope o ke ʻoki kino. E wehewehe lākou i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike. Hiki ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea aloha me ʻoe e kākau i nā mea i lalo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke paʻi mau i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā alakaʻi i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā iā lākou ma hope. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo kou olakino ka mea nui loa!
ʻEha ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, nā mea hoʻomaha ʻeha, ʻeha ʻoki ʻana, hoʻokele ʻeha, ʻoki kino, lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena ʻaoʻao











💬 Comments (0)
ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.
Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo