Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea e nalowale ai ke anu a i ʻole ka maʻi palū i loko o kekahi mau lā? A i ʻole pehea e pale ai ka lāʻau pale keiki iā mākou mai kekahi mau maʻi no ke ola? Ma hope o kēia mau mea a pau he pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi akā ikaika loa i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi koa kūikawā loa i loko o kēlā pūʻali koa. ʻO ia nā pūnaewele B.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo wai kēia mau pūnaewele B?
ʻO nā pūnaewele B kahi ʻano o nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko kākou kino. I ka pololei, he ʻano pūnaewele kūikawā lākou e pili ana i ka hui o nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphocytes. E noʻonoʻo he ʻāina nui ko kākou kino. A laila ʻo kā kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino ka pūʻali koa pale o kēlā ʻāina. Aia nā brigades like ʻole i loko o kēia pūʻali koa. Pēlā nō, aia nā ʻano pūnaewele like ʻole i loko o kā kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino.
Ma waena o kēia mau mea, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā pūnaewele B. ʻO ia hoʻi, hana lākou i nā mea kaua e hakakā i nā ʻenemi e like me nā maʻi a me nā bacteria e komo i loko o ko mākou kino. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau mea kaua he antibodies . Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau protein i kapa ʻia he antibodies e luku i nā germs e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi e komo i loko o ko mākou kino.
Me nā pūnaewele B, ʻo kekahi lālā koʻikoʻi o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ʻana ʻo ia nā pūnaewele T. ʻOiai ua like nā pūnaewele B me nā hale hana e hana ana i nā mea kaua, ua like nā pūnaewele T me nā luna kaua e hele pololei ana i ke kahua kaua e luku i nā ʻenemi a i ʻole e alakaʻi i ke kaua. I ka hui pū ʻana, pale kēia mau mea ʻelua iā mākou mai nā maʻi.
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele B.
E like me kā mākou mau pūʻali palekana, aia nā hui o nā cell B e hana ana i nā hana like ʻole. ʻElua mau ʻano nui.
| ʻAno pūnaewele B | Ka hana e hana ʻia nei |
|---|---|
| Nā Kelepona Plasma | ʻO kēia nā "mea hana mea kaua." Ke komo kahi germ i loko o ke kino, hana kēia mau cell i kahi nui o nā antibodies e hakakā iā ia. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe hiki i kahi cell plasma hoʻokahi ke hana ma kahi o 2,000 antibodies i kekona? Pēlā ka maikaʻi o kēia poʻe. Akā, he pōkole iki ko lākou ola. |
| Nā Kelepona Hoʻomanaʻo | ʻO kēia nā "kiu" a i ʻole "nā mea mālama waihona." ʻO ka hana a kēia mau pūnaewele, ʻo ia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia ʻenemi (germ) e komo ana i ke kino. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā hoʻi mai kahi maʻi i komo i loko o ke kino, ʻike koke kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo iā ia a hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōnaehana pale e pili ana iā ia. A laila hiki i nā pūnaewele plasma ke hana koke i nā antibodies e pono ai a luku i kēlā ʻenemi ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi. Hana nā lāʻau pale a mākou e hāʻawi aku ai iā ʻoe no ka mea hoʻoulu lākou i ka hoʻomanaʻo o kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo. |
E noʻonoʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ʻūlū i kou wā kamaliʻi. A i ʻole ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻoe no ka maʻi ʻūlū. Hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo B i loko o kou kino i ka maʻi ʻūlū. Inā hoʻāʻo hou ka maʻi ʻūlū e komo i loko o kou kino, ʻike koke kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo iā ia ke ʻike lākou a hoʻouna i kahi hōʻailona i ka pūʻali koa. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa hou i ka maʻi ʻūlū. ʻO ia ka hiki kupaianaha o kēia mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo.
Ke kaʻina hana kupaianaha a nā pūnaewele B e hana ai
He paʻakikī loa ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o nā pūnaewele B i ka wā e komo ai kahi germ i ke kino, a he mea kupanaha loa ia. E hoʻomaopopo kākou iā ia ma kekahi mau ʻanuʻu maʻalahi.
1. Ke ʻike ʻana i ka ʻenemi: ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kahi "kiaʻi pūnaewele" (Antigen-presenting cell - APC) i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hopu i ka ʻenemi (virus/bacteria) i komo i loko o ke kino. Ma luna o ka ʻili o kēia mau ʻenemi, aia kahi māka kūikawā e hiki ke ʻike iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he antigen . Ua like ia me ka peʻa ma ke kino o kahi lawehala. Hopu ka kiaʻi pūnaewele i kēia ʻenemi a hōʻike i kāna antigen (peʻa) ma kona ʻili. Ua like ia me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea a pau "He ʻaihue kēia."
2. Ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā luna koa: ʻIke ʻia ka hōʻailona o ka ʻenemi i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻano e kahi luna koa kūikawā i loko o kā mākou pūʻali koa, ʻo ia hoʻi, he pūnaewele kōkua T. I ka ʻike koke ʻana o ke kelepona T i kēia, hoʻāla ia. ʻO ia ka mea nāna e hāʻawi i ke kauoha i nā pūnaewele B.
3. Hoʻāla ʻana o nā pūnaewele B: Hele ka pūnaewele T i hoʻāla ʻia a hoʻopili i ka pūnaewele B pili, e hoʻouna ana i kahi hōʻailona e "hoʻomākaukau no ke kaua." Ma ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia hōʻailona, hoʻomaka ka pūnaewele B e māhele, e hana ana i nā tausani kope (clones) o ia iho.
4. Ka māhele ʻana i ʻelua mau mana: ʻO kekahi o nā pūnaewele B i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano e lilo i mau pūnaewele plasma . ʻO kekahi ʻāpana e lilo i mau pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo a ua mākaukau no nā kaua e hiki mai ana.
5. Hoʻouka ʻana o ka antibody:Ke lilo lākou i mau pūnaewele plasma, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā miliona o nā antibodies i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka ʻenemi mua. Ua like kēia mau antibodies me nā missiles homing. Hele lākou a hoʻopili i nā ʻenemi ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e luku ana a hoʻopau paha iā lākou. Penei mākou e ho'ōla ai mai ka maʻi.
Ma hea kahi e hana ʻia ai nā pūnaewele B i loko o ko mākou kino?
I ko kākou wā i loko o ka ʻōpū o ko kākou makuahine ma ke ʻano he mau embryo, hana ʻia nā pūnaewele B i loko o ke akepaʻa. Akā ma hope o ko kākou hānau ʻia ʻana, hana ʻia nā pūnaewele B i loko o ko kākou iwi iwi. ʻO ka iwi iwi ka ʻāpana huʻa o ko kākou mau iwi nui. Hana ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele B mai nā pūnaewele kumu hematopoietic ma laila. Ma hope o ko lākou oʻo ʻana, hele kēia mau pūnaewele B i nā spleen a me nā lymph nodes, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kā kākou ʻōnaehana lymphatic, a hōʻike i ka hana.
He aha ka mea e hana ai inā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana o nā pūnaewele B?
ʻAʻole hana pono kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i nā manawa a pau. I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā loli i ka hana o nā pūnaewele B ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.
| Māhele maʻi | He aha ka mea e hana ʻia a me nā hiʻohiʻona |
|---|---|
| Nā maʻi Autoimmune | He kūlana kaumaha loa kēia. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i kā mākou mau pūnaewele B ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka "hoaaloha mai ka ʻenemi." ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻomaka nā pūnaewele B e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē i kā mākou mau pūnaewele olakino ponoʻī. Me he mea lā e hoʻouka mai ana ko mākou pūʻali koa iā mākou. Nā Laʻana:
|
| Nā maʻi kanesa | I kekahi manawa, ma muli o nā ʻano ʻē i loko o nā pūnaewele B, hoʻomaka lākou e māhelehele me ke kāohi ʻole. ʻO kēia hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka nui o nā pūnaewele B ʻē hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi kanesa. Nā Laʻana:
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Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā maʻamau kāu pae cell B?
Loaʻa i kahi kanaka makua maʻamau ma waena o 1,000 a me 4,800 mau lymphocytes no kēlā me kēia microliter o ke koko. ʻO kēia mau lymphocytes, ma waena o 10% a me 20% he mau pūnaewele B.
ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo helu koko piha (CBC) i hana ʻia e kāu kauka hiki ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ka huina o nā lymphocytes i loko o kou kino. Eia nō naʻe, inā makemake ʻoe i ka ʻike e pili ana i kāu mau cell B, pono ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi hoʻāʻo kūikawā i kapa ʻia he ʻikepili lymphocyte . Ma muli o kēia mau hopena hoʻāʻo, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻoholo inā kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha kāu mau pae cell B a he aha ke kumu. No laila, inā he mau hopohopo kāu e pili ana i kāu mau hoʻāʻo koko, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka.
Pehea mākou e mālama ai i ko mākou ʻōnaehana pale kino a me nā pūnaewele B ikaika?
ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau mana kūikawā no ka hoʻonui kūlohelohe ʻana i ka helu o nā cell B. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka mālama ʻana i ko mākou ʻōnaehana pale kino holoʻokoʻa olakino a ikaika, hiki iā mākou ke kōkua i kā mākou mau cell B e hana pono i kā lākou hana. ʻOiai paha he mau mea maʻalahi kēia iā ʻoe, he mea nui loa ia e pale aku i kā mākou pale ʻana mai ka hana nui ʻana.
- E kiʻi i nā lāʻau pale āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia: ʻO nā lāʻau pale ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i kā mākou mau cell B hoʻomanaʻo.
- E ʻai i ka meaʻai kaulike: E hoʻokomo i nā meaʻai waiwai i nā huaora a me nā minelala, e like me nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, a me nā greens.
- E hoʻokele i ke kaumaha: Hoʻonāwaliwali ke kaumaha nui i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha ma o nā mea e like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ke komo ʻana i kahi leʻaleʻa.
- E hōʻalo i ka waiʻona a me ka puhipaka: Hoʻopilikia pololei kēia i ka ʻōnaehana pale.
- E hiamoe pono: He mea nui ka hiamoe maikaʻi no 7-8 mau hola i ka lā no ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale.
- E hoʻoikaika kino mau: He mea maikaʻi loa ia no kou olakino ka hoʻoikaika kino kaulike no ka liʻiliʻi he 150 mau minuke i ka pule.
- E noho maʻemaʻe: ʻO ka holoi pinepine ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa e hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o nā germs makemake ʻole ʻia.
ʻO nā pūnaewele B nā koa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino e hana mālie akā mau. Inā ʻaʻole lākou, ʻaʻole hiki iā kākou ke hana i nā antibodies. Me ka ʻole o nā antibodies, hiki i ke anu maʻalahi ke hoʻomaʻi nui iā kākou. No laila, e hoʻāʻo kākou a pau e mālama i kēia mau mea pale liʻiliʻi o kākou a mālama i ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino i ikaika.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā pūnaewele B kahi ʻano kūikawā o nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hana ana i nā antibodies e hakakā i nā germs.
- ʻElua ʻano nui o nā pūnaewele B: nā pūnaewele plasma, e hakakā ana i kēia manawa, a me nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā ʻenemi.
- Hana nā lāʻau pale ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo, no laila e pale ai iā mākou mai ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā maʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
- ʻO ka hana ʻole o nā pūnaewele B hiki ke alakaʻi i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e like me nā maʻi autoimmune a me ke kanesa.
- Ma ka hahai ʻana i kahi nohona olakino (ʻai maikaʻi, hiamoe, hoʻoikaika kino, hoʻokele kaumaha) hiki iā kākou ke mālama i ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino holoʻokoʻa.
- Inā he mau hopohopo kāu e pili ana i kāu mau hoʻāʻo koko a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi, e nīnau mau i kāu kauka.
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