Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i kahi mea mai ka hale kūʻai, manaʻo ʻoe, "ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā loaʻa iaʻu kekahi bacteria," ʻeā? A i ʻole ke ʻōlelo mai ke kauka, "He maʻi bacteria kēia," makaʻu iki mākou. Ke lohe mākou i ka huaʻōlelo 'bacteria', hiki mai nā mea ʻino e like me nā maʻi a me nā germs i ka noʻonoʻo. Akā ua ʻike anei ʻoe he ʻokoʻa loa ka moʻolelo maoli? Ma kēia ao o nā bacteria, aia nā hoaaloha maikaʻi e kōkua iā mākou, a me nā ʻenemi weliweli e hoʻomaʻi iā mākou. I kēia lā, e hoʻomaopopo kākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kēia mau bacteria ma ke ʻano maʻalahi a kamaʻilio.
He aha maoli nā bacteria?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mau meaola liʻiliʻi nā bacteria i hana ʻia me hoʻokahi cell . ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia lākou e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, a hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma o kahi microscope. Kāhea mākou i hoʻokahi bacteria he "bacteria".
E noʻonoʻo wale, he mau triliona o nā bacteria ma nā wahi a pau o kēia ao. Ma ka lepo, ma ka wai, ma ka lewa, ma nā kino o nā holoholona, a ma loko a ma kou kino hoʻi. ʻAe, noho nā bacteria ma nā wahi a pau, ma kou ʻili, ma kou waha, ma loko o kou mau puka ihu, ma kou ʻōpū, ma kou ala mimi. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, he ʻumi manawa ka nui o nā cell bacteria ma mua o nā cell kanaka i loko o ko kākou kino! Kupaianaha, ʻeā? Akā, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia.
He ʻino anei nā bacteria a pau? Aia kekahi mau bacteria "maikaʻi"?
Eia kekahi mea a ka poʻe he nui i ʻike ʻole ai. ʻAʻole hana ʻino ka hapa nui o nā bacteria iā kākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea nui loa kekahi mau bacteria i ko kākou kino. ʻO kēia mau bacteria kōkua e noho ana i loko o ko kākou kino, ʻo ia ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he "bacteria aloha" a i ʻole ka "microbiome". Ua like ia me kahi pūʻali koa o nā mea kōkua liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino.
Loaʻa pinepine kēia poʻe ma ko mākou ʻili a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe (ʻōpū).
- Kōkua i ka ʻai ʻana: ʻO kekahi o nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia e ko mākou kino. Hoʻopau kēia mau bacteria maikaʻi i kēlā mau meaʻai, ʻai iā lākou, a kōkua i ke kino e omo i nā meaola mai ia mau mea.
- Hana ʻia nā wikamina: Hana ʻia kekahi mau wikamina, no ka laʻana ka wikamina K a me kekahi mau wikamina B, e kēia mau bacteria i loko o ko kākou ʻōpū.
- Mālama i nā bacteria ʻino: Inā loaʻa kēia mau bacteria maikaʻi i loko o ko kākou ʻōpū, ʻaʻole kākou e ʻae i nā bacteria ʻino e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi mai waho e komo mai a noho maʻalahi. E like me ka paʻakikī no ka ʻaihue ke komo i loko o ko kākou hale i ko kākou noho ʻana ma laila.
Nui nā bacteria maikaʻi i loko o nā mea e like me ka waiū momona a me ka yogurt a mākou e ʻai ai. Kāhea pū mākou iā lākou he "Probiotics". Kōkua nui kēia i ke olakino o ko mākou ʻōpū.
Nā bacteria "maikaʻi ʻole" e hoʻomaʻi iā mākou
Me nā bacteria maikaʻi, aia kekahi mau ʻano bacteria weliweli e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau bacteria pathogenic , a i ʻole 'Pathogens'.
Ke komo kēia mau bacteria pathogenic i loko o ko kākou kino, māhele lākou a laha koke. I ko lākou laha ʻana, hana lākou i nā mea ʻawahia. Hoʻokumu kēia mau mea ʻawahia i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha, a me ka luaʻi. Kāhea mākou i kēia he maʻi bacteria .
E noʻonoʻo i ka inu ʻana i ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i moʻa pono ʻole ʻia, a loaʻa ka ʻōpū ʻeha a me ka maʻi kahe. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻo ke kumu he bacteria e like me `(Escherichia coli)`.
E nānā kākou i kekahi o nā ʻano bacteria ʻino a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai ma ka papa ma lalo nei.
| ʻAno bacteria | Nā maʻi maʻamau i hana ʻia |
|---|---|
| ʻO ka Streptococcus | Nā maʻi ʻāʻī (Strep throat), nā maʻi ʻili |
| ʻO ke Staphylococcus | Nā paila ʻili, nā maʻi staph |
| ʻO Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Ka lāʻau make i ka meaʻai, ka maʻi pākī, nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi |
| ʻO Bordetella pertussis | ʻŪhā ʻū |
| ʻO Chlamydia trachomatis | He maʻi laha ʻo Chlamydia i laha ma ke ʻano moekolohe. |
I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia mau bacteria ʻino ke komo i loko o ko kākou koko. Kāhea mākou i kēia he "Septicemia" a i ʻole "ka lāʻau make koko." He mea weliweli loa kēia. Ke pālahalaha kēia mau germs ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa ma o ke koko, hele nui ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino, e hana ana i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola i kapa ʻia ʻo "Sepsis."
Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i kēia ʻano bacteria?
Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi bacteria, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i kahi antibiotic. Akā, ʻaʻole like ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā bacteria āpau. No laila, he mea nui e ʻike pono i nā bacteria e hoʻoulu nei i kāu maʻi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema a me nā kauka i kekahi mau ʻano hana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā bacteria.
1. Hoʻokaʻawale ma ke ʻano
ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o ka bacteria.
- Cocci: ʻAno poepoe, e like me nā pōpō liʻiliʻi.
- ʻAno koʻokoʻo (Bacilli): Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia lākou, e like me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.
- Spirochetes: ʻAno wili, e like me ke kaula.
2. Wahi a ke koi oxygen
- Aerobes: Pono kēia mau meaola i ka oxygen e ola ai.
- Anaerobes: ʻAʻole noho kēia poʻe ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka oxygen. Ua like ka oxygen me ka mea make iā lākou.
- Facultative: Hiki i kēia poʻe ke ola me ka oxygen a i ʻole me ka ʻole.
3. He hoʻāʻo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Gram Staining
He hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa kēia i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā bacteria. Pili ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kemika kūikawā (nā dyes) i kahi hāpana bacteria. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o nā bacteria i kēia mau dyes, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau pūʻulu nui. ʻO kēia nā Gram-positive a me Gram-negative .
Maanei, ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻo 'maikaʻi' a me 'maikaʻi ʻole' he 'maikaʻi ʻole'. ʻO nā hopena wale nō ia o ka hoʻāʻo.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka paia o ke kelepona o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua, ʻokoʻa kā lākou pane ʻana i nā pigments. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano antibiotic e pono e hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua.
| ʻAno | Gram-maikaʻi | Gram-maikaʻi ʻole |
|---|---|---|
| ʻO ke kala i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo | Polū a poni paha | ʻUlaʻula a poni paha |
| ʻAno o ka paia o ke kelepona | ʻAno mānoanoa a maʻalahi hoʻi | He ʻano lahilahi akā paʻakikī |
| Nā Laʻana | ʻO Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria | ʻO E. coli, Pseudomonas, Chlamydia |
ʻO ka bacteria a me nā virus - he aha ka ʻokoʻa?
ʻO kēia kahi e huikau ai ka poʻe he nui. He ʻelua mea like ʻole ka bacteria a me nā virus. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea ʻelua ke kumu o ka maʻi, aia nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻokoʻa loa nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea ʻelua.
| ʻO ke kiko | Bacteria | Nā maʻi ʻino |
|---|---|---|
| Ke ola nei? | ʻAe, he meaola hoʻokahi keena. Hiki ke hoʻohua hou iā ia iho. | He mea ia e kū ana ma waena o ke ola a me ke ola ʻole. No ka hoʻohua hou ʻana, pono ia e komo i loko o kekahi pūnaewele ola ʻē aʻe (pūnaewele hoʻokipa). |
| Ka nui | ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o nā virus. | Liʻiliʻi loa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka bacteria. |
| Lapaʻau | Hiki ke luku ʻia e nā antibiotics . | ʻAʻole hana nā lāʻau antibiotic!Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antiviral. |
E hoʻomanaʻo! He mea ʻole ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic no nā maʻi viral he nui e like me ke anu, ka maʻi palū, a me ka dengue fever. E hōʻeha wale ia i ke kino a e hoʻolilo i ka bacteria i kūʻē i nā lāʻau antibiotic.
ʻO nā antibiotics a me ke kū'ē weliweli
Ke loaʻa iā kākou kahi maʻi bacteria, hakakā ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko kākou kino iā ia. Akā i kekahi manawa pono kākou i ke kōkua mai waho e lanakila ai i kēlā kaua. ʻO ia kahi e komo mai ai nā antibiotics . Hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka luku ʻana i nā paia cell o ka bacteria a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana i kā lākou DNA i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana hou.
Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e makaʻala loa i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā lāʻau antibiotic. No ka mea , ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic a i ʻole hewa paha, hoʻomaka ka bacteria e kūʻē i kēlā mau lāʻau. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he "kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic".
E noʻonoʻo i ka wā e hoʻomau ai mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau like, e 'maʻa mālie' nā bacteria i kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua like ia me ka ʻenemi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i kā mākou mau mea kaua. A laila, inā hāʻawi mākou iā lākou i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole e make nā bacteria. ʻO `(MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)` kahi laʻana o kahi ʻano bacteria weliweli i kūʻē i ia mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO kahi hewa a ka poʻe he nui e hana ai ma ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo ia ke hele ʻana i ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau a noi i kahi lāʻau antibiotic i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā lākou kahi kuni iki a i ʻole ke anu. He mea weliweli loa kēia e hana ai. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi viral, ʻaʻole e kōkua iki kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohana ʻoe i kēia mau mea me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a ke kauka , hiki i ka bacteria ke maʻa i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, a i kekahi lā ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi, aia paha kahi kūlana kahi ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana ai.
No laila,
- E lawe wale i nā antibiotics inā i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka .
- E lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka no ka manawa piha i kuhikuhi ʻia . ʻOiai inā e hoʻomaikaʻi kāu mau hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mau lā, e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka helu piha o nā lā i kuhikuhi ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana pēlā, hiki i nā bacteria i pepehi ʻole ʻia ke ulu hou i loko o kou kino a lilo i kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā moʻolelo kupanaha hou aʻe e pili ana i ka bacteria
- Pehea e hoʻohua ai nā bacteria? Hoʻohua ka hapa nui o nā bacteria ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "binary fission." ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ua māhele ʻia kekahi cell bacteria i ʻelua, e hana ana i ʻelua mau cell hou. Hana koke kēia. ʻO ia ke kumu e laha koke ai kahi maʻi.
- Nā bacteria ʻai palakiko!I ka makahiki 2016, ua ʻike kahi hui o nā kānaka ʻepekema ma Iapana i kahi ʻano bacteria e ʻai ana i nā ʻōmole palakiko (`Ideonella sakaiensis`). ʻAi pinepine nā bacteria i nā mea olaola. Akā, hoʻoheheʻe kēia bacteria i ka kemika ``(PET)`` e hana ana i nā ʻōmole palakiko. Manaʻolana nā kānaka ʻepekema e hāʻawi mai nā bacteria e like me kēia i kahi hopena no ka pilikia o ka ʻōpala palakiko o ka honua i kekahi lā.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He mau meaola liʻiliʻi nā bacteria ma nā wahi a pau. ʻAʻohe mea ʻino o ka hapa nui o lākou iā mākou, a he kōkua nui kekahi iā mākou.
- He mea nui loa nā bacteria maikaʻi (microbiome) i loko o ko kākou ʻōpū no ko kākou olakino.
- Aia kekahi mau bacteria pathogenic (pathogens) e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. Hoʻohana mākou i nā antibiotics e mālama iā lākou.
- ʻElua mau mea like ʻole ka bacteria a me nā virus. He mea ʻole nā antibiotics e kūʻē i nā maʻi viral e like me ke anu maʻamau.
- Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic inā i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka. Pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau no ka manawa piha i kuhikuhi ʻia.
- Mai kūʻai i nā lāʻau antibiotic mai ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ma kāu iho a i ʻole ma ke aʻo a kekahi. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka pōʻino nui.
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