Loaʻa iā kākou a pau ke koko i loko o ko kākou kino, akā ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻaʻole like ke koko o kēlā me kēia kanaka? E like me nā manamana lima, ʻokoʻa ko kākou mau ʻano koko kekahi i kekahi. Inā makemake ʻoe e hāʻawi koko a loaʻa paha ke koko, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o kou ʻano koko. No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano koko, ko lākou ʻokoʻa, a pehea lākou e pili ai i ko kākou olakino.
He aha kēia mau ʻano koko?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e nā genes āu e hoʻoilina ai mai kou makuahine a me kou makuakāne. Loaʻa iā kākou āpau nā ʻāpana like o ko kākou koko. ʻO ia hoʻi, nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo, nā platelets, a me ka wai i kapa ʻia ʻo plasma e lana ana a puni lākou.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi kumu nui e ʻokoʻa ai nā ʻano koko mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka. ʻO ia nā ʻano kūikawā o nā protein ma luna o ka ʻili o ko kākou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau antigens . Eia kekahi, ma ka ʻāpana wai o ke koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, plasma, aia kekahi ʻano kūikawā o ka protein, i kapa ʻia ʻo antibodies .
No laila, ua hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e ke ʻano o nā antigens ma luna o ka ʻili o kou mau keʻena koko ʻulaʻula a me ke ʻano o nā antibodies i loko o kou kahe koko.
Nā ʻano koko nui a me ko lākou ʻokoʻa
Aia he 8 mau ʻano koko maʻamau ma ka honua. Ua māhele ʻia kēia mau mea i 4 mau pūʻulu nui. ʻO lākou ʻo A, B, AB a me O. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ʻo ka ʻōnaehana ABO . Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mea nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea Rh . E nānā pū kākou i kēlā.
ʻŌnaehana hui koko ABO
Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antigens i kapa ʻia ʻo A a me B ma luna o nā ʻili o nā keena koko ʻulaʻula.
| Hui Koko | ʻO ka Antigen ma nā keena koko ʻulaʻula | ʻAntibody i loko o ka Plasma |
|---|---|---|
| Māhele A | Aia kahi antigen A. | Aia kekahi antibodies B. |
| Māhele B | Loaʻa iā ia ka antigen B | Aia ka antibody A. |
| Māhele AB | Aia nā antigens A a me B. | ʻAʻohe antibodies A a i ʻole B |
| Māhele O | ʻAʻohe antigens A a i ʻole B | Aia nā antibodies A a me B. |
He aha ka Rh Factor?
ʻO kēia kekahi ʻano antigen i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā keena koko ʻulaʻula.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka Rh factor i loko o kou koko, ʻo kou ʻano koko he "positive / +" . (Laʻana: A+, B+, O+)
- Inā ʻaʻohe ou Rh factor i loko o kou koko, ʻo kou ʻano koko he "Negative / -" . (Laʻana: A-, AB-, O-)
Ua hui pū kēia mau hui ABO a me ka factor Rh e hana i nā ʻano koko nui 8 a mākou i ʻike ai.
Ka Hāʻawi ʻana a me ka Loaʻa ʻana o ke Koko - No ke aha he mea nui ka Hoʻohālikelike ʻana?
Ma mua o 1901, ua manaʻo nā kauka he ʻano koko like ko kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO ka hopena, ua make ka poʻe he nui i ka hāʻawi koko ʻana i kēlā manawa. Ma hope wale nō i ʻike ai kekahi kanaka ʻepekema i kapa ʻia ʻo Karl Landsteiner i kēia mau ʻano koko.
Inā hui ʻia nā ʻano koko ʻelua i kūlike ʻole, hoʻomaka nā antibodies i loko o ke kino o ka mea loaʻa e hakakā me ke koko haole. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula e pili pū a paʻa. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi loa, a hiki i ka make, e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa. No laila, he mea pono ke hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano koko i ka wā e hāʻawi ai a loaʻa ai ke koko.
ʻO ke koko ʻano O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Universal Donor . " ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻohe antigens A, B, a i ʻole Rh o ke koko ʻano O, no laila hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi me kekahi ʻano koko. I kahi pilikia, e like me kahi ulia, i ka wā ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻāʻo ai i ke ʻano koko o ka mea maʻi, hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ke koko ʻano O.
ʻO ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi (AB+) ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "Universal Recipient".A i ʻole "ka mea loaʻa honua." ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻohe antibodies o ke koko AB+ e kūʻē iā A a i ʻole B, no laila hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula mai kekahi ʻano koko.
Mai kēia papa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi i ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ke koko a mai iā wai e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa.
| Kou ʻano koko | Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi koko. | Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke koko. |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| ʻO+ | ʻO+, A+, B+, AB+ | ʻO+, ʻO- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| AB+ | AB+ wale nō | Nā ʻano koko āpau |
| ʻA- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | ʻA-, ʻO- |
| ʻO- | Nā ʻano koko āpau (Universal Donor) | ʻO-wale nō |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, ʻO- |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
No ke aha he mea nui ke ʻano koko i ka wā hāpai?
He mea nui kēia no nā kānaka he nui. ʻOi aku hoʻi, inā he ʻano koko Rh maikaʻi ʻole (Rh-) ke ʻano koko o ka makuahine a hoʻoilina ke pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū i ke ʻano koko mai ka makuakāne a he Rh maikaʻi (Rh+), aia kahi hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau pilikia.
Hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ua ʻike ke kino o ka makuahine i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula Rh+ o ke pēpē he 'ʻē' a hoʻomaka e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē iā lākou. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka lua a me nā hāpai ʻana ma hope ma mua o ka mua. Hiki i kēia mau antibodies ke luku i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ke pēpē.
Akā, ʻaʻohe mea e makaʻu ai. I kēia manawa, aia nā hopena maikaʻi no kēia. E nānā kāu kauka i kou ʻano koko i ka wā mua o kou hāpai ʻana. Inā he Rh- ʻoe, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi lāʻau pale i kapa ʻia ʻo Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) i nā manawa maʻamau e pale aku i ka pōʻino i ka pēpē.
Aia kekahi pilina ma waena o ke ʻano koko a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe?
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā moʻolelo e like me "ʻOi aku ka maʻi o ka poʻe me kēia ʻano koko" a "ʻOi aku ke olakino o ka poʻe me kēlā ʻano koko." Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka poʻe me nā ʻano koko A, B, a i ʻole AB, akā ʻaʻole kēia he mea hoʻoholo.
E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole kou ʻano koko e hoʻomaʻi iā ʻoe. Hoʻopili ʻia ia e nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me kou nohona, nā ʻano ʻai, ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi. ʻAʻohe ʻano koko i "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi" a i ʻole "ʻoi aku ka ʻino" ma mua o kekahi. He mea ia a mākou e hoʻoilina ai, e like me ke kala o nā maka a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe.
Eia kekahi, kamaʻilio kekahi poʻe e pili ana i ka "ʻAi ʻAno Koko." Akā, ʻaʻohe kumu ʻepekema no kēia mau mea. No laila, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike ka mea maikaʻi loa no nā mea āpau.
Leka Lawe-Home
- Hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e nā genes āu e hoʻoilina ai mai kou mau mākua mai. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.
- I ka wā e hāʻawi ai a loaʻa paha ke koko, he hana hoʻōla ola ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano koko. Hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke koko kūpono ʻole ke make.
- He mea nui e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai, ʻoiai inā he Rh- ka makuahine a he Rh+ ka pēpē. I kēia manawa, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no kēia.
- ʻO ke koko ʻano O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) he "mea hāʻawi honua" hiki ke hāʻawi i kekahi. ʻO ke koko ʻano AB maikaʻi (AB+) he "mea loaʻa honua" hiki ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi.
- ʻAʻohe ʻano koko i "ʻoi aku ke olakino" a i ʻole "ʻoi aku ka ʻino" ma mua o kekahi. No laila, mai makaʻu pono ʻole i kou ʻano koko.
- Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe ʻike i kou ʻano koko, he mea kūpono ke nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko.
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