Ke lilo nei kou ʻike i mea pōwehiwehi iki? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā cataracts!

Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa e like me ʻoe e nānā ana i ke ao nei ma o ka puka makani lepo? A i ʻole ke manaʻo nei ʻoe e uliuli ana kou mau maka mai nā kukui uila ke kalaiwa ʻoe i ka pō? Malia paha pono ʻoe i kahi mālamalama hou aʻe e heluhelu ai i ka nūpepa. ʻAʻole kēia he mau mea wale nō, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike he cataracts kou i kou mau maka. Mai hopohopo, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha nā cataracts?

I nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻili liʻiliʻi ka cataract, a i ʻole ke ao, e hana ʻia ma ka lens i loko o kou maka. ʻO ka maʻamau, he moakāka loa a palupalu kou lens. Hana ʻia ia me nā protein , ʻo ia hoʻi nā protein i kapa ʻia he crystallins . I ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana, wāwahi kēia mau protein a hana i nā mea a kākou e kapa nei he ao, he mau kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka lens. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻopilikia pololei i kou ʻike.

I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i kēia kūlana ke ʻoi aku ka ʻino a hiki i kou ʻike ke lilo i mea ʻino loa. Hiki i kēia ke paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i nā hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā. Wahi a nā kauka he mea hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia nā cataracts me ka ʻelemakule. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻo nā cataracts e pili ana i ka ʻelemakule ke ʻano maʻamau o kēia maʻi.

Akā, mai hopohopo! ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kali a nalowale mālie kou ʻike. Hiki i nā kauka maka ke hana i ke ʻoki kino e wehe i kēia mau cataract a hoʻihoʻi i kou ʻike.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano cataract like ʻole?

ʻAe, aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā cataracts. Akā ma kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i nā cataracts e kū mai ana me ka ʻelemakule. E nānā pōkole hoʻi kākou i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe:

• ʻO nā cataracts pediatric: Loaʻa kēia i nā pēpē ʻōpio a me nā keiki. Hiki i kekahi mau pēpē ke hānau ʻia me kēia maʻi mai ka hānau ʻana mai , a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke ulu koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, he mau mea hoʻoilina kēia. Akā hiki ke hana ʻia e nā ʻeha maka a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi maka ʻē aʻe. Inā loaʻa kēia maʻi i nā pēpē ʻōpio a me nā keiki, pono e mālama koke ʻia. A i ʻole, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia e like me ka amblyopia , a i ʻole ka 'maka palaualelo'.
• ʻO nā cataract traumatic: Hoʻomaka kēia mau mea ke pā ʻia kou maka e kekahi mea. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka maka.
• ʻO nā cataract lua: ʻO kēia nā pouli o ka lens, ʻaʻole ka lens ponoʻī, akā ʻo ka capsule lens , ka membrane e uhi ana i ka lens. ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia ʻo posterior capsular opacification . He kūlana maʻamau kēia e hiki ke hana ma hope o ke ʻoki cataract, akā hiki ke mālama maʻalahi ʻia.

He aha nā ʻano pilikia e hele mai me ka ʻelemakule?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano cataracts e ulu ana me ka makahiki. Ua kapa ʻia lākou e like me kahi o ka lens a lākou e hana ai. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia, he mea kōkua ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi manaʻo iki o ka Aufbau o kāu lens.

E noʻonoʻo e like kāu lens hoʻopili me kahi ʻāpala:

• Nucleus: Aia kēia ma waenakonu o ke aniani, e like me ke kikowaena o kahi ʻāpala.
• Cortex: ʻO kēia ka papa a puni ke kikowaena. Ua like ia me ka ʻith o kahi ʻāpala a mākou e ʻai ai.
• ʻO ke kāpule aniani: ʻO kēia ka membrane lahilahi e uhi ana i ka cornea. ʻAʻole ia he ʻāpana o ka aniani ponoʻī, akā hana ia ma ke ʻano he ʻili pale a puni ka maka, e uhi ana a pale ana i ka aniani. Ua like ia me ka ʻili o ka ʻāpala.

Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kauka maka i nā cataracts ma muli o kahi i loko o ka lens i hana ʻia ai. I ka manawa pinepine, hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i nā ʻano he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia no ka mea he mea maʻamau ka hana ʻana o kēia mau kiko ao ma nā wahi he nui ma ka lens. ʻO nā ʻano cataracts ʻekolu maʻamau e kū mai ana i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana:

• ʻO ka cataract sclerotic nuclear: Hoʻomohala kēia ma ke kikowaena (nucleus) o ka lens.
• ʻO ka cataract cortical: Hoʻomohala kēia i loko o ka cortex.
• ʻO ka cataract subcapsular hope: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma ke kua o ka lens . ʻO "Posterior" ma ʻaneʻi ke ʻano "ma hope" o ka lens. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻāpana kokoke loa i kou retina (aia ma hope o ka lens). ʻO "Subcapsular" ke ʻano o kēia cataract e hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka lihi waho loa o ka lens, ma lalo pono o ka capsule lens.

I ka makahiki hea e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻike ʻana o nā cataracts?

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka nā protein i loko o ka lens o kou maka e haki ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki. Akā, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i nā hōʻailona a hiki i kou 60 a ma hope paha. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus , hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona ma mua.

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia kūlana?

He mea maʻamau loa nā maʻi cataract ma Sri Lanka a puni ka honua. Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ma kahi o 17% o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua he mau maʻi cataract e hoʻopilikia ai i ko lākou ʻike. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa kēia helu mai kēlā ʻāina a kēia ʻāina a me kēlā ʻāina a kēia ʻāina. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia ma nā ʻāina me ka loaʻa kālā waena a me ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia no ka mea he nui aku nā kumu pilikia o kēlā poʻe a he emi iho nā hale no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi cataract.

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, 1 i loko o 5 mau kānaka ma waena o 65 a me 74 mau makahiki he mau cataracts e hoʻopilikia ana i ko lākou ʻike. ʻOi aku ma mua o 50% o ka poʻe ma luna o 80 mau makahiki he mau cataracts a ua hana ʻia paha ke ʻoki ʻana e wehe iā lākou.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka cataracts?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā cataracts, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me:

• ʻIke e ʻike ʻia ana he ao pōuliuli, he noe, a he noe paha .
• Nā loli i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā kala (hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kala ua mae a ua emi paha ka ʻōlinolino).
• ʻĀlohilohiE lilo ana nā maka i mea ʻike i ka lā, nā kukui kaʻa, a me ke kukui o ke kukui.
• E polū ana nā maka i ka nānā ʻana i ka mālamalama, e ʻike ana i nā halo a puni nā kukui, a e ʻike ana i nā kaha.
• Ua emi ka ʻike ʻia i ka pō .
• ʻO kahi hoʻololi i kāu kauoha no ke aniani maka, ʻoiai ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike mamao a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kokoke .
• E pono ana ka mālamalama hou aku e heluhelu ai.
• ʻIke pālua .

Ke hoʻoulu nei anei ka cataract i ka ʻeha?

ʻAʻole ʻeha pinepine ka cataracts, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i kekahi ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka wā e lilo ai kou mau maka i mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.

No ke aha e ulu ai nā cataracts?

ʻO ke kumu nui o nā cataracts ka haki mālie ʻana o nā protein i loko o ka lens o ka maka. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau kumu genetic a me ke kaiapuni ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā cataracts i ka wā ʻōpiopio a i ʻole ma hope o nā makahiki ʻē aʻe.

He aha nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā cataracts?

Hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia nā kumu pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā cataracts i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui: ke kaiapuni, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka genetic.

Nā kumu pilikia kaiapuni

ʻO kēia nā mea āu e hālāwai ai i ke kaiapuni a puni ʻoe. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia ke lilo i mau mea ʻawahia āu e hanu ai a ʻai. He mea ʻino nā mea kaiapuni no ka mea hoʻonui lākou i ka nui o nā radical manuahi i loko o kou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻāpana paʻa ʻole e hōʻino ana i nā cell olakino. Hiki i kēia mau radical manuahi ke hōʻino i nā cell i loko o ka lens o kou maka, e hana ana i nā cataracts.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia kaiapuni:

• Ka haumia o ka ea.
• Uahi paka .
• ʻAila.
• Nā kemika i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā hale hana.
• Mea pepehi pepeke.
• ʻO ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet (kukui UV) mai ka lā.
• Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka radiation therapy i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o kou kino.

ʻO ka hoʻēmi ʻana i kēia mau mea i hōʻike ʻia i ke kaiapuni e kōkua paha i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā cataracts. Ke noiʻi nei nā kānaka noiʻi i ka maikaʻi o kēia mau ʻano pale.

Nā kumu pilikia olakino

ʻO nā kumu lapaʻau e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā cataracts:

• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko.
• Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻoki maka, e like me ka glaucoma.
• Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā corticosteroids ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau kūlana (e like me ka rheumatoid arthritis).
• Loaʻa kekahi mau maʻi maka, e like me Retina pigmentosa a i ʻole Uveitis .

Nā kumu pilikia genetic

Inā loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana nā cataracts, ʻoi aku kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ia mau mea. Hiki i kekahi mau hoʻololi genetic ke hana i nā cataracts congenital. No nā cataracts e pili ana i ka makahiki, hiki i nā hoʻololi genetic ke hoʻolilo i kāu lens i mea maʻalahi i nā mea pilikia o ke kaiapuni. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea noiʻi i ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia mau loulou.

No laila, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i kāu pilikia genetic, he mea nui e ʻike i ka mōʻaukala lapaʻau o kou ʻohana a kaʻana like me kāu kauka.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā he cataracts kou?

Hoʻoponopono nā kauka maka a me nā kauka maka i nā cataracts ma o kahi hoʻokolokolo maka piha. E nānā pono kāu kauka i kou mau maka e ʻike inā he mau hōʻailona o nā cataracts a pehea ko lākou koʻikoʻi. E nīnau pū lākou e pili ana i kou ʻike, kou mōʻaukala olakino, a inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kou ʻike e like me ka wā ma mua, e paʻakikī ai ka hana ʻana i kāu mau hana o kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā cataracts:

• Hoʻokolokolo kukui ʻoki.
• Hoʻāʻo ʻike maka.

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka cataracts?

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ka cataract ke ala wale nō e wehe ai i ka cataract a hoʻihoʻi i kou ʻike maopopo. I ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana i ka cataract, wehe kahi loea maka i kāu lens kūlohelohe noe a hoʻololi iā ia me kahi lens hana (lens intraocular - IOL) . ʻO ka IOL kahi lens hana i hoʻokomo mau ʻia i loko o kou maka. Nui nā ʻano IOL, a hiki i kāu kauka ke kamaʻilio me ʻoe e pili ana iā lākou.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kahi IOL, ʻo ia ka moakāka e like me kāu aniani maoli. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā hewa refractive , ʻo ia nā kumu ʻē aʻe no ke kau ʻana i nā aniani. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka pono no nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​​​aniani hoʻopili ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.

He mea weliweli anei ke ʻoki cataract?

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ka cataract kekahi o nā ʻoki palekana a maʻamau i hana ʻia ma ka honua. ʻAʻole pilikia nui ka hapa nui o ka poʻe. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e makaʻala i nā pilikia āpau e hiki mai ana, e like me ka retinal detachment a me ka maʻi.

Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi maka a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā pilikia. No laila, pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kou pae pilikia pilikino ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana. Eia kekahi, e nīnau pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā pilikia hiki.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e hoʻōla ai ma hope o ke ʻoki kino?

E ʻike paha ʻoe i kekahi ʻeha a me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. E hāʻawi kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau ʻeha e lawe ai no ka lā mua a ʻelua paha.

Ma kahi o ʻehā a ʻewalu pule e ho'ōla piha ai, akā e hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i kahi holomua o kou ʻike ma mua koke. E haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i ka wā palekana e hoʻi hou i kāu mau hana maʻamau.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā cataracts?

Hiki i ke kauka maka a i ʻole ke kauka maka ke haʻi maikaʻi iā ʻoe e pili ana i kou kūlana. E nānā lākou i kou mau maka a loiloi i ke koʻikoʻi o kekahi cataracts āu e loaʻa nei.

I nā pae mua, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e pono i ke ʻoki kino. He liʻiliʻi paha nā loli i kou ʻike. Akā i ka ulu ʻana o nā cataracts i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hōʻailona ʻike nui ʻia. Inā hoʻomaka kāu mau hōʻailona e hoʻopilikia i kou ola o kēlā me kēia lā, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ke ʻoki kino e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomau palekana i kāu mau hana maʻamau.

Hiki ke pale ʻia nā cataracts?

He ʻāpana maʻamau ka cataracts o ka ʻelemakule. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale i ke olakino o kou mau maka a hoʻopaneʻe iki paha i ke kaʻina hana:

• Mai puhi paka. Hoʻonui ka uahi paka i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā cataracts. Inā he mea puhi paka ʻoe i kēia manawa, e noi i kāu kauka no ke kōkua e haʻalele.
• E pale i kou mau maka mai ka lā. E ʻaʻahu i nā aniani maka a i ʻole nā ​​goggles me ka uhi anti-UV. He kōkua nō hoʻi ke kau ʻana i ka pāpale me kahi lihi.
• E hana i nā hoʻokolohua maka maʻamau. E nīnau i kāu kauka i ka pinepine o kou hele ʻana mai no nā hoʻokolohua. Mai poina i kāu mau lā hoʻokolohua, a e haʻi i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona hou a loli paha.

He aha ka mea hiki i kekahi me ke cataracts ke hana e mālama ai iā lākou iho?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā cataracts, nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e mālama iā ʻoe iho. Eia kekahi o lākou:

• E komo i nā aniani polarized e hōʻemi i ka ʻālohilohi i ka lā mālamalama.
• E hoʻohana i ke aniani hoʻonui e kōkua iā ʻoe e heluhelu.
• I mea e ʻike maikaʻi aku ai i ka wā e heluhelu ana, e hoʻokomo i nā kukui ʻōlinolino i loko o kāu mau kukui.
• Inā hoʻouliuli nā kukui i kou mau maka i ka wā e kalaiwa ana i ka pō, ʻaʻohe pilikia, akā inā he pilikia ia, e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka kalaiwa ʻana i ka pō .
• E ʻike i kāu kauka maka e like me kāna papa hana a hoʻololi i kāu mau aniani inā pono.
• E mālama pono i nā maʻi lapaʻau ma lalo, e like me ka maʻi diabetes .

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ke cataracts, a inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou ʻike, e ʻike i kāu kauka. ʻO nā pilikia e like me ka ʻike pōuliuli hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o nā maʻi maka ʻē aʻe he nui, me nā cataracts. No laila, he mea nui e ʻike i ke kauka e ʻike i ke kumu o kāu mau hōʻailona a loaʻa i ka lāʻau kūpono.

Āhea ʻoe e hele ai i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ka wehe ʻana o ka retinaInā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ​​e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia. He pilikia kakaikahi kēia akā koʻikoʻi hiki ke hana ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana i ka cataract. Hoʻopilikia ia ma kahi o 1 i loko o 100 mau kānaka. ʻO nā hōʻailona hōʻike:

• Ua hoʻomaka koke ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea lana a me nā kukui o ke kukui i mua o kou mau maka.
• Ke ʻike nei i ka mālamalama me kou mau maka e hāmama ana a pani ʻia paha.
• ʻO ka manaʻo o kahi aka a i ʻole kahi pale e pālahalaha ana ma kou ʻike.

He aha nā nīnau āu e nīnau ai i kāu kauka maka?

Eia kekahi mau nīnau āu e makemake ai e nīnau i kāu kauka:

• He mau hōʻailona koʻu o ka cataracts?
• Pehea ke koʻikoʻi o ke katarata?
• He aha ke ʻano o lākou a ma hea lākou e waiho ai ma kaʻu mau aniani hoʻopili?
• E hoʻopilikia anei ia i koʻu mau maka ʻelua?
• Āhea kou manaʻo e pono ai iaʻu ke ʻoki kino?
• He aha nā pilikia noʻu mai ke ʻoki kino?
• He aha ke ʻano o ka IOL i kūpono iaʻu?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e nānā maikaʻi a hiki i koʻu hana ʻoki kino ʻana?
• He aha nā hoʻololi o ke ʻano o ka nohona e pono iaʻu e hana?

ʻOiai he ʻāpana maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule ka cataracts, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu mau ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona o kēia maʻi. Hiki i ka manaʻo o ke ʻoki maka ke hoʻoweliweli iā ʻoe a hopohopo e pili ana i ke ʻano o kou ʻike ma hope o ke kaʻina hana.

Mai hopohopo nui. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ke ʻoki ʻana i ka cataract kekahi o nā ʻoki maʻamau a maʻamau hoʻi o ka honua. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i hoʻokahi kanaka i hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana, a he kanaka maikaʻi paha lākou e kamaʻilio pū me ia. E kamaʻilio me lākou a nīnau e pili ana i ko lākou mau ʻike. Akā, mai manaʻo ʻoe ua koi ʻia a wikiwiki paha e hana i ke ʻoki ʻana. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka a hoʻoholo i ka manawa kūpono loa iā ʻoe.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

No laila, ʻoiai he mea e hele mai ana ka cataracts me ka ʻelemakule, ʻaʻole ia he mea e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia. Inā manaʻo ʻoe e emi mālie ana kou ʻike, mai hopohopo a e ʻike i ke kauka maka . Inā ʻike mua ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai a ola i kou ola maʻamau, me ka ʻike maopopo. He mea nui loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua maka i ka manawa kūpono a mālama i kou mau maka . E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo kou mau maka ka waiwai nui loa āu e ʻike ai i ke ao nei!

ʻO nā cataracts, ka hemahema o ka ʻike, nā lens intraocular, ke ʻoki maka, ka ʻelemakule, ke olakino maka