Ua haʻahaʻa kou mau hunaola koko? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka cytopenia!

Ke luhi a palaualelo nei paha ʻoe i kekahi manawa? A i ʻole e maʻi mau ana ʻoe? Malia paha no ka mea he haʻahaʻa kou helu o kekahi mau ʻano hunaola i loko o kou koko. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia ʻano he cytopenia. Mai hopohopo, e kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana.

He aha nā ʻano hunaola i loko o ko kākou koko? He aha ka mea e hana ai inā e emi ana lākou?

ʻAe, e nānā mua kākou i nā ʻano nui o nā cell i loko o ko kākou koko a me kā lākou hana. E like me ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kaʻa e holo ai, he mea nui loa kēia mau ʻano cell ʻekolu i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o ko kākou kino.

• Nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula (Erythrocytes): ʻO kēia nā hunaola e lawe ana i ka oxygen ma o ko kākou kino. E noʻonoʻo wale, pono kēlā me kēia ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ko kākou kino i ka ikehu e hana ai. ʻO ka oxygen a kēia mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula e lawe ai e kōkua i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēlā ikehu.
• Nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo (Leukocytes): Ua like kēia me nā kiaʻi palekana o ke kino. Ke komo nā germs, e like me ka bacteria, nā virus, nā parasites, a me nā fungi, i loko o ke kino, e hakakā kēia mau hunaola keʻokeʻo iā lākou a pale iā mākou mai nā maʻi. ʻO lākou nā ʻāpana nui o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale.
• Nā Platelets (Thrombocytes): Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea e hiki ai i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi ke hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko? Kōkua kēia mau platelets i kēlā. Ke kahe ke koko, hui pū kēia mau platelets e hana i kahi ʻūpā koko, e hoʻōki ana i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko. A i ʻole, hiki iā mākou ke nalowale i ka nui o ke koko mai kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi.

No laila, aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka cytopenia?

ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō. ʻAʻole he maʻi hoʻokahi ʻo Cytopenia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana i nele i kou koko.

• Anemia: Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia. He ʻano ia kahi i emi ai nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia? Hoʻemi ka nui o ka oxygen e hiki aku ana i ke kino.
• ʻO Leukopenia: He emi kēia o ka helu o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo nā hunaola keʻokeʻo nā mea e hakakā nei i nā maʻi. No laila, ke emi lākou, aia mākou i kahi pilikia nui o ka maʻi. ʻO kekahi kūlana e pili ana i kēia ua kapa ʻia ʻo neutropenia . He emi kēia o kahi ʻano kūikawā o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo neutrophils. ʻO nā neutrophils ka nui loa o kā mākou mau hunaola koko keʻokeʻo.
• Thrombocytopenia: He emi kēia o ka helu o nā platelets, e kōkua ana i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko. Ke haʻahaʻa kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole e kāpili pono ke koko. ʻOiai kahi palapū liʻiliʻi hiki ke hana i nā kiko koko nui, a i ʻole he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko.
• Pancytopenia: He kūlana koʻikoʻi kēia. ʻO kēia ka wā e emi koke ai nā ʻulaʻula ʻekolu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, nā keʻokeʻo, a me nā platelets i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

Aia kekahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ke kumu o kēia cytopenia:

• ʻO ka Cytopenia Autoimmune:I kekahi manawa, hele hewa ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka i ko kākou mau hunaola koko olakino ponoʻī. Ua like ia me ke kiola ʻana i nā pōhaku i ko kākou hale ponoʻī. Ke hana ʻia kēlā, hiki ke nalowale kekahi a ʻoi aku paha mau hunaola koko.
• ʻO ka Cytopenia paʻakikī: ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana o ko kākou iwi iwi e hana ai i nā hunaola koko. Aia ia i loko o kekahi o nā iwi nui, e like me ka huʻa. No laila, ʻo kēia ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana e kū mai ana i ka wā ʻaʻole hana maʻamau kēia iwi iwi i nā hunaola koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā e emi ai ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko.

He aha nā hōʻailona a mākou e ʻike ai ke emi iho kēia mau hunaola koko?

He nīnau maikaʻi. No ka mea, ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole paha i ʻike kekahi poʻe i kekahi mea, a ʻike wale ʻia ia ma o kahi hoʻāʻo koko. Akā inā ʻike lākou, hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ke ʻano o nā cell i hoʻemi ʻia, pehea ka nui o ko lākou hoʻemi ʻia, a me ke kumu kumu.

E nānā kākou i nā ʻano e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano:

Nā hōʻailona o ka haʻahaʻa o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula (anemia):

• Manaʻo luhi a me ke ola ʻole i nā manawa a pau.
• Hoʻomaka ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana (dyspnea) i ka wā e hana ai i kahi mea ikaika, e like me ka piʻi ʻana i luna o nā alapiʻi.
• Ka puʻuwai wikiwiki a ʻano ʻē paha.
• Lilo ka ʻili i ke keʻokeʻo a me ke anu .
• I kekahi manawa aia paha ka ʻeha o ka umauma .

Nā hōʻailona o ka haʻahaʻa o nā keʻokeʻo koko haʻahaʻa (leukopenia/neutropenia):

• Luhi wale nō ke manaʻo nei.
• Kuni a me ke anu .
• ʻEha ka ʻāʻī (Pharyngitis)
• Nā ʻeha waha .
• ʻO ka ʻūhū nui.
• Ka maʻi kahe .
• Nā ʻōpū lymph pehu.

Nā hōʻailona o ka helu platelet haʻahaʻa (thrombocytopenia):

• ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ke hana maʻalahi i nā kiko koko (nā palapū) e hana maʻalahi ma ke kino .
• Ke kahe koko ʻana ʻaʻole e pau ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha, a i ʻole ke kahe koko e mau ana no ka manawa lōʻihi .
• I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā kiko liʻiliʻi ʻulaʻula a poni paha (petechiae) ma ka ʻili. He mau kahe koko liʻiliʻi kēia ma lalo o ka ʻili.

No ke aha e emi nei koʻu mau hunaola koko penei? He aha nā kumu o kēia?

Nui nā kumu no kēia ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo cytopenia. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻelua mau kumu nui. ʻO kekahi, he pilikia me ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko mai ka iwi iwi aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. A i ʻole, ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola koko i loko o ka iwi iwi a hoʻohui ʻia i ke koko, ua luku ʻia kēlā mau hunaola no kekahi kumu.

Hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia kekahi o kēia mau kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea i loaʻa mai nā genes. Hiki ke loaʻa kekahi, kahi e ulu aʻe ma hope .

Nā kumu kūpono o ka anemia:

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka anemia e ka nele o nā meaʻai.No ka mea. ʻOi loa aku ka nele i ka hao `(Iron-deficiency Anemia)` . ʻO nā meaʻai e like me ka hao, ka wikamina B12 `(Vitamin B12)`, a me ka folate `(Folate)` he mea nui ia no ko kākou iwi iwi e hana i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula olakino. Inā ʻaʻole lawa kēia mau mea, e emi ana nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa ka anemia ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko (ma muli o nā ʻeha, nā ʻoki kino, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me nā maʻi e luku ai i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula.

• Nā maʻi Autoimmune
• Nā maʻi koko a me nā maʻi iwi iwi
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina
• Ka hemahema o ka G6PD
• Kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau
• Nā hemahema meaʻai
• Hāpai keiki
• Ka hemahema o ka pyruvate kinase
• Maʻi ʻeha o ke kelepona ʻokiʻoki
• Thalassemia

Nā kumu kūpono o Leukopenia/Neutropenia:

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa, ʻoiai ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation, kekahi kumu nui o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo haʻahaʻa. Pepehi kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hunaola kanesa, akā ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻaoʻao, hiki ke luku ʻia kekahi mau hunaola olakino (e like me nā hunaola koko).

• Nā maʻi Autoimmune
• Nā maʻi koko a me ka iwi iwi
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina
• Nā maʻi
• Kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau
• Nā hemahema meaʻai

ʻO nā kumu kūpono o ka thrombocytopenia:

• Ka maʻi hoʻohana ʻona
• Nā maʻi Autoimmune, no ka laʻana , Immune Thrombocytopenia
• Nā maʻi koko a me ka iwi iwi, e like me ka Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TPP)
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina
• Nā maʻi
• ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Nā hemahema meaʻai
• Hāpai keiki
• Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā kemika ʻawahia

Aia kekahi mau ʻano cytopenias kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke loaʻa ke kumu pololei:

I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kauka ke kuhikuhi pono i ke kumu o kēia mau helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell koko. I ia mau hihia, hāʻule kēia mau kūlana i ʻelua mau māhele:

• ʻO ke kumu o ka Clonal Cytopenia o ke Koʻikoʻi ʻIke ʻole ʻia (CCUS):ʻO kēia ka manawa e loaʻa ai i kekahi mau hunaola koko ka hoʻololi like ʻana o ka genetic i loko o kā lākou DNA. ʻO ke kanaka me CCUS, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau maʻi koko a me nā maʻi cardiovascular.
• ʻO Idiopathic Cytopenia o ke Koʻikoʻi ʻIke ʻole ʻia (ICUS): Ma kēia, ʻaʻohe ʻano hoʻololi genetic i loaʻa i loko o ka DNA o nā hunaola koko.

Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i kēia maʻi o ka cytopenia? He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia?

ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ​​a i ʻole ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻāʻo koko no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo nui i kapa ʻia he helu koko piha (CBC) . He hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau loa kēia. Hāʻawi ia i kāu kauka i kahi kiʻi maopopo o ka nui o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola keʻokeʻo, a me nā platelets āu, a inā he mau loli i ke ʻano o kēlā mau hunaola. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kekahi mau maʻi.

Inā hōʻike ka CBC i ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell koko, a laila e hoʻāʻo ke kauka e ʻike i ke kumu o ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i kēlā.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe i hana ʻia e ʻike ai i ke kumu?

• ʻO ka ʻIke Koko Peripheral: Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o kou koko, kau iā ia ma luna o kahi slide aniani, a nānā iā ia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hiki i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā cell ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ke kumu o ka pilikia.
• ʻO ka ʻume ʻana o ka iwi iwi a me ka Biopsy: He hoʻāʻo paʻakikī iki kēia. Ma kēia hoʻāʻo, lawe ke kauka i kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o ka iwi iwi a nānā iā ia no nā cell ʻano ʻē. He mea nui kēia hoʻāʻo no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ke kanesa a i ʻole nā ​​​​kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia ai i ke koko a me ka iwi iwi.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lab ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai i ke kumu pololei.

ʻAe, he aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia ʻano o ka cytopenia?

Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke koʻikoʻi o kou kūlana, inā he mau hōʻailona kou, a me ke kumu kumu. I kekahi mau hihia palupalu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe kumu kumu a ʻaʻohe hōʻailona, ​​ʻaʻole pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau .

Eia nō naʻe, inā pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana pinepine ʻia ia e mālama i ke kūlana kumu i hoʻokumu ai i ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell koko. No ka laʻana, inā ma muli o ka nele i ka meaʻai, hiki i kāu kauka ke haʻi aku iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻololi i kāu papaʻai a lawe paha i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai. Inā ma muli o kahi maʻi ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā cell koko, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe nā antibiotics .

I kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi, pono paha nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui pololei i ka helu o nā cell koko. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF):He mau lāʻau lapaʻau kēia. Hana lākou ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāu neutrophils, kahi ʻano keʻokeʻo koko. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo G-CSF i ka poʻe e hana ana i ka chemotherapy e pale aku i ka neutropenia.
• Ka Hoʻoili Koko: Inā ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke hana i kona mau hunaola koko ponoʻī, pono paha ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi hoʻoili koko mai kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.
• Hoʻoili ʻana o ka iwi iwi a i ʻole ke kumu o nā cell: Pili kēia i ka wehe ʻana i nā hunaola koko ʻōpiopio ʻole mai kou iwi iwi a hoʻololi iā lākou me nā hunaola olakino. Ma hope aku, e lilo kēia mau hunaola i mau hunaola koko makua a hoʻi i kou kahe koko.
• Splenectomy: He hana ʻoki kēia e wehe ai i kou spleen . I kekahi manawa hiki i ka spleen ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola koko a wehe iā lākou mai ke kahe koko. Pono paha kēia ʻoki ʻana i ia mau hihia.

Aia kekahi mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana e pale aku i kēia cytopenia mai ka ulu ʻana?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he paʻakikī iā mākou ke pale aku i kekahi mau kumu, no ka laʻana, nā maʻi autoimmune, nā maʻi koko a me ka iwi iwi, a me ke kanesa. He mau mea ia e hana ʻia ma waho o ko mākou mana.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano cytopenias ma ka hōʻoia ʻana e loaʻa i ko mākou kino nā meaʻai e pono ai lākou e hana i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula olakino. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hao lawa i kāu meaʻai e hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka anemia nele i ka hao .

He mea nui hoʻi e kaupalena i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona , no ka mea, hiki i ka waiʻona ke hoʻopilikia i ka hiki o ke kino ke omo i nā meaʻai. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o nā hunaola koko. Ke hoʻōki ʻia ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona, hiki i kēia mau ʻano koko ke hoʻi hou i ka maʻamau.

No laila, he aha ka wānana no ka ho'ōla ʻana mai kēia kūlana? (Prognosis)

ʻO kou wānana, a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana, e hilinaʻi wale ʻia ma ke kumu o kou helu koko haʻahaʻa. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa ka anemia ma muli o ka nele i ka meaʻai, hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia inā mālama pono ʻia a me ka ʻai kūpono. Inā haʻahaʻa kou helu koko keʻokeʻo ma muli o kahi bacteria a virus paha, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ke kōkua i kou helu koko keʻokeʻo e hoʻi i ka maʻamau.

Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa ka cytopenia e kahi maʻi genetic, maʻi koko a iwi paha, a i ʻole ke kanesa, pono paha ia i kahi lāʻau paʻakikī . Pono paha kāu kauka e nānā i kāu helu koko a hana i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau e hōʻoia i kou olakino.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nīnau ʻana i kāu kauka i nā manaʻolana hoʻōla no kou kūlana.

He aha nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka?

Ke ʻike ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi, he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nīnau he nui. Mai makaʻu. E nīnau pono i kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia mau mea:

• "He aha ke ʻano o ka cytopenia i loaʻa iaʻu?"
• "He aha ke kumu o koʻu helu haʻahaʻa o nā hunaola koko?"
• "He aha nā koho lapaʻau e loaʻa iaʻu?"
• "He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau?"
• "Pehea ka lōʻihi e hoʻi ai ka nui o koʻu mau hunaola koko i ka maʻamau?"
• "Pehea ka lōʻihi o koʻu loaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau? ʻEhia pinepine e pono ai iaʻu e hele mai no nā hoʻokolohua?"
• "Hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia koʻu maʻi?"

He anemia maoli anei ka cytopenia?

He wahi kēia e huikau ai nā kānaka he nui. ʻO ka anemia kekahi ʻano maʻi ma lalo o ka huaʻōlelo cytopenia . ʻO ka anemia ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula (erythrocytes). Hiki ke hana ʻia e ka emi ʻana o ka protein hemoglobin i loko o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia hemoglobin ka mea e kōkua ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen.

ʻO Cytopenia kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ka emi ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā hunaola koko . Hoʻokomo pū ia me ka anemia (ka emi ʻana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula), leukopenia (ka emi ʻana o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo), neutropenia (ka emi ʻana o nā neutrophils), thrombocytopenia (ka emi ʻana o nā platelets), a me ka pancytopenia (ka emi ʻana o kēia mau hunaola āpau).

No laila, inā ʻike ʻoe he haʻahaʻa kou pae o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kāu mau hunaola koko, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ma mua o kou hopohopo. Ma muli o ke kumu, pono paha ʻoe a ʻaʻole paha e pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kāu kauka ke kanaka maikaʻi loa e aʻo iā ʻoe ma kēia.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, aia kekahi mau mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i ka cytopenia i kēia manawa. Eia kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo ai:

• ʻO Cytopenia ka emi ʻana o ka helu o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā ʻulaʻula, nā keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​​​platelets i loko o kou koko.
• Nui nā kumu no kēia; mai nā hemahema o ka meaʻai, nā maʻi, nā kūlana genetic, ke kanesa, a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
• ʻAʻole like nā hōʻailona i nā kānaka a pau . ʻAʻole paha i loaʻa i kekahi poʻe kekahi mau hōʻailona. He mea maʻamau ka luhi, ka maʻi pinepine, a me ka maʻalahi o ka ʻeha.
• Hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi (CBC) ke ʻike i kēia. A laila, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e ʻike ai i ke kumu.
• Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i kekahi manawa mālama ʻia ke kumu kumu, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e hoʻonui ai i ka helu o nā cell koko.
• Hiki ke pale ʻia kekahi ʻano cytopenias , ʻoiai ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike a me ka palena ʻana i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona.
• Inā he kānalua a nīnau paha kāu e pili ana i kēia, e kamaʻilio pono me kāu kauka . Mai makaʻu a mai hoʻoholo paha i kāu iho.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka ʻike i kēia mau kūlana i hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻimi koke i ke aʻo lapaʻau a ola i ke ola olakino.

ʻO ka cytopenia, nā hunaola koko, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, iwi ʻiʻo, nā hoʻāʻo koko