He aha ka autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)? Mai makaʻu, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ia mea

Ke pāʻani wale nei kāu keiki liʻiliʻi me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana me nā keiki ʻē aʻe? A i ʻole ʻaʻole ʻo ia e nānā pono iā ʻoe i kou maka ke kamaʻilio ʻoe? Ke hana hou nei ʻo ia i ka mea like i kekahi manawa? He mea maʻamau iā ʻoe ma ke ʻano he makua ke manaʻo iki i ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo ke ʻike ʻoe i nā mea e like me kēia. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo autism, kahi e hōʻike ana i kēia mau hōʻailona a ua kamaʻilio ʻia e nā poʻe he nui. ʻAʻohe kumu e makaʻu ai. E hoʻomaopopo kākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kēia me ka maʻalahi a me ka maopopo.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka autism?

ʻO ka Autism, a i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano lapaʻau ʻo Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), he ʻano paʻakikī ia e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo. ʻAʻole ia he maʻi, akā he hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka lolo. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana o ke kanaka me ka autism me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ke aʻo ʻana, a me ke ʻano.

Hoʻomaka pinepine nā hōʻailona autism ma mua o 3 mau makahiki. Loaʻa kēia maʻi i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "spectrum" no ka mea ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o kona hoʻopilikia ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka a me kona koʻikoʻi. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻohe ʻelua poʻe me ka autism i like.

Aia kekahi mau pae like ʻole o ka autism?

ʻAe. ʻAʻole like ka hopena o ka autism i nā kānaka a pau. I ka wā ma mua, hoʻohana ka poʻe i nā huaʻōlelo e like me "high-functioning" a me "low-functioning." Akā ua hala ka manawa o kēia mau huaʻōlelo a hiki ke hōʻeha. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻohana ʻole ai nā kauka i kēia mau huaʻōlelo.

Akā, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻekolu mau pae e pili ana i ka nui o ke kākoʻo e pono ai i kahi kanaka me ka autism.

ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i kahi kanaka me ka autism , ʻo ia ke nīnau i ke kanaka ponoʻī a i ʻole ko lākou mea mālama iā lākou pehea lākou e makemake ai e wehewehe ʻia.

He aha nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka autism?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki nā hōʻailona o ka autism ma waena o nā keiki a me nā pākeke.

Nā hōʻailona hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā keiki

• ʻAʻohe maka e launa pū.
• ʻAʻole pane mai i ka inoa ʻoiai i ka 9 mahina.
• ʻAʻole e pāʻani i nā pāʻani maʻalahi e like me ke paʻi lima ʻana i ka wā he 12 mahina.
• Hoʻopaʻa lākou i kā lākou mau mea pāʻani ma ke kaʻina like, a huhū loa lākou inā hoʻololi ʻia kēlā kaʻina.
• Ke hana hou ʻana i ka mea like ma luna a ma luna. Eia kekahi laʻana, ke ʻōlelo ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo like, ke lūlū ʻana i mua a i mua, a i ʻole ke peahi ʻana i kou mau lima.
• ʻAʻole e nānā ana i nā mea a haʻi e hōʻike nei.
• ʻAʻohe hoihoi i ka pāʻani ʻana me nā keiki ʻē aʻe.
• E hoʻokaʻulua i nā mea e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka hele wāwae ʻana.
• Hypersensitivity i nā leo maʻamau, nā ʻala, a me ka hoʻopā.
• ʻAʻole makemake e ʻapo ʻia a paʻa ʻia paha e kekahi.

Nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia i nā pākeke

• Ke paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo a me ka manaʻo o haʻi.
• Makemake e noho mehameha a i ʻole pilikia i ka launa pū ʻana me nā hoaaloha.
• Hopohopo i nā kūlana pilikanaka (e.g., nā ʻahaʻaina, nā pāʻina).
• Makemake e hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā ma ke ʻano like, ma ke kaʻina like, a ʻaʻole makemake e ʻike iā lākou e loli ana.
• Ua like nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia (lita)ALL y) Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana. (e.g. ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike e like me "haki i ka wāwae").
• Ka paʻakikī ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka maka a me ka ʻike maka.
• ʻO ka manaʻo ʻole, ka huhū, a i ʻole ka hoihoi ʻole paha e like me ka mea maikaʻi ʻole.

He aha nā "Stimming" a me nā "Meltdowns"?

ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻano hoʻoulu ponoʻī. No ka laʻana, ke peahi nei kekahi poʻe me ka autism i ko lākou mau lima, e neʻe ana i ko lākou mau manamana lima, a e luliluli i mua a i hope. Hana lākou i kēia no ka leʻaleʻa, ka luhi, a i ʻole e hoʻokele i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hopohopo. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e mālie.

ʻAʻole wale ka huhū o ke keiki. He hopena ia i hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia o ko lākou ʻōnaehana nerve ke lilo kahi kūlana i mea nui loa no ke kanaka me ka autism e lawelawe ai, e like me ke ʻala, ke kani, a i ʻole ke kukui. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki iā lākou ke uē, hoʻōho, kīkēkē, a i ʻole e noho mālie loa. E ʻae iā lākou i kahi ākea, e hana i kahi palekana, a e mālama iā lākou me ka mahalo.

He aha ke kumu o ka autism? Ua hana ʻia e nā lāʻau pale?

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu kikoʻī o ka autism , akā ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ma muli o kekahi mau loli i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e hana ana i ka ʻike sensory a me ka ʻōlelo.

Aia kekahi mau kumu pilikia e hoʻopilikia i kēia:

• Nā kumu hoʻoilina: Inā loaʻa kekahi o ka ʻohana i ka autism, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ke keiki i ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia.
• Makahiki makua: ʻO ka makahiki o nā mākua i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana.
• Nā pilikia i ka wā hānau: Nā mea e like me ka hānau ʻia me ke kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa loa.
• Kāne: ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka autism i waena o nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka autism? (Diagnosis)

ʻAʻohe hoʻāʻo koko a mimi paha e hiki ke ʻike pololei i ka autism. Hoʻomaopopo nā kauka iā ia ma ka nānā pono ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki.

ʻElua mau ʻanuʻu maʻamau i kēia kaʻina hana:

1. Nānā Hoʻomohala:Ke lawe ʻoe i kāu keiki i ke keʻena lapaʻau, e nānā ke kauka i ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki. E nānā lākou inā e hana ʻia ana nā mea e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka hele wāwae ʻana, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka manawa kūpono no ko lākou mau makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, nānā nui lākou i ka autism ma nā keʻena lapaʻau 18 a me 24 mahina. Inā manaʻo lākou he lohi a pilikia paha, e kuhikuhi lākou iā ʻoe i ka hana aʻe.

2. Loiloi Piha: No kēia, ua kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi loea e like me ke kauka noʻonoʻo keiki a i ʻole ke kauka pediatric hoʻomohala-behavioral. E nānā lākou i ke ʻano o ke keiki, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me nā mākau noʻonoʻo. E nīnau lākou i nā mākua. I kekahi manawa, e ʻimi pū lākou i ke kōkua o kahi loea ʻōlelo-ʻōlelo a me kahi mea lapaʻau hana.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka autism?

ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻohe 'pila kilokilo' hiki ke ho'ōla loa i ka autism. Akā ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā mua e hiki ke kōkua i kāu keiki e hoʻomohala i ko lākou mau mākau a hoʻokele i ko lākou mau pilikia. ʻOkoʻa ka mālama ʻana mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano lapaʻau nui:

• Nā Lapaʻau Hana: Kōkua i ka paipai ʻana i ka hana maikaʻi a kaohi i ka hana makemake ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) kahi ʻano lapaʻau kaulana i hāʻule ma lalo o kēia māhele.
• Nā Lapaʻau Hoʻomohala: Hoʻomaikaʻi ka Lapaʻau ʻŌlelo i nā mākau kamaʻilio. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka Lapaʻau Hana i nā mākau o kēlā me kēia lā e like me ke kapa ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana.
• Nā Hoʻōla Hoʻonaʻauao: Ke hoʻopilikino nei i nā ʻano hoʻonaʻauao e kūpono i nā pono o ke keiki.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻOiai ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka autism, kuhikuhi pinepine nā kauka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā pilikia pili ʻē aʻe (e like me ka hyperactivity, hopohopo, insomnia).

Pehea ʻoe e kōkua ai ma ke ʻano he makua?

Inā he autism kāu keiki, ʻo kou aloha a me kou kākoʻo kona ikaika nui loa.

• Kōkua me ke kamaʻilio ʻana: Ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu keiki, e haʻi i ko lākou inoa. E ʻōlelo mālie, me nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi a maopopo. E hoʻohana i nā kiʻi a me nā hōʻailona.
• E hana i kahi hana maʻamau:ʻAʻole makemake nā keiki me ka autism i ka loli, no laila e hoʻomau i nā mea e like me ka manawa ʻai, ka manawa pāʻani, a me ka wā hiamoe.
• Kōkua me nā pilikia hiamoe: E ho'āʻo e hiamoe i ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia lā. E hoʻolilo i kou lumi i pouli a mālie.
• E kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākau pilikanaka: Mai koi aku i kāu keiki. E hoʻokomo iā lākou i nā hana hui liʻiliʻi. E hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manawa e aʻo ai i nā mākau pilikanaka.