Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau pilikia me kou mau maka? (Nā maʻi maka) E makaʻala kākou!

Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe i kahi mea ʻē a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha i kou mau maka? Malia paha ua ʻeha kou mau maka, a i ʻole ua like ʻoe me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maopopo e like me ma mua, a i ʻole ua ʻulaʻula wale kou mau maka a waimaka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau mea e nā maʻi maka like ʻole. No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia mau maʻi maka, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano lapaʻau, "Nā Maʻi Maka", a pehea e mālama ai iā lākou. ʻAʻohe mea e makaʻu ai, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka makaʻala i kēia.

He aha nā maʻi maka?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā maʻi maka nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i kou mau maka a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻāpana a puni lākou. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea he koke loa a hoʻōla koke (nā kūlana 'acute'). Eia kekahi laʻana, he maʻi maka. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau maʻi e hoʻomaka koke ana, akā hiki ke mau no ka manawa lōʻihi (nā kūlana 'chronic').

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi maka e loaʻa i loko o ka maka. Akā, ʻaʻole ia wale nō. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻiʻo e hoʻoneʻe ai i kou mau maka, ka lua maka, nā lihilihi maka, a i ʻole ka ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo a puni kou mau maka. E noʻonoʻo, i kekahi manawa hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he maʻi maka kahi puʻupuʻu ma kou lihilihi maka.

Pehea ka maʻamau o nā maʻi maka?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea maʻamau loa nā maʻi maka a me nā hemahema o ka ʻike. Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.2 biliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ʻeha nei i kekahi ʻano hemahema o ka ʻike a i ʻole ka makapō.

ʻO kekahi kumu i maʻamau ai nā maʻi maka, ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko mākou mau maka mai ke koena o ko mākou kino. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā maʻi maka i nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe i loko o ko mākou kino. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki i nā pilikia ma kahi ʻē aʻe o kou kino ke hoʻopilikia i kou mau maka. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka maka o kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes (ʻO Diabetes Mellitus). ʻO ia ke kumu he mau haneli o nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā maka.

He aha nā maʻi maka i maʻamau pinepine ʻia?

Aia kekahi mau maʻi maka maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa:

• Nā Cataract: Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia. ʻO nā Cataract ka wā e lilo ai ka lens i loko o ka maka i ao. Hoʻemi mālie kēia i ka ʻike.
• Nā hewa refractive: ʻO kēia ka manawa hiki ʻole i ka maka ke hoʻopili pono i ka mālamalama.
• 'Astigmatism': I kēia hihia, ʻokoʻa iki ke ʻano o ke aniani a i ʻole ka cornea o ka maka, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻike.
• Myopia: ʻIke kokoke: ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā mea kokoke, akā ʻike ʻia nā mea mamao he pōwehiwehi.
• ʻIke kokoke (Hyperopia): Ma kēia ʻano, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea mamao, ʻo nā mea kokoke, e like me nā puke a i ʻole nā ​​nūpepa, ʻaʻole maopopo loa.
• Loaʻa ka presbyopia (nearsightedness) i nā poʻe he nui ma hope o 40 mau makahiki. Lilo ia i mea paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā mea kokoke.
• ʻO ka glaucoma:He kūlana kēia kahi e piʻi ai ke kaomi i loko o ka maka, e hōʻino ana i ke aʻalolo optic. He maʻi kēia e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka ʻike, no laila he mea nui e ʻike mua iā ia.
• ʻO ka macular degeneration e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD): He kūlana kēia e hōʻino ʻia ai ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka retina o ka maka, e lilo ai ka ʻike i mea palalulu a hoʻopilikia ʻia ke nānā pololei ʻia.
• ʻO ka retinopathy pili i ka maʻi diabetes: I ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes, inā ʻaʻole i kaohi ʻia nā pae kō koko, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia nā kīʻaha koko i loko o nā maka, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka ʻike.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻeha o ka maka kekahi kumu nui o ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike. ʻO ia ke kumu e aʻo ai nā loea i kēia mau ʻeha ma ke ʻano he mau maʻi, e ʻimi i nā ala maikaʻi e pale aku ai a mālama iā lākou.

ʻAʻole maʻamau loa nā maʻi ʻaʻai maka a me nā puʻupuʻu. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke ulu i kekahi manawa. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua maka maʻamau ke kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana iā lākou. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole ka hapa nui o kēia mau puʻupuʻu he maʻi ʻaʻai (benign). ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou he mea weliweli. Eia nō naʻe, pono e wehe ʻia kēlā mau puʻupuʻu i kekahi manawa e pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a puni.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā maʻi maka?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā maʻi maka. E nānā kākou i kekahi o nā mea nui:

1. Wahi a ka ʻāpana o ka maka i hoʻopilikia ʻia: ʻO ia hoʻi, inā paha e hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i ka lens, retina, a i ʻole ke aʻalolo optic.

2. Ma ke kumu kumu: Hoʻomaka kekahi mau maʻi i ka maka ponoʻī ('Nā maʻi maka mua'). Aia kekahi mau maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia i ka maka ma hope ma muli o kahi maʻi ma kahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino ('Nā maʻi maka lua'). No ka laʻana, hiki i ke koko kiʻekiʻe ('hypertension') ke hoʻopilikia i nā maka.

3. Ma nā hōʻailona a me nā hopena: ʻO ia hoʻi, he aha ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona e hoʻokumu ai kēia maʻi a me nā kaʻina hana i loko o ka maka i hoʻopilikia ʻia.

4. Ma ka lōʻihi: ʻO kekahi mau mea e like me nā maʻi maka e hoʻomaikaʻi i loko o kekahi mau lā (ʻoiʻoi). Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi e like me ka glaucoma ke mau no nā mahina, nā makahiki, a i ʻole ke ola holoʻokoʻa (ʻoiʻoi).

I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā maʻi maka, aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki ma waena o nā huaʻōlelo "ʻike" a me "ʻike."

• ʻIke: Hoʻomaka kēia ke komo ka mālamalama i ka maka ma o ka cornea a hoʻopau i ka wā e hāʻule ai ma ka retina. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka hiki o ka maka ke hana i kahi kiʻi.
• ʻIke: ʻOi aku ka laulā o kēia ma mua o kēlā. Hoʻokomo pū ia i nā ʻanuʻu āpau e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻokomo pū ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve i kēia mau hōʻailona ʻike maka a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea a mākou e ʻike ai.

ʻOiai he nui ka poʻe, ʻoiai nā loea, e hoʻohana like i kēia mau huaʻōlelo ʻelua, ʻaʻole like mau lāua. ʻO nā maʻi e pili ana i ka "ʻIke" he mea kūikawā ia no nā maka. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka "ʻIke" ke pili pū i ka lolo a me nā aʻalolo optic. ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai i kekahi mau maʻi ke lilo i ka ʻike ʻoiai inā maikaʻi nā maka.

He aha nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi maka?

Hiki i nā maʻi maka ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona he nui. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau mea ma nā ʻano he nui:

• Nā mea āu e manaʻo ai:
• ʻEha maka
• Ke kuni, ka ʻāʻī, a me ke ʻano ʻā i nā maka
• ʻEhaʻeha o ka maka
• Nā loli i ka hana o ka maka:
• Ka haehae pinepine ʻana o nā maka (epiphora)
• Ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻālohilohi
• Nā loli i ke ʻano o nā maka:
• Melemele o nā keʻokeʻo o nā maka (scleral icterus) - He hōʻailona kēia o kahi maʻi e like me ka jaundice.
• ʻUlaʻula o nā maka
• Nā pōʻai ʻeleʻele i ka maka, ʻo ia hoʻi he liʻiliʻi loa nā haumāna (miosis)
• Nā loli i ka neʻe ʻana o ka maka a i ʻole ke kūlana:
• ʻAʻole kuhikuhi nā maka i ka ʻaoʻao like, ke huli nei kekahi maka i waho a i loko paha (`exotropia` a i ʻole `esotropia`) - kapa mākou i kēia he ʻokoʻa.
• Nā loli i ke ʻano āu e ʻike ai:
• ʻIke ʻana i ʻelua mau mea i ka manawa hoʻokahi (diplopia)
• ʻIke pōwehiwehi
• E like me ka nānā ʻana ma o ka ʻōmole, ʻike wale i ke kikowaena me ka ʻike ʻole i nā mea e puni ana ('ʻike tunnel')
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike mālamalama
• Hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike i ka pō

Mea nui: Inā hoʻomau ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​e ʻike pono i ke kauka maka. Mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia.

He aha nā kumu o nā maʻi maka?

Nui nā kumu o nā maʻi maka. He mau kumu pololei kekahi, a ʻo kekahi he mau mea e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia.

• ʻO ka Genetics: ʻO kā mākou 'DNA' ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ko mākou mau maka. No laila, hiki ke ulu aʻe nā maʻi maka he nui ma muli o nā loli ('mutations') i loko o ka 'DNA'. No ka laʻana, ua hānau ʻia kekahi poʻe me ka 'makapō kala'.
• Nā loli i ka wā e ulu a ulu ai nā maka: Hiki ke hoʻomaka kēia mau loli i kou wā i loko o ka ʻōpū o kou makuahine ma ke ʻano he keiki pēpē, a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia i kou wā kamaliʻi.
• Nā kumu o ke kaiapuni: Hiki ke hana ʻia nā maʻi maka e nā mea a puni mākou. Hiki i nā mea he nui ke hoʻopilikia i kēia, e like me ka ʻike ʻana i ka mālamalama ultraviolet nui, ka lepo i ka lewa, ka makū, a me ka mahana.
• Nā maʻi lele: Hiki ke hana ʻia nā maʻi maka e nā ʻano pathogens like ʻole - nā virus, nā bacteria, nā fungi, a me nā parasites. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻopili pololei i ka maka a i ʻole e laha i ka maka mai kahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
• Nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe: Hiki i nā maʻi he nui e hoʻopilikia i ke kino holoʻokoʻa ke hana i nā pilikia me nā maka. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me ke koko kiʻekiʻe (hypertension), ka maʻi diabetes type 2, a me kekahi mau maʻi thyroid.
• Nā ʻeha maka ma mua:I kekahi manawa, hiki i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maka ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi maka ma hope aku o ke ola.
• Nā kumu idiopathic: ʻO ke ʻano o "Idiopathic" ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā loea ke loaʻa kahi kumu pololei (ʻoiai e loli paha kēia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa).

Pehea e ʻike ai i nā maʻi maka?

Hiki i kekahi kauka maka (a i ʻole optometrist) a i ʻole kekahi mea mālama ola kino ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau ʻano hana e ʻike ai i nā maʻi maka. ʻO ka mea hana koʻikoʻi a maʻamau hoʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau maʻi he hoʻokolokolo maka . Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui he hoʻāʻo wale nō kēia e ʻike ai i kou ʻike pono ʻana (ʻike maka), akā ʻaʻole ia ka hihia.

He manaʻo maikaʻi ke hoʻokolokolo maka ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, e like me kā mākou hana ʻana i kahi nānā olakino maʻamau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi maka, hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā. ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo maka, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pupil a me ka hoʻokolokolo kukui slit (he aniani hoʻonui kūikawā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke alo o kou maka), hiki ke kōkua nui i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi.

Hiki i kāu loea maka ke paipai i nā hoʻokolohua maka kūikawā ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• ʻO ka angiography Fluorescein: ʻO kēia ke komo ʻana i kahi wai kūikawā i loko o kahi aʻa koko ma ka lima a lawe i nā kiʻi o nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka maka.
• Tonometry: Ke ana kēia i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka. He mea nui kēia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka glaucoma.
• Ke kiʻi ʻana o ka retina: Lawe ʻia nā kiʻi o ka retina ma ke kua o ka maka.
• ʻO ke kiʻi ʻili o ka cornea: Ua lawe ʻia ka ʻili o ka cornea, ka ʻāpana moakaka o mua o ka maka, e like me ka palapala ʻāina.
• ʻO ka tomography coherence optical (OCT): Ua like kēia me ka scan ultrasound o ka maka. Hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā kiʻi ʻokiʻoki o nā papa o ka maka.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i pili pono i nā maka, akā hiki ke kōkua:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Hiki i kēia ke nānā i nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana pale, nā maʻi, a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo DNA a me ka genetic.
• Nā hoʻāʻo 'Kiʻi': Nā mea e like me 'Ultrasound', 'CT scans' (Computed Tomography), a me 'MRI' (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• Nā hoʻokolohua neurological: Nā hoʻokolohua e kālailai i ka hana o ka lolo, e like me ka `Electroencephalogram (EEG).`

Inā ʻōlelo kāu kauka maka a kauka paha i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e like me kēia, e haʻi lākou iā ʻoe hou aʻe e pili ana i ke ʻano o ia mau mea a pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke kōkua.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā maʻi maka?

ʻOkoʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi maka e like me nā ʻano maʻi. Kōkua kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. He kikoʻī loa kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia no kahi maʻi kikoʻī wale nō.

He mau maʻi maka maʻamau loa nā hewa refractive. He maʻalahi lākou e mālama. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike maka me nā aniani maka a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​aniani hoʻopili .

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau ʻē aʻe:

• ʻO ke ʻoki hoʻoponopono ʻike: ʻOi aku ka ʻoki ʻana e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana laser, no ka laʻana ʻo ke ʻoki LASIK.
• Nā ʻoki maka: e like me ke ʻoki cataract a me ke ʻoki glaucoma.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Hiki i kēia ke lilo i nā kulu maka, nā pila, a i ʻole nā ​​​​inikini.

No ka mea, he nui nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole a ʻokoʻa ka pane ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻo kāu loea maka ke kanaka maikaʻi loa e haʻi iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka lāʻau kūpono iā ʻoe. E haʻi pū ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia o nā lāʻau.

Hiki ke pale ʻia nā maʻi maka?

Hiki ke pale loa ʻia kekahi mau maʻi maka. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā maʻi maka e ulu ana ma nā ʻano i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke pale aku iā lākou a hōʻemi paha i ko lākou pilikia.

Aia kekahi mau mea maʻamau hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e mālama i ke olakino o kou mau maka:

• E hoʻāʻo maka maʻamau: ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e komo i nā aniani maka, pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo maka ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha makahiki. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia o ka maʻi maka (e like me ka maʻi diabetes), pono paha ʻoe e nānā pinepine i kou mau maka.
• E ʻaʻahu i ka pale maka: ʻO nā ʻeha i kou mau maka, kou maka, a me kou poʻo hiki ke hana i nā pilikia maka lōʻihi a me ka hōʻino. E ʻaʻahu i nā aniani palekana e kūpono i kāu ʻano hana a pāʻani paha. ʻAʻole hāʻawi nā aniani maʻamau i kēlā pale.
• Hōʻalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nikotine: ʻO ka puhipaka, ka vaping, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka uahi ʻole e hoʻopilikia i kāu ʻōnaehana kahe koko, ʻoiai nā kīʻaha koko e hoʻolako koko i kou mau maka.
• Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā maʻi maka: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi maka e mau ana ma mua o kekahi mau lā, e ʻike i ke kauka. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i kēia ke lilo i mau pilikia koʻikoʻi a hōʻeha mau loa a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia ʻē aʻe.
• Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā hōʻailona o ka maka: Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli mālie i kou ʻike, he hōʻailona ia e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike i kahi loea maka no ka hoʻokolokolo maka. Inā loli koke kou ʻike a me ka manaʻo ʻole - ʻoiai inā nalowale kou ʻike - he pilikia olakino ia.
• E hoʻokau i ka meaʻai kūpono i mea nui:Pono kou mau maka i nā huaora a me nā minelala kikoʻī e hana pono ai. E hoʻokomo i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā huaʻai, a me ka iʻa i kāu meaʻai.
• E hōʻea a mālama i kahi kaumaha olakino nou: He hopena nui ko kou olakino holoʻokoʻa i ke olakino o kou mau maka. Hiki i kāu loea maka a kauka ʻohana paha ke alakaʻi iā ʻoe i nā ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa no ka pono o kou mau maka.

He aha nā maʻi maka maʻamau i nā keiki?

Hiki i nā maʻi maka he nui e pili ana i nā pākeke ke pili pū i nā keiki. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻamau:

• ʻAʻole kuhikuhi nā maka i ka ʻaoʻao like (strabismus): Ua kapa ʻia kēia he squint. Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia kekahi maka i loko, i waho, i luna, a i lalo paha.
• Maka palaualelo (amblyopia): ʻO kēia ka wā ʻaʻole i ulu pono ka ʻike ma kekahi maka. Makemake nui ka lolo i kekahi maka, e lilo ai ka maka nāwaliwali i "palaualelo."
• ʻO 'Retinoblastoma': He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai laha ʻole kēia e kū mai ana ma ka retina o ka maka i ka wā kamaliʻi.
• Coloboma: He kūlana kēia kahi i nalowale ai kekahi ʻāpana o ka maka i ka wā hānau.
• Nā pilikia o ke ala waimaka: No ka laʻana, kahi ala waimaka i ālai ʻia a i ʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻi (dacryocystitis).

ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui e pili ana i nā kūlana kamaliʻi he nui, e like me ka strabismus (nā maka keʻa) a me ka amblyopia (maka palaualelo), ʻo ia ka maʻalahi a me ka pono o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā ʻōpiopio. Inā kānalua ʻoe he keiki ʻōpio kāu e mālama nei i kekahi o kēia mau kūlana maka, e kamaʻilio me ke kauka pediatric o ke keiki a i ʻole kekahi kauka ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ke kauka ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo inā loaʻa ke kūlana a, inā pono ka hoʻāʻo hou a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e aʻo iā ʻoe i ka mea e hana ai ma hope.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

ʻOiai he mea maʻamau nā maʻi maka, he mea maʻamau ke kaumaha a me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke ʻike ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi. ʻOkoʻa loa nā ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui, a hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia kekahi.

He mea nui e nānā pinepine ʻia kou mau maka. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau ʻano maʻi i ka wā mua, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka mālama ʻana.

Inā he mau hopohopo a nīnau paha kāu e pili ana i kou ʻike maka, mai kānalua e kipa aku i kahi loea maka. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ke alakaʻi, ke kākoʻo, a me ka hōʻoluʻolu āu e pono ai e hoʻokele i kekahi kūlana āu e kū nei. Aia i kou mau lima ka pale ʻana i kou mau maka.

Nā maʻi maka, ka hemahema o ka ʻike maka, nā cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, ka nānā ʻana i nā maka, ka pale maka, nā maʻi maka o nā keiki