E aʻo wale kākou e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo immunophenotyping e kōkua ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa.

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i lohe i ka huaʻōlelo `(Immunophenotyping)` ma mua. Akā he hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa kēia, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi, no ka laʻana, leukemia, lymphoma, a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia hoʻāʻo ma ke ʻano maʻalahi, i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo pono.

He aha ka Immunophenotyping? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou.

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ke ʻano o kēia huaʻōlelo `(Immunophenotyping)`. ʻOiai ke kani nei kēia me he huaʻōlelo ʻepekema lā, he maʻalahi loa ka moʻolelo.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo 'Immuno' e pili ana i kahi mea e pili ana i kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale . Ma kēia hoʻāʻo, hoʻohana kahi pathologist (he kauka loea i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi) i kahi ʻano protein ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo 'antibodies' mai kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī e ʻimi i nā protein kikoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo 'antigens' i loko o kā mākou mau cell. E noʻonoʻo i kēia mau 'antibodies' ma ke ʻano he kī, a ʻo 'antigens' ma ke ʻano he laka. E like me ka laka e kūpono i kēlā me kēia kī, e hoʻopili wale kahi 'antibody' kikoʻī i kahi 'antigen' kikoʻī. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi ʻano hui like ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo 'phenotype' e pili ana i nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma waho . No laila, i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai kēlā '(antibody)' i ka '(antigen)' pili, ʻike ka pathologist inā loaʻa i kēlā cell kēlā '(antigen)' a i ʻole ma muli o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, nānā kēia hoʻāʻo `(Immunophenotyping)` i kēia mau māka `(antigens)` ma ka ʻili o kā mākou mau cell a ʻike inā he mau cell olakino a maʻi kanesa paha kēlā mau cell. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau `(antigens)` ke haʻi i ke ʻano o ke cell kanesa.

Āhea e hana ʻia ai kēia hoʻāʻo (Immunophenotyping)?

Aia kekahi mau kūlana e hiki ai i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo i kēia hoʻokolohua.

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe ua luhi loa a palaualelo kekahi hoaaloha ou, e ʻōlelo kākou ʻo Nimal, no kekahi mau lā. I ka wā i hana ai ke kauka i kahi hoʻāʻo koko (he "Complete Blood Count", a i ʻole "CBC"), ua ʻike ʻo ia ua kiʻekiʻe loa kona helu koko keʻokeʻo. A laila manaʻo paha ke kauka he maʻi ʻaʻai koko paha kēia. ʻO ia ka manawa e paipai ai ʻo ia e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo "Immunophenotyping" e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka mea e hana nei.

ʻO ia hoʻi:

• Inā hōʻike nā hopena o ka helu koko piha (`(CBC)`) ua kiʻekiʻe loa kou helu koko keʻokeʻo.
• Inā he kānalua no kekahi ʻano maʻi koko, no ka laʻana leukemia a lymphoma paha, hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana aku i ka hōʻailona.

Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohana nei nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia ʻano hana o ka "Immunophenotyping" e aʻo ai pehea e pane ai nā hunaola kanesa i nā māka "antigen" kikoʻī, ʻoiai hoʻi ka "immunotherapy".

Pehea e hana ai kēia hoʻāʻo?

Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia hoʻāʻo `(Immunophenotyping)` i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi hāpana ʻiʻo a wai paha mai ou aku. ʻO ka ʻōlelo pololei, ʻo kāu wale nō e hana ai, ʻo ia ke hāʻawi i ka hāpana, a na nā loea i loko o ka keʻena hoʻokolohua e hana i ke koena.

Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā kauka i kahi ʻano hana lab i kapa ʻia ʻo "Flow Cytometry" e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo. Eia kekahi, i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻano hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Immunohistochemistry - IHC". E nānā kākou i kēia mau mea ʻelua.

ʻElua mau ʻano hana nui ...

ke ʻano hana (Flow Cytometry) (ke ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia)

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā hāpana koko nui a i ʻole nā ​​hunaola koko i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻiʻo. Eia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana:

• ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka hāpana: ʻO ka maʻamau, pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana o ka iwi iwi mai kahi biopsy iwi iwi, a i ʻole kahi koko liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke lawe ʻia ka hāpana mai ka wai o ka iwi kuamoʻo a i ʻole ka wai i loko o ka lua ʻōpū.
• Ka mālama ʻana i ka hāpana: Hoʻomākaukau nā limahana keʻena hoʻokolohua i ka hāpana no ka hoʻāʻo "Immunophenotyping". Hoʻohui lākou i kekahi mau mea i loko e pale aku ai i ka make ʻana o nā cell.
• Hoʻohui (Antibody): A laila, hoʻohui lākou i nā "antibodies" a lākou i hoʻolālā ai e hoʻopaʻa i ka "antigen" a lākou e makemake ai e loaʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau "antibodies" i kahi "fluorescent compound" a i ʻole "immunofluorescence marker". Ma muli o kēia māka, i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai ka "antibody" i ka "antigen", hoʻopuka nā cell i ka mālamalama.
• Ke Hana ʻana (Flow Cytometry): I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hāpana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me kēlā mau `(antibodies)` i loko o kahi mīkini i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Flow Cytometer)`. Loaʻa i kēia mīkini nā mea ʻike kūikawā (`detectors`), hiki ke ʻike i ke kukui e puka mai ana mai kēlā `(immunofluorescence marker)`. No laila, ke ana nei kēia `(Flow Cytometer)` i ka nui o nā cell i loaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia `(antigen-antibody)` (ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama).

Ke ʻano hana (Immunohistochemistry - IHC)

ʻO ka Immunohistochemistry kahi ʻano hana e hiki ai ke ʻike i ke alo o nā antigens kikoʻī i loko o kahi hāpana kiko. Ua like loa nā ʻanuʻu i komo i loko o ka lab me nā mea i loko o ka cytometry kahe. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui, ʻo ia ma IHC, hoʻohui ʻia kahi enzyme i nā antibodies ma kahi o kahi hui fluorescent. Hoʻopaʻa kēia enzyme i nā cell me kahi kala kikoʻī inā loaʻa ka antigen. Inā ʻike ka pathologist i kahi stain ma lalo o kahi microscope, ʻo ia hoʻi aia nā cell i ka antigen.

He aha nā palena o kēia hoʻāʻo (Immunophenotyping)?

ʻO ke keakea nui loa, ʻaʻole like nā " kaʻina hana maʻamau" a pau o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua e hana ana i kēia hoʻokolohua. No laila, i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa iki i nā hopena.

Akā hoʻokahi mea e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻoʻAʻole ʻike nā kauka i kahi maʻi ma muli o kēia mau hopena `(Immunophenotyping)` wale nō. Hoʻohālikelike lākou iā ia me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me kāu mau hōʻailona a me nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, e hiki ai i kahi hopena. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole kēia hoʻokolohua wale nō e haʻi iā ʻoe he maʻi kanesa kou. He ʻāpana wale nō ia o ke kiʻi nui aʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō kumu e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e aʻo hou e pili ana i kou olakino.

Pehea nā hopena? He aha kā lākou e haʻi mai ai iā mākou?

E wehewehe ana kāu kauka iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena ma muli o ka loiloi a ke kauka pathologist. ʻAʻole wale nā ​​​​​​hopena o kahi hoʻāʻo "Immunophenotyping" he "maikaʻi" a "maikaʻi ʻole". Pono kahi kauka pathologist i aʻo ʻia e hoʻomaopopo i ka "ʻikepili" i hana ʻia e ka "Flow Cytometer" e pili ana i ka hāpana a e wehewehe pololei i kāna ʻōlelo.

Mai kēia ʻikepili, kālailai ʻo ia i nā mea e like me:

• He aha ke ʻano o nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo?
• I ke kahua hea o ka hoʻomohala ʻana lākou?
• Ehia mau pūnaewele i loaʻa ka antigen āu e ʻimi nei?

Hoʻohālikelike ke kauka pathologist i ka ʻikepili mai kāu hāpana me ka ʻikepili mai nā poʻe olakino me ka ʻole o ke kanesa, a me ka ʻikepili mai nā poʻe me kahi ʻano leukemia a lymphoma kikoʻī. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻano a me nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, hoʻoholo ʻo ia i ka nui o kou loaʻa ʻana i ke kanesa i nīnau ʻia.

Āhea wau e kāhea aku ai i kaʻu kauka?

Inā he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu e pili ana i kāu mau hopena a i ʻole ko lākou manaʻo, e ʻoluʻolu e kāhea i kāu kauka . He hoʻokolohua lab paʻakikī ka Immunophenotyping e nānā ana i nā ʻano o nā cell. Akā hiki i kāu kauka ke wehewehe pehea e pili ai i kou olakino ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

Malia paha ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i kekahi ʻeha, a ua kāhāhā ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana ua kiʻekiʻe kou mau keʻokeʻo koko ma kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau (he "CBC"). A i ʻole ua maʻi paha ʻoe no kekahi manawa. Eia naʻe, ʻo kēlā mau hopena "CBC" wale nō ka hana mua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea e hana nei, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻomanawanui.

Aia i loko o kāu mau pūnaewele ka nui o ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kou olakino. ʻO ka Immunophenotyping kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i kāu mau pūnaewele a haʻi iā ʻoe e pili ana i kou olakino. I nā manawa e like me kēia, hiki i ka kali ʻana i nā hopena ke hopohopo maoli a hoʻoulu i ka hopohopo. Inā makemake ʻoe i ke kākoʻo naʻau, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea. Eia kekahi, inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i nā hopena hoʻāʻo, mai kānalua e nīnau.

ʻO nā mea nui loa e pono ai kākou e aʻo mai kēia

ʻAe, e hōʻuluʻulu kākou i nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i kēia hoʻokolohua `(Immunophenotyping)` a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā.

• He hoʻāʻo lab kūikawā kēia. Kōkua nui ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaʻai e like me ka leukemia a me ka lymphoma.
• Hana ʻia kēia ma ka ʻike ʻana i nā protein kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo "antigens" ma luna o ka ʻili o kā mākou mau cell.
• ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻelua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ka "Flow cytometry" a me ka "Immunohistochemistry - IHC".
• He paʻakikī iki nā hopena, no laila ke kālailai nei kahi pathologist iā lākou.
• E hoʻomanaʻo i kēia: ʻAʻohe mea hiki ke haʻi iā ʻoe he maʻi kanesa kou ma ka nānā wale ʻana i nā hopena o kēia hoʻāʻo. He ʻāpana wale nō ia o ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia.
• Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i nā hopena, mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka. Aia lākou ma laila e kōkua iā ʻoe.

ʻO ka Immunophenotyping, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka leukemia, ka lymphoma, nā hoʻāʻo koko, nā cell, nā antigens