E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka immunotherapy, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi kanesa?

Ke ʻike mākou he maʻi kanesa ko mākou, a laila kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, makaʻu pinepine mākou, ʻeā? ʻOi loa aku hoʻi e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Akā, ʻo ke ʻano lapaʻau a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā, i kapa ʻia ʻo immunotherapy, he ʻokoʻa iki ia mai nā ʻano kuʻuna e like me ka chemotherapy. Hoʻohana ia i kāu pūʻali koa ponoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻōnaehana pale, e hakakā i nā hunaola kanesa. No laila, e nānā kākou i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau kupaianaha a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao hiki ke loaʻa, maʻalahi, i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha ka immunotherapy?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka immunotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe o kou kino, ka ʻōnaehana pale, e ʻimi a luku i nā hunaola kanesa. E noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me ka mākaʻi i loko o ko mākou kino. ʻO kā lākou hana ka ʻimi a luku i nā mea ʻino e like me nā germs, nā virus, a me nā hunaola maʻamau ʻole e ulu ana i loko o ko mākou kino, e mālama ana iā mākou i ke olakino.

Akā, he ʻano maalea loa nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki iā lākou ke peʻe mai kēia ʻōnaehana pale me ka ʻole o ka hopu ʻia. E like me ka peʻe ʻana o ka ʻaihue mai nā mākaʻi. Ke peʻe ʻia pēlā, māhele koke lākou, laha, a hoʻoulu i kahi pilikia nui.

No laila, ʻo ka hana a ka immunotherapy, ʻo ia ke hāʻawi i kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana , e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hakakā ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma nā ʻano ʻelua:

• Hoʻoulu ia i kāu ʻōnaehana pale kino a hoʻoulu iā ia e hoʻohua i nā hunaola pale maʻi hou aʻe .
• Kōkua ia i nā pūnaewele pale kino e ʻike pololei a luku i nā pūnaewele kanesa huna.

Ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o kou kino, ua lilo ka immunotherapy i mea lapaʻau kūleʻa loa no nā ʻano maʻi kanesa he nui.

No ke aha e hoʻoulu ai ka immunotherapy i nā hopena ʻaoʻao?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki i ka immunotherapy ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao. He maʻalahi ke kumu o kēia. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, hana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale. No laila, hiki i kēia mau cell immune overactive ke hoʻomaka hewa i kekahi manawa e hoʻouka ʻaʻole wale i nā cell cancer, akā i kāu mau cell olakino .

Ua kapa ʻia kēia hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā ʻiʻo olakino he `immune-related adverse effect (irAE).` ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka mumū i loko o nā ʻiʻo olakino, a hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike iā ia ma ke ʻano o nā hopena ʻaoʻao like ʻole.

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao?

Mai hopohopo i kēia. ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Ma kahi o 20% wale nō o ka poʻe e lawe ana i ka immunotherapy e ʻike i kēia ʻano `irAE`. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao e kū mai ana he akahai loa a maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama.

Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke haʻi koke aku i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā loli āu e ʻike ai i kou kino, inā paha i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka mālama ʻana i ka immunotherapy. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui pehea ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻia.

Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao inā ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau immunotherapy he nui i ka manawa like, a i ʻole inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi autoimmune. ʻO ka maʻi autoimmune kahi kūlana e hoʻouka hewa ai kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kāu mau ʻiʻo olakino ponoʻī.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau?

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau maʻamau:

• Luhi: Manaʻo nui i ka luhi a hiki i kahi o ka hiki ʻole ke hana i kekahi mea.
• ʻŌhūhū ʻulaʻula: ʻŌhūhū ʻulaʻula, ʻāʻī ma ka ʻili.
• Ka maʻi kahe: Ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
• Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi ʻana: Manaʻo maʻi a me ka luaʻi ʻana.
• Ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka hormone thyroid: Ka hana pono ʻole o ke kelepa thyroid.

Pehea ka hopena o ka immunotherapy i nā ʻōpū like ʻole?

ʻOiai ʻo kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e pale aku i ke kino holoʻokoʻa, hiki i kēia ʻōnaehana, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka immunotherapy, ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi ʻōkana o ke kino. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau hōʻailona he mea liʻiliʻi, hiki i kekahi ke koʻikoʻi. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka e pili ana i kekahi mau hōʻailona .

I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, e wāwahi kākou i kēia mau hopena ma nā ʻōnaehana kino e hiki ai ke hana.

Ke loli nei nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma muli o ke ʻano o ka immunotherapy?

ʻAe, ʻokoʻa paha nā hopena ʻaoʻao āu e ʻike ai ma muli o ke ʻano o ka immunotherapy āu e loaʻa ai. E nānā kākou i kekahi o nā ʻano nui.

Nā mea pale i ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi (ICI)

ʻO kēia ke ʻano i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā 'hōʻailona' a nā hunaola maʻi kanesa e hoʻohana ai e peʻe mai nā hunaola pale (nā hunaola T). ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hunaola maʻi kanesa ke peʻe hou. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau o kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ka luhi, ka maʻi pākī, a me nā ʻulaʻula ʻili.

Lapaʻau Kelepona Hoʻāla (lāʻau hoʻoili kelepona T)

He hana paʻakikī iki kēia. ʻO kāu e hana ai ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ke lawe i nā T-cell (nā cell e hakakā ana i ka maʻi kanesa) mai kou kino ponoʻī, hoʻololi iā lākou i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" iā lākou e ʻike maikaʻi i nā cell kanesa, a laila e hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i loko o kou kino.

• I loko o kekahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau CAR T-cell , hiki ke loaʻa kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)'. I loko o kēia, lilo koke ka ʻōnaehana pale i mea hana nui, e hana ana i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana. Akā ua ʻike kāu mau kauka pehea e mālama ai i kēia kūlana.

Nā Antibodies Monoclonal

He mau protein kūikawā kēia i hana ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e kuhikuhi a hoʻouka i kahi nāwaliwali kikoʻī i loko o nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka maʻi flu e like me ke kuni, nā ʻeha kino, nā loli i ke koko, a me nā ʻeha ʻili.

Nā lāʻau pale lāʻau

Ua like kēia me nā lāʻau pale i loaʻa iā kākou ma mua o ko kākou maʻi ʻana. Akā hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanesa. "Aʻo" kēia mau lāʻau pale i ka ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike a luku i nā hunaola kanesa. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea e like me nā hōʻailona like me ka maʻi flu a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Modulators ʻōnaehana pale

Hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale, e koi ana iā ia e hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka luhi, ka hōʻino ʻana o ke aʻalolo (neuropathy), a me nā ʻūpā koko.

Āhea e hoʻomaka ai a e pau ai kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao?

ʻAʻohe lā a manawa kikoʻī no kēia. He manawa ka lōʻihi e hana ai ka immunotherapy. No laila, hiki ke hala i nā mahina, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, no ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

He manawa pōkole ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Akā, kākaʻikahi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā hopena lōʻihi. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hopena ʻaoʻao no kekahi manawa ma hope o kou hoʻopau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻaʻole ka immunotherapy kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hana wale ana i ka wā e noho ana i loko o kou kino. Hana ia i nā loli lōʻihi i kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

Pehea e mālama ai i nā hopena ʻaoʻao?

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke haʻi aku i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hōʻailona āu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻohe mea liʻiliʻi . I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā he mea maʻamau ia iā ʻoe, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i hōʻailona mua o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻololi i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau a hāʻawi paha iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e kāohi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia e:

• Hoʻōki ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi manawa a hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka manawa e "mālie" iki ai.
• Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā steroids a i ʻole nā ​​immunosuppressants .

Ke hōʻike nei anei ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena ʻaoʻao?

He nīnau kēia a nā poʻe he nui e nīnau ai. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi ʻo ka hiki ʻana mai o nā hopena ʻaoʻao he hōʻailona ia e hoʻopau pono ana ka lāʻau i ka maʻi kanesa.

No laila, mai hopohopo e pili ana i ka nele o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ke ala wale nō e ʻike pono ai ma o nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e kāu kauka.

No laila he aha nā pono o ka immunotherapy?

I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe, "He pono anei kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?" Akā pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā pono o ka immunotherapy.

• Hoʻonui ia i ka manawa kūpono o ke ola lōʻihi i nā ʻano maʻi kanesa he nui.
• Kōkua ia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu kanesa a pale i ka hoʻi hou ʻana mai o ke kanesa .
• Hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
• ʻOiai ma hope o kou hoʻōki ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ke hoʻomau nei kāu ʻōnaehana pale i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ke kaua ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa .
• Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna e like me ka chemotherapy, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena ʻaoʻao o ka immunotherapy.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻaʻole ka immunotherapy he lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi e kūpono i nā mea āpau. Aia ia i nā kumu he nui, me ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa āu e loaʻa ai a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa. No laila, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pono a me nā pōʻino o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻoholo i ka mea maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe.