He aha ka DNA? (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mea liʻiliʻi a mana hoʻi!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai ke kala o kou lauoho, ke kala o kou maka, kou kiʻekiʻe, a i kekahi manawa kou mau talena? He lauoho ʻeleʻele ko kekahi poʻe, he lauoho ʻeleʻele ko kekahi. He kiʻekiʻe loa kekahi, he pōkole kekahi. Aia kekahi mea liʻiliʻi loa, akā he mana loa, i loko o kēlā me kēia cell o ko kākou kino nāna kēia mau mea a pau. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēlā mea kupaianaha. ʻO ia ka DNA.

He aha maoli ka DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)?

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka inoa ʻo DNA. Ua lohe paha ʻoe iā ia ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā polokalamu TV, a i ʻole ma ke kula. ʻO ka DNA kahi pōkole no ka huaʻōlelo lōʻihi ʻo 'Deoxyribonucleic Acid' . I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo DNA ka hale waihona o ka 'ʻike genetic' i loko o ko mākou kino. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e kūkulu ana ʻoe i hale nani. No kēlā, pono ʻoe i kahi blueprint, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi hoʻolālā hale, ʻeā? Loaʻa iā ia nā kikoʻī āpau e like me kahi o nā lumi, kahi o nā puka a me nā puka makani, kahi o ka lumi kuke. Pēlā ke ʻano o ka DNA. ʻO ka hoʻolālā piha a me nā kuhikuhi no ka ulu ʻana o ko mākou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko mākou mau lālā, nā maka, nā pepeiao, ka ihu, ka puʻuwai, a me ka lolo, aia i loko o kēia DNA. ʻO ʻoe kou ʻano, a ua hāʻawi ʻia kou mau ʻano kūikawā a me nā hiki e like me ka ʻike i loko o kēia DNA. No laila, ua like ka DNA me ka 'lumi hoʻomalu nui' o ko mākou kino.

Pehea ke ʻano maoli o ka DNA?

I kēia manawa, ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o kēia DNA koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole ia he mea e ʻike ʻia e ko mākou mau maka. ʻO ka nānā ʻana iā ia me kahi microscope ikaika loa a kūikawā hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka DNA. Ke nānā ʻoe iā ia ma ia ʻano, ua like ka DNA me kahi alapiʻi wili . Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kahi alapiʻi? He ʻelua pou ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, a he mau ʻanuʻu e holo ana ma waena. He ʻano like ko ka DNA. Hana ʻia nā ʻanuʻu o kēia alapiʻi me ʻehā ʻano kemika kūikawā loa. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau kemika he nucleotides . Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau nucleotides e hana i nā ʻanuʻu o ke alapiʻi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻike ma ka DNA e ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o kēia mau ʻano nucleotides ʻehā. E like me nā leka o kahi ʻōlelo kamepiula, ua kākau ʻia kā mākou 'code genetic' ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau nucleotides.

A laila he aha nā "genes"?

Ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka DNA, ʻo kekahi mea e pono ai mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā "Genes." Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo "genes," ʻeā? Lohe mākou i nā moʻolelo e like me, "Loaʻa iā ia kēlā maʻi ma muli o kāna mau genes," a i ʻole "ʻO kāna talena kekahi mea i loaʻa mai kāna mau genes."

No laila, he aha nā genes? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo nā genes nā moʻo DNA a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua, nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka DNA i hana ʻia me nā nucleotides. E noʻonoʻo i ka DNA ma ke ʻano he puke nui, a ua like nā genes me nā mokuna i loko o kēlā puke. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia gene ka ʻike e pono ai e hana i kahi hana kikoʻī.

Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻo ke kala o kou lauoho (ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, melemele?), ke kala o kou mau maka (polū, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele?), pehea kou kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kala o kou ʻili ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻike i loko o kēia mau genes. Hiki i kahi gene hoʻokahi ke hoʻomalu i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau ʻano. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā gene he nui ke kōkua i kahi ʻano hoʻokahi. He hana paʻakikī loa kēia, akā he mea kupaianaha.

ʻAuhea kēia DNA makamae? E aʻo pū kākou e pili ana i nā chromosomes!

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka DNA a me nā genes, ʻo ka nīnau aʻe e hiki mai ana i ka noʻonoʻo, ʻo ia kahi o ko mākou kino e loaʻa ai kēia DNA waiwai nui e hoʻopilikia ai i ko mākou ola holoʻokoʻa?

ʻAʻole i hoʻopuehu wale ʻia ka DNA ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻopili pono ʻia a palekana hoʻi. Mālama ʻia ka DNA i loko o nā ʻano kūikawā loa i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Chromosomes' . Aia kēia mau chromosomes i loko o ka nucleus o kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ko kākou kino. Ua hana ʻia ko kākou kino me nā miliona o nā cell. No laila, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēlā mau cell kēia mau 'Chromosomes', ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo DNA. E noʻonoʻo i nā 'Chromosomes' e like me kahi moʻo o nā papa puke. Ua hoʻopili pono ʻia nā puke i kapa ʻia ʻo DNA ma luna o kēlā mau papa.

Ma ke ʻano he kanaka, he 23 mau pālua o nā chromosomes ko kākou. ʻO ia hoʻi he 46 mau chromosomes i ka huina. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui e pili ana i kēia, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau chromosomes. Loaʻa iā kākou he 23 mau chromosomes mai ko kākou makuahine a me 23 mai ko kākou makuakāne. ʻO ia ke kumu e hōʻike ai kākou a pau i nā ʻano mai ko kākou makuahine a me ko kākou makuakāne.

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kekahi manawa e ʻōlelo ana kekahi poʻe, 'E Māmā, e nānā i ka ihu o kēia keiki,' a i ʻole 'He mau maka kona e like me kona makuahine, koe wale nō ua ʻoki ʻia kona waha.' I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ke ʻano o kāna minoʻaka a me kāna ʻōlelo ʻana e like me kona mau mākua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia mau mea a pau, ʻo ia ka ʻike i loko o kēia DNA, i loaʻa mai nā genes (`Genes`) i loaʻa mai ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne. Penei ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna.

He aha ke koʻikoʻi maoli o ka DNA?

I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo maikaʻi o ke koʻikoʻi nui o ka DNA. ʻAʻole wale ka DNA he puʻu o nā kemika. ʻO ia ke kumu hoʻolālā kumu o ke ola.

1. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ko kākou ʻano: He ʻokoʻa kākou a pau. ʻO ko kākou helehelena, ko kākou mau hiki, a me kekahi o ko kākou mau ʻano e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i ka ʻike i loko o kēia DNA. ʻO ka ʻano i loko o kāu DNA ka mea e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe i mea kūikawā i waena o nā piliona o ka poʻe ma ka honua.

2. Ka ulu ʻana o ke kino a me ka hana: Hāʻawi ka DNA i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi no kēlā me kēia cell, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā ʻōkana i loko o ko kākou kino e ulu pono a hoʻokō pono i kā lākou mau hana. E like me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o kahi kuke i kahi meaʻai e pili ana i kahi meaʻai, hana kā mākou mau cell e like me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi i loko o ka DNA.

3. Nā ʻano hoʻoilina:E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, hoʻoili ʻia nā ʻano mai nā mākua a i nā keiki ma o ka DNA. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻokumu ai i nā ʻano like i loko o nā ʻohana a pehea e holo ai ke ola mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna.

4. Ka hāʻawina i ka holomua o ka ʻepekema lapaʻau: Ua lilo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka DNA i mea nui i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau i kēia lā.

• Ka ʻIke ʻana i nā Maʻi Hoʻoilina: ʻO kekahi mau maʻi (no ka laʻana, Thalassemia, kekahi ʻano maʻi kanesa) i hana ʻia e kekahi mau loli (nā mutations) i loko o ka DNA a i ʻole nā ​​​​genes. Ua hiki i nā hoʻokolohua DNA ke ʻike mua i kēlā mau maʻi, mālama iā lākou, a i kekahi manawa pale aku iā lākou mai ka hanana ʻana.
• Lāʻau Lapaʻau Pilikino: ʻAʻole like nā kānaka a pau. I kēia manawa, hiki ke aʻo i ke ʻano DNA o ke kanaka a hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ia kanaka, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa, a ʻo wai ka mea i emi loa nā hopena ʻaoʻao. He holomua nui kēia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
• ʻEpekema Forensic: Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana DNA e ʻike i nā lawehala ma ka nānā ʻana i nā hāpana DNA (e like me ka lauoho, ka lawai) i loaʻa ma nā wahi hana hewa. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe iā ia ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike, he mea ikaika loa ka DNA a he mea kupaianaha hoʻi e pili ana i aneane nā ʻano āpau o ko kākou ola.

No laila, he aha nā mea e pono ai kākou e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia moʻolelo? (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā mea he nui e pili ana i ka DNA i kēia lā, ʻeā? He mea paʻakikī paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanaʻo i kēia mau mea a pau i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Akā, mai hopohopo. E nānā hou kākou i nā mea nui loa.

• ʻO ka DNA ka 'hoʻolālā o ke ola' a i ʻole 'nā kuhikuhi' i loko o ko kākou kino. Ua like ia me ke kiʻi hoʻolālā o kahi hale.
• Hoʻoholo kēia DNA i nā ʻano he nui, e like me kou helehelena, ke kiʻekiʻe, ke kala o nā maka, a me ke kala o ka lauoho.
• Ua like ke ʻano o ka DNA me ke alapiʻi e wili ana .
• Kāhea mākou i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka DNA he "genes" . Hoʻomalu kēia mau genes i nā ʻano kikoʻī.
• Mālama ʻia ka DNA i loko o nā ʻano i kapa ʻia he chromosomes, i loaʻa i loko o kā mākou mau cell āpau.
• Loaʻa iā kākou ka hapalua o ko kākou mau chromosomes mai ko kākou makuahine a me ka hapalua mai ko kākou makuakāne. ʻO ia ke kumu e like ai kākou me ko kākou mau mākua ʻelua.
• He mea nui loa ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka DNA i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ko mākou ola.

No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua aʻo ʻoe i kahi mea maʻalahi a maopopo e pili ana i kēia kumuhana kupaianaha a paʻakikī loa i kapa ʻia ʻo DNA. He kumuhana ākea loa ia. Akā inā maopopo iā ʻoe ke kumu o ka manaʻo, maikaʻi kēlā. Inā makemake ʻoe e aʻo hou e pili ana i kēia, e nānā pono iā ia. No ka mea, ʻaʻole anei he mea kūpono ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana iā mākou iho?

ʻADN , Waikawa Deoxyribonucleic, Nā Genes, Nā Chromosomes, ʻIke Hoʻoilina