Glioma: Pono anei mākou e ʻike i kēia mau mea ma mua o ko mākou hopohopo e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai lolo?

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo 'brain tumor' a i ʻole 'brain cancer' e hoʻoluliluli iā ʻoe, ʻeā? He huaʻōlelo weliweli loa ia. Akā i ka wā e ʻike pono ai kākou i kēia mau mea a pau, hiki iā kākou ke hōʻemi i kēlā makaʻu i kahi nui. I kēia lā, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi ʻano maʻi kanesa i kapa ʻia ʻo glioma, hiki ke hana i loko o ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano maoli, no ke aha e ulu ai, he aha nā hōʻailona, ​​a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa.

He aha maoli ʻo Glioma?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka glioma ka inoa maʻamau no kahi hui o nā maʻi kanesa e hoʻomaka ana i loko o nā 'glial cells' i loko o ko kākou lolo a me ke kaula spinal. ʻO kēia mau cell glial kahi ʻano cell koʻikoʻi loa e kākoʻo, pale, a hānai i kā mākou mau nerve cell. No laila, hana ʻia kahi glioma i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai kēia mau cell e ulu ma waho o ke kaohi.

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona, ​​ka wānana, a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano maʻi kanesa mai kēlā kanaka a i kēia kanaka. Aia kēia i kou makahiki, ke ʻano o ke kanesa, nā māka genetic (biomarkers) i loaʻa iā ia, a me kahi o ka lolo i loaʻa ai ka puʻupuʻu. Ulu koke kekahi mau ʻano gliomas a pālahalaha i loko o nā ʻiʻo lolo maʻamau. Ke hana ʻia kēia, he mea paʻakikī loa ke wehe loa me ke ʻoki ʻana, a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia.

ʻO Glioblastomas ke ʻano maʻamau o ka puʻupuʻu lolo kanesa i nā pākeke. Loaʻa pinepine lākou i ka poʻe ʻelemakule a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i nā kāne.

He aha nā kumu pilikia e kōkua ai i ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau mea?

He pilikia kēia i loaʻa i nā poʻe he nui. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kumu pilikia nui e kōkua ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka glioma.

• ʻO ka radiation therapy ma mua: ʻO ka radiation therapy ma mua i ka lolo he mea pilikia ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano gliomas huhū.
• Nā ʻeha poʻo: Ua manaʻo ʻia hoʻi ka trauma poʻo he mea pilikia i kekahi ʻano.
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina: ʻOiai kekahi mau kūlana hoʻoilina e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia maʻi kanesa i nā keiki, he mea kakaikahi loa ia i nā pākeke.

Nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano o ka glioma

ʻO Glioma kahi ʻano maʻi kanesa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano o ke kelepona glial i hoʻomaka ai a me ka wikiwiki o kona ulu ʻana. I nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻano nui: "ulu lohi" (haʻahaʻa) a me "ulu wikiwiki" (kiʻekiʻe). E nānā kākou i kekahi o nā ʻano nui.

Ka pae maʻi kanesa a me nā māka genetic

Wahi a ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka World Health Organization (WHO), ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau maʻi kanesa ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hunaola kanesa ma lalo o kahi microscope a me ko lākou ʻano genetic. ʻO ke alo o kekahi mau loli genetic (e.g., `IDH mutation`, `1p/19q co-deletion`) e hōʻike ana ua pane maikaʻi ke kanesa i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. He mau pilikia paʻakikī kēia, no laila e wehewehe kāu kauka i kēia mau mea iā ʻoe.

Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona?

ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka glioma ma muli o kahi i loaʻa ai ka puʻupuʻu lolo. No ka laʻana, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha poʻo ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻeha poʻo maʻamau a me he mea lā e ʻoi aku ka ʻino i kēlā me kēia lā. A i ʻole e loaʻa koke paha iā ʻoe kahi hopu ʻana. ʻO kēia nā hōʻailona nui.

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau:

• ʻEha ke poʻo: Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai lolo e loaʻa kēia hōʻailona.
• Nā hopu ʻana: Hoʻomaka koke nā hopu ʻana me ke kumu ʻole.
• Poho ka hoʻomanaʻo: Ka poina ʻana i nā hanana i hala koke aku nei.
• Nāwaliwali kino: ka ʻeha o kekahi lima a i ʻole ka wāwae, ka hiki ʻole ke kaohi i nā ʻiʻo.
• Nā pilikia ʻike: ʻike maka pōwehiwehi, ʻike maka pālua.
• Nā pilikia ʻōlelo: nā huaʻōlelo slurring i ka wā e ʻōlelo ana, hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka huaʻōlelo kūpono.
• Nā loli o ke ʻano: Nā loli i ke ʻano, e like me ka huhū koke a i ʻole ka hoʻonāukiuki.

I ka ulu ʻana o ke kanesa, hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke ʻoi aku ka ʻino i ka wā e luku ai i nā hunaola o ka lolo, hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo, a hoʻoulu i ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo.

Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i kēia? (Diagnosis)

Inā kānalua ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu lolo, ʻo ka mea mua a ke kauka e hana ai, ʻo ke kauoha ʻana i kahi scan lolo.

1. Nā scan: Hoʻohana ʻia kahi scan `CT` a i ʻole kahi scan `MRI` no kēia. Hiki i ka scan `MRI` ke loaʻa nā kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maopopo.

2. Biopsy: Inā hōʻoia ka scan he puʻupuʻu, lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ia mea a hoʻāʻo ʻia e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa. Kāhea mākou i kēia he 'biopsy'. Inā hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana, hiki ke lawe ʻia kēia ʻāpana i ka manawa like. Inā hohonu ka puʻupuʻu i loko o ka lolo a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoki ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia kahi hana kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo 'stereotactic needle biopsy' e hana i kahi lua liʻiliʻi i loko o ke poʻo a hoʻokomo i kahi nila ma o ia mea e loaʻa ai kahi laʻana ʻiʻo.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?

Aia kekahi mau koho lapaʻau no ka glioma. ʻO ke koho o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ke ʻano, ke ʻano, ka wahi, nā māka genetic (biomarkers) o ke kanesa, a me ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa.

• ʻO ke ʻoki kino:ʻO ka pahuhopu nui ka wehe ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu me ka palekana e like me ka hiki. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā hana koʻikoʻi o ka lolo (ʻōlelo, neʻe ʻana) hiki ke hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona a kāohi i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.
• Lapaʻau Radiation: Hoʻohana i nā kukuna X-ikehu kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano radiation ʻē aʻe e luku ai i nā hunaola kanesa i koe.
• Kemoterapi: Ke hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau (ma o nā pila a i ʻole nā ​​inikini) e hoʻōki i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola kanesa.
• Lapaʻau i Kūkuhi ʻia: He ʻokoʻa kēia mai ka chemotherapy maʻamau. He mau lāʻau lapaʻau hou kēia e kuhikuhi ana a hoʻouka i nā protein kikoʻī a i ʻole nā ​​māka genetic e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola kanesa.
• ʻO ka Lapaʻau Kahua Uila ʻĒ Aʻe: He ʻano lapaʻau hou kēia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā electrodes ma luna o ka ʻili o ke poʻo a hoʻopili ʻia kahi kahua uila haʻahaʻa, ka mea e luku ai i nā hunaola kanesa me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā hunaola maʻamau. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Optune Gio" no kēia.
• Lapaʻau Kākoʻo: Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā hōʻailona. No ka laʻana, nā corticosteroids e hōʻemi i ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo a me nā anticonvulsants e kāohi i nā hopu ʻana.
• Nā Hoʻokolohua Lapaʻau: Noiʻi e hoʻāʻo ana i ka pono a me ka palekana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou. Hiki paha i kekahi mau maʻi ke komo i kēia mau mea.

ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kanesa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke ʻoki kino ka lāʻau lapaʻau nui no ka astrocytoma haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka glioblastoma kiʻekiʻe i ka hui pū ʻana o ke ʻoki kino, ka radiation therapy, a me ka chemotherapy.