Ua loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha a i ʻole kahi paila ma kekahi wahi o kou kino i hoʻōla ʻole ʻia i nā lā? I kekahi manawa manaʻo mākou, "ʻAuē, he paila liʻiliʻi wale nō." Akā, ʻaʻole e hoʻōla kekahi mau ʻeha a me nā maʻi me nā lāʻau antibiotic maʻamau. I kēlā mau hihia, ʻo ke kumu paha he "superbug" i ʻoi aku ka weliweli ma mua o ka bacteria maʻamau a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hopu ʻia e nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi bacteria i hoʻopilikia nui iā mākou i ka honua lapaʻau. ʻO ia ʻo MRSA.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka MRSA?
He mea paʻakikī paha ke kani ʻana o ka inoa MRSA. ʻO kona inoa piha ʻo Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . E mālama kākou i ka maʻalahi.
- ʻO Staphylococcus aureus: He ʻano bacteria maʻamau kēia e ola kino ʻole ana ma ko kākou ʻili, ma loko o ko kākou ihu, a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Kapa mākou iā ia he bacteria "Staph" no ka pōkole. ʻO ka maʻamau, inā komo kēia bacteria i loko o ko kākou kino, hiki iā ia ke komo ma o kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi a ʻoki paha a hana i kahi abscess liʻiliʻi a abscess paha. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ho'ōla maʻalahi ʻia kēia mau mea me nā antibiotics i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia.
- Kūʻē i ka Methicillin: Eia ka pilikia. ʻO ka `Methicillin` kahi antibiotic i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka ʻohana `Penicillin`. ʻO ke ʻano o "Resistant" ʻo ia hoʻi 'kūʻē.' ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomohala kēia ʻano bacteria Staph i kapa ʻia ʻo MRSA i ka hiki ke kūʻē i nā antibiotic he nui, me `Methicillin`.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo MRSA kahi ʻano bacteria Staph i loaʻa ka hiki ke "hakakā a lanakila" i nā lāʻau antibiotic maʻamau. Ua like ia me ke kaua ʻana i kahi ʻenemi a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pale kaua kūikawā e pale aku iā ʻoe iho mai kā lākou mau mea kaua. ʻO kēia ka mea e paʻakikī loa ai ka mālama ʻana i kahi maʻi MRSA, no ka mea, he kakaikahi nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hana kūʻē iā ia.
He lālā kūikawā ʻo MRSA o ka ʻohana bacteria Staph i hoʻomohala i kahi mana nui o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic.
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā maʻi MRSA:
Ua māhele ʻia nā maʻi MRSA i ʻelua ʻano nui ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana iā mākou. He mea nui loa kēia e hoʻomaopopo.
1. MRSA i Loaʻa i ka Mālama Ola (HA-MRSA): E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ua laha kēia ʻano ma nā wahi mālama ola e like me nā haukapila, nā keʻena lapaʻau, a me nā hale mālama. ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka haukapila no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hana ʻia ke ʻoki kino, a i ʻole ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi laina intravenous i loko o ko lākou kino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻana o nā antibiotics i nā haukapila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka bacteria ma laila e kūʻē iā lākou.
2.ʻO ka MRSA i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu (CA-MRSA): ʻO kēia ke ʻano e hopohopo nui ai kākou. ʻAʻole ia e laha mai kahi haukapila mai, akā, mai ko kākou kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ke laha ma nā wahi piha kanaka e like me nā kula, nā wahi haʻuki (nā hale hoʻoikaika kino, nā kahua pāʻani), nā kahua koa, nā kula noho. Hiki i ke kanaka olakino maʻamau ke loaʻa iā ia.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi MRSA?
Aia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi MRSA ma kahi o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia. I kekahi manawa ua like paha kēia me kahi maʻi maʻamau, akā hiki koke iā lākou ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi.
| Kahi o ka maʻi | Nā hōʻailona āu e ʻike ai |
|---|---|
| Nā maʻi ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu | ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau. I kekahi manawa hoʻomaka ia me he ʻulaʻula, pehu, ʻeha ka puʻupuʻu , e like me ka nahu ʻana o ka nananana . Hoʻonui mālie ia a lilo i abscess piha i ka pus. Hiki i ka ʻili a puni ke lilo i ʻulaʻula a wela ke pā. |
| Ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā (Pneumonia) | ʻŪhū nui, pilikia ka hanu ʻana, ʻeha ka umauma, ke kuni nui, a me ka luhi. |
| Ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke koko (Bacteremia) | He kūlana koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Ke komo ka bacteria i loko o ke koko, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni nui, ka anu, ka puʻuwai wikiwiki, a me ke koko haʻahaʻa. |
| Nā maʻi iwi a me nā hono (Osteomyelitis) | E ʻeha nui ka iwi a i ʻole ke ami i loaʻa i ka maʻi, ka pehu ʻana, a me ka ʻulaʻula, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. |
| Ka maʻi puʻuwai (Endocarditis) | ʻO ka maʻi bacteria o ka ʻili o loko o ka puʻuwai. Hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kuni, ka nāwaliwali, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, a me nā leo puʻuwai ʻē (murmurs). |
Pehea e laha ai ka MRSA?
He maʻi lele ka MRSA. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke laha mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka bacteria MRSA i loko o ko lākou kino (no ka laʻana, i loko o ko lākou ihu) akā ʻaʻole hōʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Kāhea mākou iā lākou he "colonized carriers." ʻOiai inā ʻaʻohe o lākou mau hōʻailona, hiki nō iā lākou ke hoʻolaha i ka bacteria i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi o nā ala nui e hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka MRSA:
- Hoʻopili pololei: Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i kahi ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻili o kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- Ke hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻili haumia: Hiki i nā bacteria MRSA ke noho ma nā ʻili e like me nā ʻūpā puka, nā papa ʻaina, a me nā pepa moe no nā pule. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi inā ʻoe e hoʻopā i kēlā ʻili a laila e hoʻopā i kou ihu a waha paha me ka lima hoʻokahi.
- Kaʻana like ʻana i nā mea pilikino: ʻO ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā mea e like me nā kāwele, nā ʻumiʻumi, nā lole, a me nā lako haʻuki me kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi hiki ke hoʻolaha maʻalahi i ka maʻi. E noʻonoʻo i kahi hui rugby e kaʻana like ana i nā kāwele, a inā loaʻa i kekahi kanaka, aia kahi manawa kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa pū kekahi i ka maʻi.
- Nā lako lapaʻau i haumia: Hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ma o nā lako i hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia (e like me ka laina venous waena, ka paipu hanu) ma nā haukapila.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā MRSA?
ʻOiai hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa iā MRSA, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kekahi poʻe.
| Pūʻulu pilikia | Kumu |
|---|---|
| Nā kānaka e mālama ʻia ana ma ka haukapila | ʻO ka poʻe i noho ma ka haukapila no ka manawa lōʻihi, ka poʻe i hana ʻia i ke ʻoki kino, a me ka poʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana e like me nā ʻōmole i loko o ko lākou kino, ʻoi aku ka pilikia. |
| Nā kānaka me ka pale kino nāwaliwali | Hiki i nā kānaka me nā maʻi olakino e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi puʻupaʻa, ka maʻi HIV, a i ʻole ke kanesa ke loaʻa maʻalahi i ka maʻi ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻōnaehana pale. |
| ʻO ka poʻe e hele ana ma nā hui | ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia ma nā wahi e like me nā hale koa, nā hale moe, a me nā hale paʻahao no ka mea e noho kokoke ana ka poʻe kekahi i kekahi a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e kaʻana like ai i nā mea pilikino. |
| ʻO ka poʻe e komo ana i nā haʻuki pili | I nā haʻuki e like me ka rugby a me ka mokomoko, kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka maʻi ma muli o ka pili ʻana o ka ʻili i ka ʻili, nā ʻōpala, a me ka kaʻana like ʻana o nā lako. |
| ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole | Aia kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi i lawe ʻia e ke koko ma muli o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana a i ʻole ka kaʻana like ʻana o nā nila inikini like. |
Pehea e ʻike ai a mālama ai nā kauka i kahi maʻi MRSA?
Inā kānalua ʻoe he maʻi MRSA kou, e lawe ke kauka i kahi hāpana mai ka wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi a hoʻouna aku i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i hāpana o ka pus mai kahi ʻeha, kahi hāpana koko, kahi hāpana mimi, a i ʻole kahi hāpana phlegm.
E hoʻoulu ka hale hana i ka bacteria i loko o kēia hāpana a nānā iā ia no ka "Culture." A laila, e ʻike lākou i nā antibiotics e hana ana ma kēlā bacteria a me nā mea ʻaʻole e hana (Antibiotic Susceptibility Test). Ma hope wale nō o kēia hoʻāʻo ʻana ua hōʻoia ʻia he MRSA ia a ua koho ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa.
Nā ʻano lapaʻau
ʻO ka mālama ʻana iā MRSA e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi.
- No nā maʻi ʻili: ʻO ka hapa pinepine, inā he ʻōpū piha i ka pus, ʻoki ʻia a wehe ʻia ka pus (Incision and Drainage). I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia wale nō ke kāohi i ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā pila antibiotic a i ʻole nā mea poni i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka.
- No nā maʻi koʻikoʻi: Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi i ke koko, nā māmā, a i ʻole nā ʻōpū kūloko ʻē aʻe, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻokomo ʻia i ka haukapila a hāʻawi ʻia i nā lāʻau antibiotic intravenous (IV) . He mau lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika loa kēia. I kekahi manawa pono e hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻano antibiotic i ka manawa like.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, mai ho'ōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka papa antibiotic i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka no kekahi kumu.Inā ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ua ʻoluʻolu iki kou manaʻo, hiki i nā bacteria ʻino loa i koe ke ulu hou a kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
He aha kā mākou e hana ai e palekana ai mai ka MRSA?
ʻOiai he maʻi weliweli ka MRSA, hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā mea he nui e pale aku ai iā mākou iho mai ia mea ma ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino pilikino maikaʻi.
- E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima: ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa. E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai no 20 kekona ma ka liʻiliʻi . E holoi pono i kou mau lima ma hope o ka puka ʻana i waho, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, a ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua. E hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima i loaʻa ka waiʻona ke loaʻa ʻole ka wai.
- E uhi mau i nā ʻeha: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ʻoki ma kou kino a uhi iā lākou me kahi kāʻei maʻemaʻe. E holoi mau i kou mau lima ma hope o ka hoʻopā ʻana i kahi ʻeha.
- Mai kaʻana like i nā mea pilikino: Mai kaʻana like i nā mea e like me nā kāwele, nā ʻumiʻumi, nā lole, a me nā kopa me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. E makaʻala loa i kēia ma ka hale hoʻoikaika kino a ma nā lumi moe.
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻili: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻili i hoʻopā pinepine ʻia, e like me nā ʻūpā puka, nā kuapo kukui, nā kelepona, a me nā lako haʻuki, me kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe.
- ʻAuʻau ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino: E ʻauʻau koke ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino ʻana ma ka hale hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka pāʻani haʻuki.
Āhea e ʻike ai i ke kauka? Āhea e hele ai i ka ETU?
ʻAʻole nā hōʻailona ʻili a pau he MRSA, akā aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e pono ai mākou e hopohopo nui.
Inā he ʻeha a he paila paha kou e ola ʻole ana, ʻoiai inā he maʻi kou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i kou ʻōnaehana pale kino, e like me ka maʻi diabetes, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. E ʻike pono i kāu kauka.
E hele koke i ka ʻOihana Hoʻopilikia (ETU) inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona penei:
- Kuni nui: Inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kuni ma mua o 103°F (40°C).
- Ua koʻikoʻi ka ʻeha: Inā ke kumu o ka ʻeha i ka ʻeha, he ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, a ke kahe nei paha ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele, a ʻeleʻele paha.
- Ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma.
- Ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ke koko: Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua nāwaliwali, poniuniu, a nāwaliwali paha.
- Huikau: Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua poniuniu.
He mau hōʻailona paha kēia ua laha ka maʻi ma ke kino a ke holomua nei i kahi kūlana weliweli loa i kapa ʻia ʻo sepsis . No laila, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo maikaʻi e hoʻopaneʻe i kahi manawa e like me kēia.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi ka MRSA i kūʻē i nā lāʻau antibiotic maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia me ka mālama kūpono .
- ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai kēia, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana i kou kino . E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka holoi mau ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa.
- E mālama mau i nā ʻoki a me nā ʻōpala ma kou kino i maʻemaʻe a uhi ʻia .
- Mai kaʻana like i nā mea pilikino e like me nā kāwele a me nā ʻūmiʻi me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe .
- Inā he ʻulaʻula, ʻeha, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ho'ōla ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka ʻōpū ma kou ʻili, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia a e ʻike koke aku i ke kauka .
- E hoʻopau i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o nā lāʻau antibiotic i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka. Mai hoʻōki i ka hapalua.
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