ʻO nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka Mucosal Melanoma

Ua lohe mākou a pau i ke kanesa ʻili, ʻeā? Akā, ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kekahi manawa hiki i kēia mau kanesa ke ulu i loko o ko mākou kino, ma nā wahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai waho? ʻO kekahi ʻano kanesa kakaʻikahi akā weliweli hoʻi, ʻo ia ka Mucosal Melanoma. Inā he ʻano koʻikoʻi kēia, mai hopohopo. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ma ke ʻano maʻalahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha kēia mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Mucosal Melanoma?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo Mucosal Melanoma kahi ʻano maʻi kanesa kakaikahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Melanoma . Hoʻomaka ia i loko o nā membrane mucous o ko mākou kino. I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka membrane mucous. He membrane lahilahi a pulu ia e uhi ana i nā ʻōpū i loko o ko mākou kino, e like me loko o ka ihu, i loko o ka waha, ka anus, a me ka vagina. E noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me ka ʻili lahilahi a pulu i loko o ko mākou waha. Ma laila e loaʻa ai kēia mau membrane mucous.

No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo mucosal melanoma ma nā wahi āpau he mau membrane mucous. Akā ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i:

• Ma nā wahi o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī: ʻoiai ka ihu, nā lehelehe, a me loko o ka waha.
• ʻO ka ʻāpana anorectal: ʻO ia hoʻi ka ʻāina a puni kou anus a me ke ala e puka mai ai kāu lepo.
• ʻĀpana Vulvovaginal: Nā ʻāpana o waho o ka vagina wahine a me nā wahi e puni ana .

ʻO ka maʻamau, pili kēia ʻano maʻi i nā kānaka ma luna o 70 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki i ke kanesa ke laha (metastasized) i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino i ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai. Hiki i nā kauka ke mālama i kēia ʻano mucosal melanoma me ke ʻoki ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, mālama ʻia e kahi hui multidisciplinary o nā kauka e hana pū ana e hoʻohana i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.

He kūlana maʻamau anei kēia?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole maoli. He mea kākaʻikahi loa ia. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ua manaʻo ka American Cancer Society e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 99,000 mau hihia hou o ka melanoma i ka makahiki 2022. Akā, ʻo kēia ʻano melanoma, i kapa ʻia ʻo mucosal melanoma, he 1% wale nō ia o nā hihia melanoma āpau. ʻO ia hoʻi ma kahi o 990 poʻe. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ʻano kākaʻikahi o kēia.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka Mucosal Melanoma?

ʻO kēia kahi e lilo ai i mea huikau iki. No ka mea, hiki ke maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā hōʻailona o ka mucosal melanoma. ʻO ia no ka mea e ulu ana kēia maʻi kanesa ma nā wahi huna i loko o ko mākou kino i hiki ʻole iā mākou ke nānā mau. E noʻonoʻo i loko o ko mākou ihu a i ʻole ka ʻili a puni ko mākou anus. ʻAʻole mākou e ʻike mau i nā loli ma kēlā mau wahi.

Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke like me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i emi iki ka koʻikoʻi. No laila, ʻaʻole manaʻo ka poʻe he nui i kēia mau loli he mau hōʻailona o kahi pilikia nui aʻe. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi nā hōʻailona ma muli o kahi e hoʻomaka ai ke kanesa.

Pili i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī

Ma waena o 31% a me 51% o nā hihia melanoma mucosal āpau e kū mai ana ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui, me kā lākou mau hōʻailona pili:

ʻO ka melanoma mucosal waha

Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o kou waha, ma kou mau lehelehe. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me:

• He puʻu ma ke alelo ʻaʻole e ho'ōla ʻia a ke nui aʻe nei.
• He ʻeha ma ka waha e ho'ōla ʻole ai.
• ʻEha ka waha.
• Ke kahe nei ke koko mai ka waha mai.
• ʻAʻole kūpono nā niho wahaheʻe. (Inā he mea hoʻohana niho wahaheʻe ʻoe)

ʻO ka melanoma mucosal sinonasal

He maʻi ʻaʻai kēia e ulu ana ma nā ala ihu a me nā sinuses. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me:

• Ke kahe mau nei ke koko mai kekahi puka ihu (ke kahe ʻana o ka ihu - `epistaxis`) .
• Ka manaʻo o kahi mea e paʻa ana i loko o ka ihu (paʻa ka ihu) .
• Ka mimi pinepine ʻana.
• ʻEha maka.

ʻO ka melanoma mucosal laryngeal/pharyngeal

ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau ʻole o ka mucosal melanoma. Hoʻopilikia ia i kou puʻu. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me:

• Ka leo palahalaha.
• Ka paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana i ka meaʻai (dysphagia) .
• ʻEha ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka maʻi (pharyngitis) .
• Puka mai kahi puʻupuʻu a puʻupuʻu paha ma waho o ka ʻāʻī.

I loko a puni ka anus

Loaʻa ka anorectal mucosal melanoma i loko o kou rectum a/a i ʻole anus. Hoʻopilikia ia ma waena o 17% a me 24% o nā maʻi āpau. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me:

• ʻEha ma ka rectum a i ʻole ka anus.
• He puʻu a puʻupuʻu paha i loko o ka rectum a i ʻole ka anus.
• Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai ka anus a i ʻole ka rectum.
• Ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
• ʻO ka maneʻo a puni ka anus (pruritus ani) .

I loko o ka vagina a me ka ʻāpana vaginal waho

ʻIke ʻia ka melanoma mucosal vulvovaginal i loko o nā paia o ka vagina a me ka vulva i nā wahine. Hoʻopilikia ia ma kahi o 18% o nā maʻi āpau. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me:

• ʻO ke kahe koko ʻana o ka wahine i ka wā o ka menstruation a i ʻole ma hope o ka menopause (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka menstruation).
• ʻEha ʻōpū.
• Hiki paha ke loaʻa kahi kahe wai ʻano ʻē, ʻoiai inā he koko .
• He puʻu a ulu paha i loko o ka vagina a i ʻole ka ʻāpana vagina ma waho.
• ʻO ka maneʻo i loko o ka vagina a i ʻole ka ʻāpana vaginal waho i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole ʻia me ka mālama ʻia ʻana.

He mea nui loa: Hiki ke hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e nā maʻi lapaʻau maʻamau ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoiai inā hoʻomau lākou, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i ke kauka . ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana he kōkua nui ia i ka mālama pono ʻana.

No ke aha e ulu ai kēia melanoma mucosal? He aha nā kumu?

ʻO ka pane pōkole, ʻaʻole ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi lapaʻau i ke kumu pololei o ka mucosal melanoma. E like me nā melanomas āpau, hoʻomaka kēia ʻano maʻi kanesa i nā pūnaewele i kapa ʻia ʻo melanocytes . ʻO nā melanocytes nā pūnaewele e hana ana i ka pigment melanin, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kala o ko mākou mau maka, ka lauoho, a me ka ʻili. Mālama kēia melanin i ko mākou ʻili a me nā maka mai ka pōʻino mai ka lā.

Akā, ʻo ka mea kupanaha, ke aʻo nei nā kānaka noiʻi i ke kumu e waiho ai kēia mau pūnaewele melanocyte, ka mea e pale aku ai i ka lā, i loko o nā membrane mucous i kakaʻikahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lā.

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi he ʻelua mau hoʻololi genetic e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau melanoma mucosal. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau hoʻololi somatic , ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou he mea i hānau ʻia ai mākou, akā, he mau loli e kū mai ana i loko o kā mākou mau cell i ko mākou ola ʻana. Loaʻa nā hoʻololi ʻana i loko o ka gene KIT a me ka gene BRAF i kahi pakeneka liʻiliʻi o nā maʻi melanoma mucosal:

• ʻO ke kini KIT: Hoʻomalu ke kini KIT i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau cell, me nā melanocytes. E like me ke kini BRAF, hana ke kini KIT i kahi protein e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kini KIT, hoʻohuli hewa ke kini KIT i nā protein ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻonui wikiwiki i nā cell ma mua o ka maʻamau. Hōʻike nā haʻawina ua loaʻa nā hoʻololi KIT ma 7% a 17% o nā hihia āpau o ka mucosal melanoma. Loaʻa pū lākou ma kahi o 30% o nā hihia o ka mucosal melanoma o ka vagina a me ka vulva.

• ʻO ka gene BRAF: Hoʻomalu ka gene BRAF i nā protein e kāohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā melanocytes. Loaʻa i kēia mau protein nā kuhikuhi mai ka gene BRAF e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka māhele ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka gene BRAF, hoʻololi ʻia kēlā mau kuhikuhi, e hoʻonui ai i nā cell me ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi a lilo i maʻi kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike wale ʻia nā hoʻololi BRAF i kahi pakeneka liʻiliʻi o nā hihia, ma waena o 3% a me 15% o nā hihia āpau o ka melanoma mucosal.

ʻO ka lā kekahi kumu o ka melanoma ʻili. Pēlā nō anei no ka mucosal melanoma?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole. Hoʻomohala ka mucosal melanoma ma nā wahi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia i ka lā, e like me loko o ka ihu, i loko o ka waha, a i ʻole i loko o ka anus. No laila, ʻaʻole ka lā ke kumu pololei.

Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i kēia maʻi?

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e ʻike ai i kēia maʻi, me:

• Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi like ʻole, e like me nā scan CT (Computed Tomography scans) a me nā scan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans) . Hiki i kēia ke nānā i nā puʻupuʻu i loko o ke kino, ko lākou nui, a inā ua pālahalaha lākou.
• Hana ʻia nā biopsies . ʻO ke ʻano kēia, lawe ʻia kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o nā cell a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo mai kahi wahi kānalua a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e nā pathologists. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻoholo pono ai inā he maʻi ʻaʻai a he aha ke ʻano.
• Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua genetic e nānā i nā mutations genetic.

He aha ke kahua o ke kanesa o ka Mucosal Melanoma?

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho maʻi kanesa e hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻoholo i ka prognosis, a i ʻole ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka melanoma mucosal mua kahi kūlana i laha ʻole ai ke kanesa ma mua o kahi i hoʻomaka ai.

Eia nō naʻe, he mea paʻakikī iki kēia. No ka mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano melanoma mucosal (e.g., waha, ihu, rectum) he ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī, a he ʻokoʻa loa nā kikoʻī. Hiki ke paʻakikī iki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo i ka mea a kāu kauka e ʻōlelo nei, a inā he mau hopohopo a nīnau paha kāu, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i kāu kauka no ka ʻike hou aku .

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai kēia?

No ka mea he maʻi paʻakikī ka mucosal melanoma, mālama pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kahi hui multidisciplinary o nā kauka mai nā ʻano kūikawā like ʻole . Hiki i kēia hui ke komo pū me nā loea oncology ʻoki kino, nā loea oncology radiation, a me nā loea oncology lapaʻau. ʻO nā koho lapaʻau e komo pū me:

• Wehe ʻoki kino i nā puʻupuʻu kanesa a me nā ʻiʻo a puni. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻoki kino e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma kahi o ka puʻupuʻu. He paʻakikī loa kekahi mau puʻupuʻu e wehe ma ke ʻoki kino.
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation therapy ma ke ʻano he adjuvant therapy ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana e luku i nā hunaola kanesa i koe.

Ke hana nei nā kānaka noiʻi lapaʻau i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau o ka immunotherapy no ke kanesa a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia no ke kanesa . ʻO nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau he mau haʻawina e loiloi ai inā palekana a pono nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mucosal melanoma, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūpono no kekahi o kēia mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau.He mea kūpono ke nīnau i kāu kauka.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai i ka wā e noho ai me kēia maʻi?

He maʻi hoʻoweliweli paha ka mucosal melanoma. Hoʻohana nā kauka i ke ʻoki kino a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e wehe i nā ulu ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa a pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻi hou mai nā mucosal melanomas (recur) . Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mucosal melanoma, pono paha ʻoe i ke ʻoki kino hou a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.

He aha ka wānana o ka maʻi?

I ka wā e pili ana i nā manawa kūpono o ka ho'ōla ʻana a i ʻole ke ola ʻana, ʻokoʻa ia mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hōʻike nā haʻawina he 25% ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ʻelima makahiki no ka mucosal melanoma. Me he mea lā he haʻahaʻa kēia, akā he awelika ia.

ʻOkoʻa kēia mau helu ola ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mucosal melanoma:

• Poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī: Ma keʻano laulā, hōʻike nā haʻawina he emi ma mua o 30% o ka poʻe e ola ana i ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana. (ʻO nā helu ola mai 14% a 48%).
• ʻO ka puʻupaʻa a me ka vulva: Ma kahi o 36% o ka poʻe me kēia maʻi e ola ana i ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana.
• ʻO ke kanesa rectal a me ka anal: Ma kahi o 20% o ka poʻe me kēia maʻi e ola ana i ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana.

Mai hopohopo i kēia mau helu helu. He mau kuhi wale nō kēia i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā ʻike o kahi hui o ka poʻe me kahi maʻi kūikawā. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo no lākou, ʻaʻole paha ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo nou. Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kēia mau helu ola, e noi i kāu kauka e wehewehe i ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo ma muli o kou maʻi.

Pehea lā wau e mālama ai i koʻu olakino?

He maʻi hoʻoweliweli ola ka mucosal melanoma e hiki ke hoʻi hou mai ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi hou, makemake paha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka mālama palliative e kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka mālama palliative ka mālama e manaʻo ana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka mea maʻi a hōʻemi i ka ʻeha, ma mua o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka maʻi.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

ʻOiai aia kekahi mau ʻano mucosal melanoma, hiki i nā ʻano āpau ke hoʻi hou mai ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. Ma muli o kou kūlana, e hoʻonohonoho kāu kauka i nā nānā maʻamau e nānā i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a nānā no ka hoʻi hou ʻana. He mea nui loa ia e hele i kēia mau hālāwai me ka ʻole o ka nalo ʻana o kahi kuʻi.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?

Eia kekahi mau nīnau hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kāu kauka:

• He aha ke ʻano o ka mucosal melanoma i loaʻa iaʻu?
• He aha ke kahua o koʻu maʻi?
• He aha nā koho lapaʻau e loaʻa iaʻu?
• Pehea e pili ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau iaʻu? (Nā mea e like me nā hopena ʻaoʻao)
• He aha ka wānana o koʻu maʻi?

Leka Lawe-Home

ʻAe, mai nā mea a mākou i kūkākūkā ai, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi manaʻo e pili ana i ka Mucosal Melanoma. E hoʻomanaʻo:

• He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai laha ʻole kēia e ulu ana i loko o nā membrane mucous i loko o ko kākou kino.
• Hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia nā hōʻailona a hiki ke like me nā maʻi maʻamau ʻē aʻe. No laila, e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona mau a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ma ka waha, ka ihu, ka rectum, a i ʻole ka vagina.
• I kekahi manawa, ua pālahalaha paha ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana.
• Pono ke kōkua o kahi hui lapaʻau kūikawā no ka mālama ʻana.
• He mea nui ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea, hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻi hou mai .

Lana ko mākou manaʻo he mea pono kēia ʻike iā ʻoe. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kēia ʻano maʻi e kōkua iā ʻoe e hana koke inā pono. E mālama mau i kou olakino!

ʻO ka Mucosal Melanoma, Kanesa, Melanoma, Kanesa Mucosal, Nā Hōʻailona Kanesa, Lāʻau Kanesa, Nā Kanesa Kakaikahi