Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia huaʻōlelo hou ma ka nūhou i kēia mau lā i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Nipah Virus'. Ua makaʻu paha kekahi. He aha maoli ʻo Nipah? Pehea kona hopena iā mākou? E hoʻopilikia anei ia iā Sri Lanka pū kekahi? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea āpau me ka kikoʻī, me ka maʻalahi loa. ʻAʻohe kumu e makaʻu ai, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka makaʻala.
He aha ka Nipah Virus? I ka pōkole...
He maʻi ʻo Nipah Virus i hiki ke laha mai nā holoholona a i nā kānaka . Ma ke ʻano lapaʻau, kapa mākou ia he "Zoonotic Virus". Hoʻolaha nui ʻia e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa hua (kapa kekahi poʻe iā lākou he "flying foxes"). Eia naʻe, hiki ke laha ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e like me ka puaʻa, kao, nā lio, nā ʻīlio, a me nā pōpoki.
E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, ua like kēia maʻi me kahi kanaka malū. He ʻokoʻa nā ala e hele ai mai kekahi wahi a i kekahi.
Pehea e laha ai kēia maʻi Nipah?
ʻEkolu ala nui e laha ai kēia. E kamaʻilio maopopo kākou e pili ana iā lākou.
1. Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana me nā wai kino o kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi:
ʻO ke ʻano kēia, inā komo ke koko, ka ʻōpala, a i ʻole ka lawai o kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka olakino, hiki i ka maʻi ke komo i loko o ke kino. Eia kekahi laʻana, inā hoʻopā kekahi mea e hana pū ana me kahi puaʻa i loaʻa i ka maʻi i ka mimi a i ʻole ka lawai o kēlā holoholona a ʻaʻole holoi pono i ko lākou mau lima, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka maʻi.
2. Inā ʻoe e ʻai i ka meaʻai i haumia ʻia e kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi:
E noʻonoʻo, inā ʻai kahi ʻōpeʻapeʻa me ka maʻi i kahi huaʻai a hāʻule i ka lepo, a inā hāʻule kekahi mea e like me kona mimi ma luna o kahi huaʻai, a ʻai ʻia ka hua me ka holoi pono ʻole ʻia, hiki ke laha ka maʻi. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e makaʻala kekahi i ka wai pama maka a me nā hua mai nā lāʻau kahi e noho ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
3. Ma o ka launa pū ʻana me kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi Nipah:
Penei ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka . ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki kēia i ka poʻe e mālama ana i ka mea maʻi. No ka mea, hiki ke laha ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma o nā mea e like me ka lawai o ka mea maʻi a me nā kulu liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻū ʻana. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā lole pale kūikawā ma nā haukapila.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, hiki ke laha ma ka lewa ma o nā kulu wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā e ʻū ai a ʻūhā paha kekahi me ka maʻi Nipah. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā kokoke mākou iā lākou i ia mau manawa, hiki i kēlā mau kulu wai ke komo i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana hanu a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi.
ʻAuhea kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ka maʻi Nipah?
Loaʻa nui ka maʻi Nipah ma nā ʻāina ʻĀsia, me nā hihia o ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Bangladesh a me India .
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka maʻi i ka makahiki 1999 i kahi maʻi ahulau nui ma Malekia a me Singapore . I kēlā manawa, ua make ma mua o 100 mau kānaka a ua pepehi ʻia nā haneli haneli o nā puaʻa. Mai ia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 20 mau maʻi ahulau ʻē aʻe.
No laila, inā ʻoe e hele ana i nā ʻāina e like me Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, a me India, pono ʻoe e makaʻala loa i kēia. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻāina, aia kekahi mau ʻano peʻa e hoʻolaha nei i kēia maʻi ma nā ʻāina e like me Cambodia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Philippines, a me Thailand, no laila aia paha kahi pilikia ma kēlā mau ʻāina. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia kahi hihia o ka maʻi Nipah ma Sri Lanka, he mea nui loa ia iā kākou āpau e makaʻala i kēia.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi Nipah?
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi Nipah, hiki ke hala ma waena o 4 a me 14 mau lā no ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona. I kekahi manawa hiki ke lōʻihi a pōkole paha kēia manawa.
ʻO nā hōʻailona mua e hiki ke ʻike ʻia :
- kuni
- ʻEha poʻo nui
- Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana
- ʻŪhū a me ka ʻāʻī ʻeha
- Ka maʻi pākī
- Ka luaʻi ʻana
- ʻEha kino a me ka luhi nui
I ka manawa pinepine, hele mua ke kuni a me ke poʻo ʻeha. A laila, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona hanu e like me ke kuʻi a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana.
ʻO nā hōʻailona weliweli loa, ʻo ia nā mea e hiki ke kū mai inā lilo ka maʻi i mea koʻikoʻi . Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi maʻi lolo (encephalitis) . He mea hoʻoweliweli kēia i ke ola.
Nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe:
- Ka huikau a me ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo
- ʻŌlelo ʻino (e like me ke kūpikipikiʻō)
- Nā hopu ʻana
- Koma
- Ka pilikia hanu nui
ʻAʻole maopopo i nā kānaka noiʻi ke kumu e loaʻa ai i kekahi poʻe kēia mau hōʻailona me ka mālie a hoʻomaikaʻi, aʻo kekahi poʻe e loaʻa iā lākou ka koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi akā ʻaʻole hōʻike iki i kekahi mau hōʻailona .
Pehea ka weliweli o ka maʻi Nipah i kānaka?
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he maʻi ʻo Nipah hiki ke make i nā kānaka. Wahi a nā US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), ma waena o 40% a me 75% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi hiki ke make . ʻOkoʻa kēia pakeneka mai kēlā ʻāina a kēia ʻāina, a pili nō hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka mākaukau o nā luna olakino e kāohi i ka maʻi ahulau.
He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi Nipah?
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, he maʻi kēia i loaʻa mai nā holoholona. ʻO nā hihia mua i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka poʻe i launa pū me nā puaʻa i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kumu mua o ka maʻi, ʻo ia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, a ʻo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ka poʻe i hoʻoili i ka maʻi i nā puaʻa.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, inā e hoʻokuʻu kahi ʻōpeʻapeʻa a puaʻa paha i loaʻa i ka maʻi i kona mau wai kino (luwa, mimi, ʻōpala, koko) e hoʻopili me kahi holoholona ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa pū ana i kēlā holoholona ka maʻi. Pēlā nō hoʻi no nā kānaka. Ke loaʻa i ke kanaka ka maʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoili iā ia i kekahi kanaka ma o ko lākou mau wai kino.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi e laha ma o ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke laha ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻai i ʻai ʻia e nā holoholona e like me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, a i ʻole ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻai i hāʻule ma luna o lākou, e like me ko lākou mimi a me ka lawai, a me ka wai o ka lā. ʻO ka poʻe e piʻi pinepine ana i nā lāʻau kahi e noho ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ua loaʻa pū i kēia maʻi.
Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi Nipah?
ʻAe, he maʻi lele ka maʻi Nipah. Hoʻolaha ia ma o nā wai o ke kino e like me ka lawai, ka ʻōpala, a me ke koko. ʻO ke ʻano kēia inā ʻoe e mālama ana i kahi mea me ka maʻi Nipah, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ke ʻū a ʻūhā paha kēlā kanaka.
He aha nā kumu pilikia?
ʻO ka pilikia nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi, ʻo ia ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā puaʻa, a me nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi ma nā wahi i laha ai ka maʻi Nipah. No laila, he mea nui loa ia e noho mamao aku mai nā holoholona maʻi i ka hiki. ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka wai lā maka a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua i haumia ʻia e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he mau mea pilikia nō hoʻi.
He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana mai ka maʻi Nipah?
Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i nā pilikia lōʻihi ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana. No ka laʻana , hiki ke hoʻomau nā hopu ʻana a hiki ke loli ke ʻano . No kahi poʻe liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona no nā mahina a i ʻole nā makahiki ma hope o ka maʻi. ʻO kēia no ka mea e noho moe ana ka maʻi i loko o ke kino. Hiki i ka poʻe i hoʻōla ʻia mai ka encephalitis ke loaʻa hou.
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi Nipah? `(Diagnosis)`
Hiki i ke kauka ke kānalua i ka maʻi Nipah ma ka nānā ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona a nīnau inā ua hele koke ʻoe i nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo `RT-PCR` (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) e hōʻoia i ke alo o ka maʻi Nipah. Hoʻohana pinepine kēia hoʻāʻo i kēia mau mea:
- Nā ʻūpā ihu a ʻāʻī paha
- ʻO ka wai Cerebrospinal (CSF)
- Nā hāpana mimi
- Nā hāpana koko
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma nā pae hope o ka maʻi a i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no nā antibodies kikoʻī i loko o kou koko. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hoʻāʻo ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) .
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi Nipah?
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau antiviral kikoʻī i loaʻa no ka maʻi Nipah. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ua kaupalena ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka kaohi ʻana i nā hōʻailona . Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me:
- Ke inu nei i ka nui o ka wai.
- E hoʻomaha maikaʻi.
- E lawe i nā lāʻau ʻeha e like me Paracetamol a i ʻole Ibuprofen e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kuni.
- Ke hoʻohana nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka nausea a me ka luaʻi.
- No nā pilikia hanu, e hoʻohana i nā inhalers a i ʻole nebulizers.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi hopu, e lawe i nā lāʻau antiseizure.
Ke aʻo nei nā kānaka noiʻi inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo `Monoclonal Antibody Treatment` e kūʻē i ka maʻi Nipah. Eia nō naʻe, aia nō ia i loko o ke kahua noiʻi.
Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi Nipah?
ʻAʻole, ʻaʻohe lāʻau pale a lāʻau lapaʻau paha i hiki ke ho'ōla loa i ka maʻi Nipah.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi Nipah?
ʻAe, aia kekahi poʻe e ho'ōla ʻia mai ka maʻi Nipah. Akā, e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ma waena o 40% a me 75% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi e make ana . He kūlana weliweli loa kēia. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke ʻano mai ka wela iki a me ke poʻo, i ka maʻi lolo a hiki i ka make.
Pehea mākou e palekana ai mai ka maʻi Nipah? (Ka pale ʻana)
ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa. Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma kahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi Nipah, a i ʻole e hele ana i kahi, he mea nui e hahai i kēia mau hana palekana:
- E holoi pono i kou mau lima: E kau i ke kopa a hamo i kou mau lima no ka liʻiliʻi he 20 kekona.
- E noho mamao aku mai nā puaʻa maʻi a me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
- E mālama i nā mahi puaʻa i maʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. E hoʻokaʻawale koke a hoʻokaʻawale i nā holoholona i manaʻo ʻia he maʻi.
- E pale i ke kau ʻana a puni nā kumulāʻau a me nā nāhelehele kahi e noho ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
- E pale i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i haumia paha, ʻoiai hoʻi ka wai lā maka, nā hua i ʻai ʻia e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, a i ʻole nā hua i haumia me nā ʻōpala.
- Inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka wai o ka lā, e hoʻomehana pono iā ia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
- E holoi pono i nā hua a pau ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, e wehe i ka ʻili, a laila e ʻai.
- E wehe i nā hua i ʻai ʻia e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā hua i hāʻule i ka lepo.
- E pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka lawai, ke koko, a me nā wai kino ʻē aʻe o kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
ʻO nā hana kaohi maʻi kekahi ala e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi Nipah. No ka laʻana, inā ʻoe e mālama ana i kahi mea i manaʻo ʻia he maʻi Nipah, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana mau i nā Lako Palekana Pilikino (PPE) .
ʻO ka `PPE` e komo pū ana me:
- Nā lole komo kūikawā e hiki ke pale aku i nā wai o ke kino (nā lole komo hoʻokaʻawale a uhi piha paha).
- Nā mikina lima lapaʻau.
- Ka palekana maka (e like me nā aniani palekana a i ʻole nā goggles)
- Nā pale maka lapaʻau a ʻokiʻoki paha. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka pale maka i hoʻohana ʻia ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ahulau.
Pono nā limahana mālama ola ma nā haukapila a me nā kikowaena olakino e hahai i nā kaʻina hana maʻamau no ka kaohi ʻana i ka maʻi. Pono lākou e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻopau i nā ʻili āpau.
Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi Nipah (e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana), ʻoiai inā ua huakaʻi ʻoe i kahi ʻāina me ka maʻi Nipah, a inā paha ua mālama ʻoe i kekahi/holoholona me ka maʻi, e ʻike koke i ke kauka. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā no kēia, he mea nui e ʻike inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
He maʻi weliweli loa ka maʻi Nipah, laha nui ʻia mai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā puaʻa.
ʻO ka mea nui ka makaʻala a me ka palekana, ma mua o ka makaʻu.
- ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i kēia, ʻo ia ke noho mamao aku mai nā holoholona maʻi , ʻoiai ma nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā maʻi ahulau.
- Eia kekahi, e pale i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu i haumia paha (ʻoiai nā huaʻai a me ka wai lā maka mai nā wahi e noho ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa).
- Ma muli o ka hiki ke laha mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka, e makaʻala loa i ka wā e hoʻokokoke aku ai i kahi kanaka me ka maʻi a e hahai i nā hana palekana e pono ai.
- Inā ua huakaʻi ʻoe i kahi wahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi Nipah a loaʻa nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
Inā ʻike kākou a pau i kēia mau mea a lawe i nā hana palekana e pono ai, hiki iā kākou ke pale iā kākou iho mai kēia ʻano maʻi. Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.
ʻO ka maʻi Nipah, nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā puaʻa, nā maʻi holoholona, nā maʻi lele, nā maʻi ahulau, nā hōʻailona, ka pale ʻana
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