ʻOligodendroglioma: E aʻo kākou e pili ana i kēia ʻano puʻupuʻu lolo ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi

Loaʻa pinepine iā ʻoe ke poʻo ʻeha me ke kumu ʻole? A i ʻole ua loaʻa koke iā ʻoe kahi hopu ʻana no ka manawa mua i kou ola? I kekahi manawa ʻo ke kumu koʻikoʻi loa ma hope o kēia mau mea he puʻupuʻu lolo. ʻO ka lohe ʻana i kēia mau ʻōlelo e hoʻoweliweli nui iā mākou, ʻeā? Akā i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi ʻano puʻupuʻu lolo i kakaʻikahi iki, akā pane maikaʻi loa i ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ia ka oligodendroglioma.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka oligodendroglioma?

He puʻupuʻu ka Oligodendroglioma e ulu ana i loko o ka lolo. He mea kākaʻikahi loa, hiki nō hoʻi ke ulu i loko o ke kaula kuamoʻo. Hoʻomohala kēia mau puʻupuʻu mai kahi ʻano kūikawā o ke kelepona i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana nerve i kapa ʻia he mau pūnaewele glial. I ka pololei, mai nā kelepona i kapa ʻia ʻo 'oligodendrocytes' i waena o kēlā mau kelepona glial.

I kēia manawa, ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o kēia mau pūnaewele glial, ʻo oligodendrocytes. E noʻonoʻo he hui nui ko kākou ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻO ka hana nui i loko o ia mea e hana ʻia e nā limahana i kapa ʻia ʻo neurons. ʻO lākou ka poʻe e lawe i nā leka mai ka lolo i ke kino a mai ke kino i ka lolo. No laila, aia kahi hui o nā mea kōkua e kōkua i kēia mau neurons, pale iā lākou, a hāʻawi iā lākou i ka meaʻai e pono ai lākou. ʻO ia nā pūnaewele glial .

No laila he aha kēia mau oligodendrocytes?

He ʻano ʻē iki kēia inoa, ʻeā? Ua hana ʻia ia me kekahi mau huaʻōlelo Helene.

• ʻOligo (Oligo-): liʻiliʻi
• Dendro (-dendro-): e like me ka lāʻau
• Nā Cytes (-cytes): nā pūnaewele

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi "nā pūnaewele liʻiliʻi me nā lālā e like me ka lāʻau." He mea nui loa ka hana a kēia mau pūnaewele. He lima lōʻihi ko kā mākou mau neurons i kapa ʻia he axon. ʻO kēia kahi e hele ai nā hōʻailona uila. E like me ke kaula uila . No laila, aia kahi ʻūpā pale a puni kēia axon. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻūpā myelin. Hōʻoia kēia e holo wikiwiki nā hōʻailona me ka ʻole o ka leakage. Hana ʻia kēlā ʻūpā myelin me kēia mau pūnaewele i kapa ʻia he oligodendrocytes . Hiki i hoʻokahi cell oligodendrocyte ke hana i kahi ʻūpā myelin a puni ka axon o kahi 30-40 mau neurons ma luna a ma lalo. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻōlelo ʻia ai he mau lālā e like me ka lāʻau.

No laila, ʻo ka oligodendroglioma kahi puʻupuʻu e ulu ana mai ka mahele kaohi ʻole ʻia o nā pūnaewele oligodendrocyte, e hana ana i kēlā hana waiwai nui.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau nati?

ʻAe. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka World Health Organization (WHO) i kēia mau puʻupuʻu i nā pae (nā māka) ma muli o ko lākou koʻikoʻi. No laila, aia ʻelua ʻano nui o ka oligodendroglioma. E nānā kākou i kēia ma ke ala maʻalahi e hoʻomaopopo ai.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka oligodendroglioma?

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o nā puʻupuʻu lolo ke ulu nui ka puʻupuʻu e hoʻomaka e kaomi ma luna o nā ʻiʻo lolo a puni. ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻelua maʻamau o ka oligodendroglioma he poʻo ʻeha a me nā hopu ʻana . ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kahi o 80% o ka poʻe me kēia maʻi e ʻike i nā hopu ʻana.

ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻo kēia ʻano puʻupuʻu e ulu pinepine ana ma ka cerebral cortex, ka ʻāpana waho loa a ʻāwiliwili hoʻi o ko kākou lolo. Aia i loko o kēia wahi nā kikowaena e kuleana no kā kākou mau hana o kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka ʻike, ka ʻōlelo, a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo. Ke hoʻoulu kahi puʻupuʻu i kēia mau wahi, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopu ʻana.

Ma waho aʻe o nā hopu ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa nā "hōʻailona focal", e hōʻike ana i kahi pilikia ma kahi kikoʻī o ka lolo. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• Ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka lolo ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino a i ʻole kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka maka .
• Ka nalowale o ka lohe.
• Ka paʻakikī i ka ʻōlelo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea a haʻi e ʻōlelo nei (aphasia).
• ʻIke nāwaliwali, ʻike pālua, ʻike pōwehiwehi.
• Nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo.
• Ka paʻakikī i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana.

He aha ke kumu o kēia kūlana?

He mea nui loa kēia. I mea e ʻike ʻia ai he oligodendroglioma, pono e loaʻa ʻelua mau loli genetic.

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe aia kahi puke kuhikuhi nui e hāʻawi ana i nā kuhikuhi i nā ʻāpana o ko kākou kino. Kāhea mākou iā ia he DNA. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia ai kēia DNA i kapa ʻia he chromosomes. Ke māhele ʻia nā ʻāpana, kope ʻia kēia puke kuhikuhi. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hana hewa i kēlā kope ʻana. ʻĀ, ʻelua mau hewa like ke kumu o kēia.

1. Ka holoi like ʻana o 1p/19q: Ua holoi ʻia ʻelua mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o kā mākou chromosomes helu 1 a me ka helu 19. ʻO kēia ka māka genetic nui i loko o kēia mau puʻupuʻu.

2. Ka hoʻololi ʻana o IDH1 a i ʻole IDH2: Loaʻa kahi loli i loko o kahi gene e hana ai i kahi enzyme e kōkua ai i ka metabolism i loko o ko mākou kino.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea pilikia ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia no kēia maʻi.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ai i kēia ke hana?

ʻO nā pilikia o kahi puʻupuʻu lolo e pili ana i kona wahi a me kona nui. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui e makaʻala ai:

• Ka hoʻololi ʻino: I kekahi manawa, hiki i kahi puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa (Papa 2) ke loli i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a lilo i maʻi kanesa kiʻekiʻe (Papa 3).
• Nā kūlana e like me ka hahau ʻana: I ka ulu ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu, piʻi aʻe ke kaomi i loko o ka lolo, e hoʻoulu ai i nā kīʻaha koko e pehu, e alakaʻi ana i nā kūlana e like me ka hahau ʻana.
• Nā loli i nā iwi o ke poʻo: Hiki i kēia mau puʻupuʻu ke lilo i paʻakikī ma muli o nā waihona calcium. Hiki i kahi puʻupuʻu ulu lohi ke hoʻopilikia i nā iwi o ke poʻo.

Pehea e ʻike ai i kēia maʻi?

Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i kāu kauka ke loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ​​e hahai ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana.

1. Ka hoʻokolokolo kino a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve: E nānā ke kauka i kou kaulike, ka ikaika o nā ʻiʻo, ka ʻike, a me nā reflexes.

2. Kiʻi ʻike maka: Hana ʻia nā scan e nānā i loko o ke poʻo.

• CT scan (Computed Tomography): ʻO kēia ka mea mua e hana ʻia ke loaʻa kahi mea e like me ka hopu ʻana. Hiki ke ʻike maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau puʻupuʻu ma kahi CT scan no ka mea aia ka calcium i loko.
• MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i kahi nānā kikoʻī i ka ʻiʻo o ka lolo, ka nui, a me kahi o ka puʻupuʻu.

3.ʻO ka Biopsy o ka lolo: ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ka maʻi 100% . ʻAʻole hiki i nā scans wale nō ke ʻike maopopo he oligodendroglioma ia. I loko o kahi biopsy, wehe ke kauka neurosurgeon i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ka puʻupuʻu a hoʻouna iā ia i ka hale hana. Ma laila, nānā ʻia nā cell ma lalo o kahi microscope. Nānā pū lākou i ke alo o nā loli genetic a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua, ʻo ka 1p/19q co-deletion a me ka IDH mutation . Inā loaʻa nā mea ʻelua, he oligodendroglioma maoli nō ia.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau? Hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia?

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā puʻupuʻu lolo, ʻo ka oligodendroglioma kekahi o nā puʻupuʻu hiki ke mālama ʻia a hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻoki kino

ʻO ka pahuhopu mua a koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu e like me ka hiki ma o ke ʻoki ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki ke wehe loa ʻia ka puʻupuʻu. Aia kēia i nā kumu he nui, me ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu, kona wahi, a me ka ʻike o kāu kauka.

Kemoterapia

Hāʻawi ʻia ka chemotherapy e pepehi i nā pūnaewele i koe ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no ka oligodendroglioma.

• ʻO ke ʻano lapaʻau PCV: He hui pū ʻana kēia o ʻekolu mau lāʻau lapaʻau: procarbazine, lomustine, a me vincristine.
• Temozolomide: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kekahi manawa ma kahi o PCV no ka mea he kakaikahi nā hopena ʻaoʻao a ua like loa ka pono me PCV.

Hoʻōla Pāhawewe

Hoʻopili kēia i ke kālele ʻana i nā kukuna ikehu kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā kukuna X) i kahi o ka puʻupuʻu, e luku ana i nā hunaola kanesa i koe aʻe me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻiʻo olakino a puni.

E hoʻoholo pū kāu kauka a me ka hui lapaʻau i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau kūpono iā ʻoe, pehea ka lōʻihi o kona mau ʻana, a inā pono ʻoe i ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation treatment ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.

Pehea lā ke ʻano o ke ola me kēia maʻi? (Outlook)

He mea maopopo i kekahi ke makaʻu a me ka haʻalulu ke lohe lākou e pili ana i kahi puʻupuʻu lolo. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻo ka oligodendroglioma kahi kūlana e nalowale ai ka manaʻolana.

ʻO ka helu ola ʻelima makahiki - ka pakeneka o ka poʻe e ola ana i 5 mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana - ma waena o 69% a me 90% no nā puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa. ʻOiai no nā puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe, aia ma waena o 45% a me 76%. He mau helu wale nō kēia, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kou kūlana.

Eia kekahi, ke hana ʻia nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou e kuhikuhi ana i kēia mau ʻōpū me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka IDH, no laila hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka manaʻolana maikaʻi no ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana a me nā nīnau e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi, he mea nui e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i hāʻawi ʻia e kāu hui lapaʻau. He mea nui e hele i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono a lawe pololei i kāu lāʻau. Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Mai makaʻu e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana iā lākou a e aʻo e pili ana i nā mea hiki ke hana ʻia no lākou.

Mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau:

• He aha ke kahua (papa) o koʻu puʻupuʻu?
• Aia ma hea kēia i loko o ka lolo? He aha nā hiki e hoʻopilikia ai?
• He aha nā koho lapaʻau e loaʻa iaʻu?
• Hiki ke wehe loa ʻia kēia puʻupuʻu me ke ʻoki ʻana?
• He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
• Pono iaʻu ka chemotherapy, radiation therapy, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻelua?
• Pehea ke ʻano o ka papa hana lapaʻau?
• He aha nā hōʻailona e pono ai iaʻu e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka mālama ʻana? (e laʻa, ʻeha poʻo nui, nā hopu hou ʻana).