E aʻo pono kākou e pili ana i ka glaucoma kihi hāmama!

Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe e hiki i ko kākou mau maka ke ulu malū i nā maʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo aʻo? Aia kekahi mau maʻi maka a kākou i ʻike ʻole ai e hiki mai ana, a i ka manawa a kākou e ʻike ai, ua hana mua ʻia ka pōʻino. ʻO kekahi maʻi maka e hele malū mai ana a hōʻino i ko kākou ʻike a he mea maʻamau i waena o nā poʻe he nui ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he glaucoma ākea . E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā, no ka mea, he mea nui loa ka ʻike ʻana i kēia.

He aha ka Glaucoma ʻĀkau Hāmama?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo Open-Angle Glaucoma ke ʻano glaucoma maʻamau. Hana ʻia ia e ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ke aʻalolo optic i loko o kou maka. E noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai liʻiliʻi i loko o kou maka. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻokahe ʻia ai ke wai i hana ʻia i loko o ka maka (kapa mākou iā ia he aqueous humor). I ka Open-Angle Glaucoma, hoʻomaka mālie kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai, lohi loa, e ālai ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike iki.

Ke hiki ʻole i kēia wai ke kahe pono, hoʻomaka ia e hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka maka. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi i loko o ka maka (intraocular pressure - IOP). Ua kapa ʻia kēia he ocular hypertension . ʻO kēia kaomi i hoʻonui ʻia ke kumu o ka hōʻino ʻana i ke aʻalolo optic i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.

ʻO ka Open-Angle Glaucoma kahi maʻi e ulu mālie loa ana, me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona i ka wā mua. Hoʻonui mālie ia, a nalowale mālie kou ʻike. I ka manawa āu e ʻike ai, ua hōʻino nui ʻia paha kou ʻike. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēia pōʻino. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea weliweli loa ia. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi mai ka ʻino ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i kēia maʻi ke alakaʻi i ka makapō.

Pehea kēia e pili ai i kou ʻike?

Hoʻomaka ka Open-Angle Glaucoma me ka nalowale o ka ʻike ma ka ʻāpana a puni kou kahua ʻike , i kapa ʻia ʻo kou ʻike peripheral . Me he mea lā e pōʻeleʻele mālie ana ka ʻike ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a e emi ana ma waena. Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ka ʻike ma nā maka ʻelua, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kekahi maka ma mua o kekahi. ʻO ia ke kumu e paʻakikī ai ke ʻike i ka maʻi i kekahi manawa. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka maka e ʻike maikaʻi iki ana e hoʻoponopono i ka nalowale o ka ʻike ma ka maka ʻē aʻe.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka Open-Angle Glaucoma?

ʻAʻole ʻike ka nui o ka poʻe i kekahi mau hōʻailona a hiki i ka wā e hōʻino nui ʻia ai ko lākou ʻike. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona mai nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me:

• Ke iho ʻoe i lalo i kahi papa alapiʻi, e hala ana ʻoe i hoʻokahi kapuaʻi.
• I ka heluhelu ʻana i kahi puke a nūpepa paha, nalowale kekahi mau leka i loko o nā huaʻōlelo.
• I ka wā e hoʻokele ana i kahi kaʻa, lilo ia i mea paʻakikī ke heluhelu i nā papa inoa a me nā hōʻailona ma ke alanui.
• I ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa, no ka laʻana i ke ahiahi, ʻaʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia nā mea, a lilo ia i mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā kala.

Ke nānā aku kāu kauka maka i kou mau maka, ʻike paha lākou i nā hemahema o ke kahua ʻike e like me kēia:

• ʻAʻohe ʻanuʻu ihu : Ka pouli ʻana o kou ʻike i ka ihu.
• Kahi makapō ʻākuʻi (`(Arcuate scotoma)`): He wahi ʻeleʻele piʻo ma luna a i ʻole lalo o ke kahua ʻike.
• Kahi makapō paracentral (`(Paracentral scotoma)`): He wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, poepoe e kokoke iki ana i ke kikowaena o ka ʻike.
• ʻO ke kīnā wedge kino : He wahi ʻeleʻele huinakolu e like me ka mea ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pepeiao.

I ka holomua ʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻomohala mālie ʻoe i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo tunnel vision , kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe me he mea lā e nānā ana ʻoe ma o kahi ʻōmole.

Pehea ke koʻikoʻi o ka Open-Angle Glaucoma?

He maʻi holomua mālie akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ka Open-Angle Glaucoma. He maʻi koʻikoʻi ia no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino i kou ʻike ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana. Akā, mai hopohopo, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻōki a hoʻolohi paha i ka holomua o kēia maʻi. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka ʻike a me ka makapō.

ʻAʻohe ʻeha o kēia maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i kahi pilikia i kapa ʻia ʻo retinal venous occlusion . I kēlā hihia, ʻeha paha nā maka a nalowale paha ka ʻike. He mea paʻakikī iki hoʻi ka mālama ʻana.

No ke aha e hana ai kēia (Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Ua haʻi ʻia mai iā mākou he ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai kūlohelohe ko ko mākou mau maka e hoʻokahe i nā wai i hana ʻia e ka maka. Hiki mai ka Glaucoma ke loaʻa kahi pilikia me kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai, e hōʻiliʻili ai ka wai i loko o ka maka. Hoʻonui kēia i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka a hōʻino i ke aʻalolo optic.

I kekahi manawa, maopopo ka pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole. I ka glaucoma kihi hāmama, ʻike ʻia ke kihi hoʻokahe wai i loko o ka maka e wehe a hana maikaʻi ana. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi kū'ē i loko. Manaʻo nā loea aia ka pilikia ma ka trabecular meshwork . He ʻiʻo e like me ka huʻa kēia e kahe ai nā wai. Hoʻopili ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia ʻiʻo.

ʻO ka OAG mua a me ka OAG lua

Ua like kēia pilikia me ka mea e hana ʻia ana i ka trabecular meshwork i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana. I ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana, emi iho kona mau cell, loli kona ʻano, a pau kāna hana pono ʻana. Me he mea lā ua wikiwiki kekahi i ke kaʻina hana ʻelemakule o kēia mau ʻiʻo. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻohe kumu maopopo e loaʻa. I ia mau hihia, kapa nā kauka iā ia he glaucoma open-angle mua (primary OAG).

Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki ke ālai ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai ma muli o kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, hiki ke ālai ʻia e ka pehu ʻana, nā waihona protein, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala cell. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he glaucoma open-angle secondary (`(Secondary OAG)`).

He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu kikoʻī o ka OAG mua. ʻOiai he pinepine ka piʻi ʻana o ka maka, ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa mau. I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā maʻamau ke kaomi i loko o ka maka, aia paha nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ke aʻalolo optic. Hiki i nā mea aʻe ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka OAG mua:

• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka makahiki: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki.
• Moʻolelo ʻohana: Inā ua loaʻa kekahi o kou ʻohana i ka glaucoma, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana iā ʻoe.
• Kumu hoʻoilina ʻApelika: ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia maʻi i nā poʻe o ka hanauna ʻApelika.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike i ka glaucoma inā ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona a ʻike paha i kekahi loli i kou ʻike. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ka ʻike pinepine ʻana i ke kauka maka no nā hoʻokolohua maka . Inā loaʻa i kāu kauka kāu mau moʻolelo i hala a me ka mōʻaukala olakino maka, hiki iā lākou ke nānā i nā loli liʻiliʻi a me nā mea pilikia e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka glaucoma. A laila hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe a ʻike i ka maʻi i ka wā mua.

Hoʻoholo nā loea i ka Open-Angle Glaucoma ma ka nānā ʻana i nā kumu aʻe:

• Nā loli ma ke kahua o ka ʻike
• Ka hōʻino ʻana i ke aʻalolo optic a/a i ʻole ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka maka (`(IOP)`)
• He kihi hoʻokahe wai hāmama (`(kihi hoʻokahe wai hāmama)`)

Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe e nānā ai i ka glaucoma:

• Hoʻāʻo kahua ʻike : He hoʻāʻo e ana i ka laulā o kou ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mamao o kou ʻike ʻana a puni.
• ʻO ka tomography coherence optical (OCT): Hiki i kēia ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi ʻokiʻoki maopopo loa o ke aʻalolo optic a me nā papa ʻē aʻe i loko o ka maka. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea e like me ka mānoanoa o ke aʻalolo a me ka hōʻino ʻia.
• Gonioscopy : He kaʻina hana e nānā pono ai i ke kihi hoʻokahe wai o ka maka. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e hoʻoholo ai inā ua hāmama ke kihi, ua haiki, a ua ālai ʻia paha.
• Tonometry (`(Tonometry)`): Ke ana ʻana o ke kaomi intraocular (`(IOP)`). Nui nā mea hana like ʻole no kēia.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kaʻina hana like ʻole e loaʻa ai no ka mālama ʻana i ka glaucoma kihi hāmama. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe e hilinaʻi ia i kou kūlana a pehea e pane ai kou maka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kālele ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka (IOP). ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe kou IOP, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana ke hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka glaucoma. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o kou ʻike e like me ka hiki.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no OAG

Hoʻōla pinepine ʻia ka Open-Angle Glaucoma me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia mau mea he mau kulu maka. Hoʻonui kēia i ka nui o ka wai e kahe ana mai ka maka a i ʻole e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka wai i hana ʻia. Penei ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaomi. Mai hopohopo, ʻokoʻa ka wai i loko o kou maka (aqueous humor) mai nā waimaka e lubricate i kou mau maka. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pae o kēia wai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaloʻo i kou mau maka.

Eia kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no OAG:

• Nā Prostaglandins : Nā laʻana: travoprost, bimatoprost, latanoprost. He mau hormones synthetic kēia e kōkua i ka wai i loko o ka maka e hoʻokahe ma o kahi ala ʻokoʻa (uveoscleral outflow).
• Nā mea pale Beta : ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū ana me betaxolol a me timolol. He mau lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kūlana e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai. Hoʻemi lākou i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka maka.
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa Rho-kinase : No ka laʻana, netarsudil. Hana kēia ma ke ālai ʻana i ka hana o kekahi mau enzymes, kahi e hoʻomaha ai i ka trabecular meshwork i loko o ka maka, e ʻae ana i ka wai e kahe maikaʻi.
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa i ka carbonic anhydrase (e.g., brinzolamide, dorzolamide). Hana kēia mau mea ma ke ālai ʻana i ka hana o kahi enzyme e hana ana i ka wai i loko o ka maka, e hōʻemi ana i ka hana ʻana o ka wai.
• Nā agonists Alpha-adrenergic : No ka laʻana, brimonidine, apraclonidine. Hoʻoulu kēia mau lāʻau i kekahi mau mea loaʻa aʻalolo i loko o ka maka, e hōʻemi ana i ka hana ʻana o ka wai a hoʻonui i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai.

Nā ʻoki kino a me nā kaʻina hana no OAG

Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i kāu kauka maka ke ʻōlelo aku i ke ʻoki kino no OAG. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ke ʻoki kino minimally invasive (`(minimally invasive surgery)`) ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau mua e pale aku ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Nui nā ʻano ʻoki kino glaucoma. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaʻina hana no ka glaucoma open-angle e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka `(trabecular meshwork)`.

ʻO kekahi o nā kaʻina hana maʻamau no OAG:

• ʻO ka trabeculoplasty laser : Hoʻohana kēia i kahi kukuna laser e mālama i nā wahi i koho ʻia o kāu meshwork trabecular. Hoʻololi kēia i nā loli kemika i loko o nā ʻiʻo, e ʻae ana i ka wai e kahe maikaʻi mai ka maka.
• Goniotomy : He hana ʻoki glaucoma minimally invasive kēia i hana ʻia i loko o kahi lumi hana. Pili ia i ka wehe ʻana i ka meshwork trabecular kīnā/paʻa a me ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai o ka maka.
• ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ka shunt tube(`(ʻoki ʻana i ka shunt Tube)`): Ma kēia, ua kau ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka paipu (`(shunt)`) i loko o ka maka. Ke kāpae nei kēia i ka `(trabecular meshwork)` a hiki i ke kahe ʻana o ke wai mai loko mai o ka maka ma o kēia paipu. Hoʻohana nā kauka lapaʻau i nā ʻano hana minimally invasive i nā manawa hiki.

He aha ka manaʻo no (Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i nā poʻe he nui ke hoʻōki i ka holomua o ka glaucoma kihi hāmama, a i ʻole e hoʻolohi iki iā ia. Akā ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻo ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maka i hana ʻia ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui ka ʻike mua ʻana. No ka mea, ʻaʻole maopopo nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻaʻole ʻike kekahi poʻe e nalowale mālie ana ko lākou ʻike a hiki i ka wā lohi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole makapō ka nui o ka poʻe, ʻo ka glaucoma ke kumu nui ʻelua o ka makapō ma ka honua. A ʻo ka hapa nui o ka glaucoma he glaucoma kihi hāmama.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu, ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka glaucoma i nā kānaka o ke kumu hoʻoilina ʻApelika ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻEhā manawa ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i nā ʻApelika ʻAmelika, nā Afro-Caribbeans, a me nā Komohana o ʻApelika. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka maʻi i nā makahiki he ʻumi ma mua, a ʻeono manawa ka nui o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana me ka nalowale nui o ka ʻike. Ma hope o nā cataracts, ʻo ka glaucoma (pinepine ʻo OAG) ke kumu nui o ka makapō i waena o ka poʻe ʻeleʻele.

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka Open-Angle Glaucoma?

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe kumu maopopo no ka glaucoma kihi hāmama pinepine, ʻaʻohe ala e pale aku ai. Eia nō naʻe , inā ʻike mua ʻoe a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i kekahi o nā pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka maʻi. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hana ai i kēia, ʻo ia ke ʻike pinepine i ke kauka maka no nā hoʻokolohua maka maʻamau. Inā he kiʻekiʻe kou pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka OAG, hiki i kāu kauka ke paipai i nā hoʻokolohua pinepine a i kekahi manawa nā lāʻau pale.

Pehea e mālama ai iaʻu iho i koʻu noho ʻana me ka (Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka glaucoma kihi hāmama, he mea nui e lawe iā lākou e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana a mai haʻalele i kahi lā. ʻAʻole like me ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻaʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau he hopena lōʻihi, hoʻokahi manawa no OAG. Pono ʻoe e lawe i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā, malia paha no ke koena o kou ola. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea paʻakikī paha ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou. Inā ʻaʻole holo pono kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau o kēia manawa, e kamaʻilio hou me kāu kauka e kūkākūkā i kāu mau koho.

ʻO ka Open-Angle Glaucoma ke ʻano maʻamau o ka glaucoma. Hoʻomohala mālie ia, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike, a pinepine me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i ka ʻike ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana. Hiki i ka lohe ʻana i kēia ke lilo i mea hoʻohoka a huikau iki. Akā i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona, ​​​​hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻokele maikaʻi ka poʻe he nui iā OAG me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a/a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino minimally invasive.

ʻO nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo ma kēia ʻatikala

• He maʻi leo ʻole ka Open-Angle Glaucoma, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole paha e hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona i ka wā mua.
• Hiki i kēia ke hōʻino mālie i kou ʻike ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana.
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēia ʻino, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā mua.
• Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua maka maʻamau ke ʻike mua i kēia maʻi a pale i kou ʻike maka.
• Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau! Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino ke kaohi i ka maʻi a hoʻōki i ka hōʻino hou aʻe.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka glaucoma, e hahai pololei i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka. E hoʻohana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana.

Na ʻoe e mālama i kou mau maka. No laila e mālama i kēia.

ʻO Glaucoma, Glaucoma ʻĀkau Hāmama, Kaomi Maka, Poho ʻIke, Nā Maʻi Maka, Nā Hoʻokolohua Maka, Lapaʻau Glaucoma