He aha kou ʻano koko? E ʻike pono kākou i kēia mau ʻano koko.

I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kahi kumuhana koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO ia hoʻi nā ʻano koko. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā mea e like me 'A maikaʻi' a me 'O maikaʻi ʻole'. Akā he aha maoli kēia mau ʻano koko? No ke aha lākou i koʻikoʻi ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko iā kākou? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea a pau ma ke ʻano maʻalahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha maoli ka mea i loko o ko kākou koko?

E noʻonoʻo, ʻo kēia wai ʻulaʻula e holo ana ma ko kākou kino, ʻo ke koko, ʻaʻole ia he wai wale nō. He nui nā mea kupaianaha a koʻikoʻi i loko. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui o ko kākou koko:

• Nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula: ʻO kēia nā mea e lawe i ka oxygen ma o ko mākou kino, e like me ka lawelawe lawe meaʻai.
• Nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo: Ua like kēia me nā mākaʻi i loko o ko mākou kino. Ke kaua nei kēia mau hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i nā germs e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi .
• Nā Platelets: ʻO kēia nā platelets e kōkua i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ke ʻeha ʻoe. Hoʻopili pū lākou a hana i nā ʻūpā koko.
• Plasma: ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana wai o ke koko. ʻO nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo, a me nā platelets e lana ana i loko o kēia wai i kapa ʻia ʻo plasma.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻaʻole like ke koko o kēlā me kēia kanaka. He mau ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēlā mau ʻokoʻa ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he mau ʻano koko.

No laila he aha kēia mau ʻano koko?

ʻO ke ʻano koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o kou koko, he mea nui loa ia. ʻOi loa aku inā pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ke koko i kekahi, kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e hana me ka palekana a me ka ʻole o nā hewa. Loaʻa iā mākou nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, a ma luna, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻili, aia nā māka liʻiliʻi. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau māka he ' antigens ' . ʻO kēia mau mea he mau protein a me nā kō i loko o ko mākou kino. Hoʻohana ko mākou kino i kēia mau māka e ʻike ai 'ʻo koʻu hunaola koko ponoʻī kēia'. ʻElua mau ʻōnaehana ʻano koko nui. ʻO ia ka ʻōnaehana ABO a me ka ʻōnaehana Rh .

He aha ke ʻano koko ABO?

ʻEhā mau ʻano koko nui e like me ka ʻōnaehana ABO. E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano:

• ʻAno A: Loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko ka antigen i kapa ʻia ʻo 'A'.
• ʻAno B: Loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko ka antigen i kapa ʻia ʻo 'B'.
• ʻAno AB: E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko nā antigens 'A' a me 'B'.
• ʻAno O: ʻAʻohe o kēia ʻano koko kekahi o nā antigens 'A' a i ʻole 'B' i ʻōlelo mua ʻia.

No laila he aha kēia kumu Rh?

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana ABO, ua hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ke koko ma ke ʻano he 'Rh maikaʻi' (ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa iā ia ka Rh factor) a i ʻole 'Rh maikaʻi ʻole' (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ona Rh factor). ʻO Rh kekahi protein kūikawā i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia kekahi "Antigen". No laila, i ka hui ʻana o kēia mau ʻōnaehana ʻelua i kapa ʻia ʻo ABO a me Rh, loaʻa iā mākou he 8 mau ʻano koko nui. E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano:

• ʻO maikaʻi ʻole:ʻAʻohe māka A a i ʻole B o kēia ʻano koko, a ʻaʻohe kumu Rh.
• ʻO maikaʻi: ʻAʻohe o kēia ʻano koko nā māka A a i ʻole B, akā loaʻa iā ia ka Rh factor. He ʻano koko maʻamau loa ʻo ʻO maikaʻi ma Sri Lanka (ʻo kekahi ʻano koko maʻamau ʻo A maikaʻi).
• He maikaʻi ʻole: ʻO ka māka A wale nō kēia ʻano koko, ʻaʻohe kumu Rh.
• A maikaʻi: Loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko ka māka A a me ka Rh factor, akā ʻaʻohe māka B. He ʻano koko maʻamau loa kēia, e like me O maikaʻi.
• B maikaʻi ʻole: ʻO kēia ʻano koko wale nō ka mea hōʻailona B, ʻaʻohe kumu Rh.
• B maikaʻi: Loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko ka māka B a me ka kumu Rh, akā ʻaʻohe māka A.
• AB maikaʻi ʻole: Loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko nā māka A a me B, akā ʻaʻohe kumu Rh.
• AB maikaʻi: Loaʻa i kēia ʻano koko nā māka ʻekolu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna - ʻo ia hoʻi, A, B, a me ka Rh factor.

I kēia manawa, ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe, 'ʻAuē, ʻaʻole anei ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o koʻu ʻano koko ma mua o kāna, a i ʻole koʻu ʻano koko nāwaliwali?' ʻAʻohe mea like! ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau antigens ʻaʻole ia e hoʻolilo i ke koko o ke kanaka i olakino a nāwaliwali paha. Ua like ia me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o ka uliuli, a i ʻole ka lauoho ʻōwili ma kahi o ka pololei, he ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi wale nō ia o ka genetic. No laila, mai hopohopo no ia mea.

No ke aha he mea nui e ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano koko?

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ke kumu he mea nui ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano koko, e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻōnaehana pale akamai a kupaianaha i loko o ko mākou kino. Kāhea mākou iā ia ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale . Ua like ia me kahi pūʻali koa e pale ana i kahi ʻāina. Loaʻa i kēia ʻōnaehana ka hiki kupaianaha ke nānā i nā mea e komo i loko o ko mākou kino a ʻike iā lākou he 'ʻo, ʻo koʻu kino ponoʻī kēia' (ʻoʻu iho) a i ʻole 'he malihini kēia' (ʻoʻu iho). Ke hāʻawi ʻoe i ke koko i kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hana nā kauka i kahi hoʻoili koko, pono ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka mea nāna i loaʻa kēlā koko e ʻike i nā hunaola koko hou a ʻōlelo 'ʻo, ʻo koʻu ʻano ponoʻī kēia, kūpono lākou iaʻu'. Inā ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i kēlā ʻano kūlike, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā ʻaʻole 'kūlike' nā ʻano koko ʻelua, e hōʻole ʻia nā hunaola hou. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hoʻouka lākou a luku i kēlā mau hunaola. Hana kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale akamai i kahi ʻano protein kūikawā, kapa mākou iā lākou he 'antibodies' . Ua like kēia me nā kiaʻi. Inā komo nā hunaola haole, kū ʻole i ke kino, hoʻāla koke kēia mau antibody a hoʻomaka e hana kūʻē i kēlā mau hunaola haole. Ma muli o ke ʻano koko o ke kanaka, hana kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale i nā antibodies i hiki ke hakakā i nā ʻano koko ʻē aʻe i kūlike ʻole.

He aha ka hopena inā hāʻawi ʻoe i ke ʻano koko kūpono ʻole?ʻO ia ka manawa e kū mai ai ka pilikia. Hoʻomaka koke kēlā mau antibodies e hana a luku i nā hunaola koko hou a kūlike ʻole i komo i loko o ke kino. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i hopena koʻikoʻi e hoʻopilikia i ke kino holoʻokoʻa (Transfusion Reaction). Aia paha nā mea e like me ke kuni, ke anu, a me ka emi koke ʻana o ke koko. I kekahi mau hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā ʻōpū koʻikoʻi loa e like me ka ʻōnaehana hanu (hanu ʻana) a me nā puʻupaʻa ke hāʻule. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hoʻohālikelike pololei ʻana i nā ʻano koko i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko he mea ia o ke ola a me ka make.

E nānā kākou pehea e hana ai nā ʻano koko a me nā antibodies.

No ka wehewehe hou aku i kēia, e hoʻohana kākou i kahi laʻana. E noʻonoʻo penei:

• E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he ʻano koko A kou. No ka mea, aia ka antigen A i loko o kou koko, hana kou kino i nā antibodies B. A laila, inā komo ke koko me ka antigen B (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻano B a i ʻole ʻano AB) i loko o kou kino, e hoʻohana kāu ʻōnaehana pale ʻano A i kēlā mau antibodies B e hakakā i nā hunaola koko hou. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke koko mai kahi kanaka ʻano A a i ʻole ʻano O. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke koko mai kahi kanaka ʻano B a i ʻole AB.

• Pēlā nō, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka antigen B i loko o kou koko (ʻo ia hoʻi kou ʻano koko ʻo B ), e hana kou kino i nā antibodies A. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke koko mai kahi kanaka me ke ʻano B a i ʻole ke ʻano O. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke koko mai kahi kanaka me ke ʻano A a i ʻole AB.

Pehea kēia e pili ai i nā kānaka me nā ʻano koko AB a me O?

He ʻokoʻa iki kēia moʻolelo no ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko AB a me ke ʻano koko O.

• I kēia manawa, e noʻonoʻo inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā antigens A a me B ma ka ʻili o kou mau keʻena koko ʻulaʻula (ʻo ia hoʻi, inā ʻo kou ʻano koko ʻo AB ), ʻaʻole pono kou kino e hakakā me kekahi o nā antigens A a i ʻole B. No ka mea, ʻike kēlā mau antigens ʻelua i kou kino, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, 'ʻO kēia nāʻu.' ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i ke kanaka me ke ʻano koko AB ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi ʻano koko, ʻo A, B, AB, a i ʻole O. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ua kapa ʻia ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi ʻo 'nā mea loaʻa honua' a i ʻole ' nā mea loaʻa honua .'

• Akā, inā ʻo kou ʻano koko ʻo O , ʻaʻohe o kāu mau keena koko ʻulaʻula i kekahi o kēlā mau antigens A a i ʻole B. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia?
• Hoʻopuka kou kino i nā antibodies A a me B. Hoʻoulu kēia i kāu ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā i nā ʻano koko A, B, a me AB. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki i ke kanaka me ke koko ʻano O ke loaʻa i ke koko o ke ʻano O wale nō.
• Akā, aia kekahi mea koʻikoʻi a kūikawā hoʻi ma ʻaneʻi. Aia kekahi ʻano koko i kapa ʻia ʻo O maikaʻi ʻole, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi! No ka mea, ʻaʻohe ona antigens (antigens) e like me A, B, a i ʻole Rh. No laila, ʻaʻohe kino o kekahi e pane iā ia. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ke ʻano koko O maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ia ka 'universal donor' a i ʻole ka universal donor.ʻOi aku hoʻi i nā pilikia, i ka wā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoholo koke ʻia ke ʻano koko, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke koko ʻO maikaʻi ʻole.

Hiki i ka hāʻawi koko ke hoʻopakele i nā ola he nui!

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo kekahi o nā mea nui a pono ʻole e hana ʻia ma nā haukapila a kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā ola he nui, ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kahe koko. E kahaha paha ʻoe inā e haʻi ʻia iā ʻoe ma kekahi wahi o ka honua, pono kekahi i ke koko i kēlā me kēia 2 kekona . Pono ke koko o ka poʻe me nā maʻi maʻi e like me nā maʻi kanesa, i nā ʻoki kino, i nā ulia pōpilikia, ma kēia ʻano. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ke koko ma ke ʻano hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. Loaʻa wale ia mai kekahi kanaka olakino ʻē aʻe, manawaleʻa. ʻO ia ke kumu e pono mau ai ka poʻe hāʻawi koko.

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe hiki i hoʻokahi hāʻawi koko ke hoʻōla i ʻekolu ola? ʻAe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēlā. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea hanohano a waiwai nui ka hāʻawi koko ʻana.

I mea e palekana ai ke koko i nā manawa a pau, hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia hāʻawi koko no ke ʻano koko, a me nā maʻi lele e like me ka AIDS a me ka hepatitis.

No laila, he aha nā mea nui a mākou e makemake ai e lawe i ka home mai ka moʻolelo o kēia lā?

ʻAe, e hoʻomanaʻo kākou i nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai mai kēia kamaʻilio ʻana a pau:

• ʻAʻole like ke koko o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hoʻoholo ʻia ko mākou mau ʻano koko e nā māka kūikawā, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Antigens," ma ko mākou mau ʻulaʻula koko.
• ʻElua ʻōnaehana ʻano koko nui: ka ʻōnaehana ABO (nā ʻano ʻehā A, B, AB, a me O) a me ka ʻōnaehana Rh (maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha). Hoʻohui kēia mau mea ʻelua e hana i nā ʻano koko 8.
• He mea pono ke hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano koko i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke ʻano koko hewa hiki ke hana i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
• Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke koko maikaʻi ʻole i kekahi (Universal Donor). Hiki ke loaʻa ke koko AB maikaʻi mai kekahi (Universal Recipient). He mea kūpono kēia e hoʻomanaʻo.
• He ʻano hoʻoilina wale nō ke ʻano koko, e like me ke kala o nā maka a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka lauoho. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻopōʻino paha i kou olakino.
• Hiki i ka hāʻawi koko ke hoʻōla i nā ola. Inā hiki iā ʻoe, a inā ʻoe e hoʻokō i nā kūpono, e hāʻawi koko. He mea waiwai nui a hanohano hoʻi ia hiki iā ʻoe ke hana.

No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻike maikaʻi a me kahi manaʻo maopopo e pili ana i nā ʻano koko. He mea nui loa hoʻi ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o kou koko. Malia paha i kekahi lā e kōkua ia iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu i ʻike ai. Inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka ʻohana a i ʻole kahi haukapila.

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Nā ʻAno Koko, Nā ʻAno Koko, ABO, Rh Factor, Hāʻawi Koko, Hoʻoili Koko