Skip to main content

Pelvic Exenteration: E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino nui no ka maʻi kanesa

Pelvic Exenteration: E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino nui no ka maʻi kanesa

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i lohe i kēia mau ʻōlelo ma mua. He ʻoki kino paʻakikī loa ka 'Pelvic Exenteration' a nā kauka e ʻōlelo nei he koho hope loa ia i ke ola o kekahi e hakakā nei me ka maʻi kanesa, ke hāʻule nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole kēia he ʻoki kino wale nō. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i manaʻolana e hoʻōla ola. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ia e ʻike piha ʻia e pili ana i kēia ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka Pelvic Exenteration?

E noʻonoʻo, ʻo kēia ke ʻoki kino nui loa i hana ʻia i ka wā e laha ai ke kanesa i nā ʻōpū o ko kākou ʻāpana pelvic a ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe e wehe ai. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia, ʻo ia ka wehe loa ʻana o ke kanesa a me nā ʻōpū e pālahalaha ana ma ke ʻoki kino.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia ʻoki kino e hana ʻia ma nā wahine, i kekahi mau hihia, pono nō hoʻi i nā kāne ke hana i kēia ʻoki kino.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana wale nā ​​kauka i ke ʻoki kino nui e like me kēia inā ʻaʻole i hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe a pau, e like me ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation, ke kāohi i ke kanesa. Hiki i kēia ʻoki kino ke hōʻemi i ka ʻeha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kanesa a i kekahi manawa hoʻōla loa i ke kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, lawe pū ia i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me ka manawa hoʻōla lōʻihi. No laila, he mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia, nā pono, a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano nui o kēia ʻoki kino?

ʻAe, ua māhele ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i ʻekolu ʻano nui ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa. I kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, pono e wehe ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōnaehana hānau o ka wahine. ʻO ia hoʻi:

  • ʻUterus: Kahi e ulu ai ke pēpē.
  • Cervix: Ke komo ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū.
  • ʻOvaries: Kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hua.
  • Nā paipu Fallopian: Nā paipu e lawe i nā hua manu i ka ʻōpū.
  • ʻO ka wahine.

E nānā kākou i kēia mau ʻano nui ʻekolu ma kēia ʻano e hoʻomaopopo pono ai iā lākou.

ʻAno o ke ʻoki kino Ua wehe ʻia nā ʻōpū nui
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻoki mua o ka Pelvic (ʻoki kino mua) Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōkana āpau o ka ʻōnaehana hānauKa wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpū mimi.
ʻO ke ʻoki hope ʻana o ka Pelvic ma hope (ʻoki hope) Ka wehe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū nui (rectum) me nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻōnaehana hānau.
Hoʻopau piha ʻana o ka Pelvic (ʻoki kino holoʻokoʻa) Ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpū āpau o ka ʻōnaehana hānau, ka ʻōnaehana mimi, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa (ʻōpū mimi, rectum, nā ʻāpana o ka colon).

No ke aha ʻoe e hana nei i kahi ʻoki kino nui?

Hana nā kauka i kēia hoʻoholo nui ke ʻole lākou he koho ʻē aʻe. Hana nui ʻia kēia ʻoki kino no nā maʻi ʻaʻai wahine i hoʻi hou mai a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke ho'ōla ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi laʻana:

  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻōpū
  • Ka maʻi ʻōpū
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai wahine
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Vulvar

Hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i nā kāne no nā kūlana e like me ke kanesa urethral e hoʻi hou ana, kahi e wehe ʻia ai nā ʻōpū e like me ko lākou ʻōpū mimi, rectum, a me ka prostate gland.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma mua a i ka wā o ke ʻoki kino?

Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no ke ʻoki kino

Ma mua o kahi ʻoki kino nui e like me kēia, e nānā pono kāu kauka iā ʻoe. E hana lākou i nā hoʻokolohua e like me MRI a me CT scans e ʻike pono i ka mamao o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa. E hoʻolālā ʻia ke ʻoki kino e like me ia. Eia kekahi, e noi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā mea hoʻokahe koko, e hoʻōki ʻia ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Pono ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka inu ʻana i ka pō ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Pono e hahai pono ʻia kēia mau mea a pau e like me nā kuhikuhi a kāu kauka.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai ke ʻoki kino

E hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ka anesthesia laulā i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeha. Hiki i kēia ʻoki ʻana ke hala i 10-12 mau hola a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā e wehe ʻia kou ʻōpū mimi a me nā ʻāpana o kou kolona, ​​pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā ala hou e hoʻopau ai i nā ʻōpala (mimi a me nā feces) mai kou kino.

  • No ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka mimi: Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻohana i kahi ʻāpana o kou ʻōpū ponoʻī e hana i kahi mea e like me ka ʻōpū mimi hou. A i ʻole, ua hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā ʻōmole mai kou mau puʻupaʻa i kahi puka liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o kou ʻōpū. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he urostomy.A laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka mimi i loko o kahi ʻeke i pili i kēlā puka.
  • No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻōpala: Ke wehe ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū nui, e like me ka rectum, ua hoʻopili ʻia ke koena o ka ʻōpū i kahi puka i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he colostomy . Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻeke i kēia e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻōpala.

ʻOiai paha he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia mau ʻano hana i ka wā mua, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ola maʻamau.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma hope o ke ʻoki kino? Pehea ka manawa hoʻōla?

ʻO kēia ka manawa paʻakikī loa. Pono paha ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila no kekahi mau pule. ʻOiai e hāʻawi ʻia ana iā ʻoe ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i ka ʻeha, ke nānā mau ʻia nei kou olakino e nā kauka a me nā kahu maʻi.

E aʻo ʻia ʻoe pehea e mālama ai i kāu mau ʻoki ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana a pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i kāu mau ʻeke colostomy/urostomy i hana hou ʻia.

Hiki i ka manawa ho'ōla ke hala i kekahi mau mahina.

  • ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i kekahi hana kino no kekahi mau pule.
  • Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hiki ke noho pono no kahi o 6-8 mau pule. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke kū, huli i ka ʻaoʻao, a moe i lalo me kou mau lima i kīkoʻo ʻia.
  • He mea nui e loaʻa ke kōkua mai kekahi iā ʻoe i ka wā mua.
  • Ma muli o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻōkana mai ke kino, ua emi iho ke kākoʻo ʻōpū, e paʻakikī ai i kekahi poʻe ke noho pololei no nā mahina a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki. Hiki i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino ke kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻiʻo ʻōpū.

He manawa ka lōʻihi no ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo e ho'ōla ai ma hope o kēia ʻoki kino. No laila, he mea nui loa ke kākoʻo o ka ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha, a inā pono, e ʻimi i ke aʻo ʻana noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me nā hui kākoʻo me ka poʻe i hana i nā ʻoki kino like he kumu ikaika nui nō hoʻi ia.

He aha nā hōʻailona e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka?

E hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe nā manawa hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona , ​​e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

  • Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole ka pehu nui ʻana mai ka ʻōpū.
  • Ke kuni, ka ʻulaʻula, a me ka pehu kokoke i nā ʻoki (he mau hōʻailona kēia o ka maʻi).
  • ʻEha nui o ka ʻōpū.
  • Paʻakikī i ka mimi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻōpala.
  • Ka luaʻi mau ʻana a me ka luaʻi ʻana.
  • Ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpū.

Leka Lawe-Home

  • He hana paʻakikī a pilikia hoʻi ka Pelvic Exenteration i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, i manaʻo ʻia he koho hope loa.
  • ʻO kēia ʻoki kino e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpū hānau, a me ka ʻōpū mimi a me/a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū, a me ka hana ʻana i kahi puka mau loa (stoma) i loko o ka ʻōpū e ʻae ai i ka ʻōpala e hele.
  • He lōʻihi loa ka manawa hoʻōla, a hiki ke paʻakikī i ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo no nā mahina. He mea nui ke kākoʻo ʻohana a me ke kōkua loea.
  • Ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino, he mea nui e kūkākūkā ākea a maopopo hoʻi me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me nā pono.

Pelvic Exenteration, ʻoki kino maʻi kanesa, maʻi kanesa wahine, maʻi kanesa cervical, colostomy, urostomy, olakino wahine
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.

Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo

E ʻoluʻolu e helu: 3 + 6 =
Pelvic Exenteration: E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino nui no ka maʻi kanesa
Nā ʻoki kino6 Iulai 2026

Pelvic Exenteration: E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino nui no ka maʻi kanesa

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i lohe i kēia mau ʻōlelo ma mua. He ʻoki kino paʻakikī loa ka 'Pelvic Exenteration' a nā kauka e ʻōlelo nei he koho hope loa ia i ke ola o kekahi e hakakā nei me ka maʻi kanesa, ke hāʻule nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole kēia he ʻoki kino wale nō. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i manaʻolana e hoʻōla ola. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ia e ʻike piha ʻia e pili ana i kēia ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka Pelvic Exenteration?

E noʻonoʻo, ʻo kēia ke ʻoki kino nui loa i hana ʻia i ka wā e laha ai ke kanesa i nā ʻōpū o ko kākou ʻāpana pelvic a ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe e wehe ai. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia, ʻo ia ka wehe loa ʻana o ke kanesa a me nā ʻōpū e pālahalaha ana ma ke ʻoki kino.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia ʻoki kino e hana ʻia ma nā wahine, i kekahi mau hihia, pono nō hoʻi i nā kāne ke hana i kēia ʻoki kino.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana wale nā ​​kauka i ke ʻoki kino nui e like me kēia inā ʻaʻole i hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe a pau, e like me ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation, ke kāohi i ke kanesa. Hiki i kēia ʻoki kino ke hōʻemi i ka ʻeha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kanesa a i kekahi manawa hoʻōla loa i ke kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, lawe pū ia i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me ka manawa hoʻōla lōʻihi. No laila, he mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia, nā pono, a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano nui o kēia ʻoki kino?

ʻAe, ua māhele ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i ʻekolu ʻano nui ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa. I kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, pono e wehe ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōnaehana hānau o ka wahine. ʻO ia hoʻi:

  • ʻUterus: Kahi e ulu ai ke pēpē.
  • Cervix: Ke komo ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū.
  • ʻOvaries: Kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hua.
  • Nā paipu Fallopian: Nā paipu e lawe i nā hua manu i ka ʻōpū.
  • ʻO ka wahine.

E nānā kākou i kēia mau ʻano nui ʻekolu ma kēia ʻano e hoʻomaopopo pono ai iā lākou.

ʻAno o ke ʻoki kino Ua wehe ʻia nā ʻōpū nui
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻoki mua o ka Pelvic (ʻoki kino mua) Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōkana āpau o ka ʻōnaehana hānauKa wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpū mimi.
ʻO ke ʻoki hope ʻana o ka Pelvic ma hope (ʻoki hope) Ka wehe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū nui (rectum) me nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻōnaehana hānau.
Hoʻopau piha ʻana o ka Pelvic (ʻoki kino holoʻokoʻa) Ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpū āpau o ka ʻōnaehana hānau, ka ʻōnaehana mimi, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa (ʻōpū mimi, rectum, nā ʻāpana o ka colon).

No ke aha ʻoe e hana nei i kahi ʻoki kino nui?

Hana nā kauka i kēia hoʻoholo nui ke ʻole lākou he koho ʻē aʻe. Hana nui ʻia kēia ʻoki kino no nā maʻi ʻaʻai wahine i hoʻi hou mai a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke ho'ōla ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi laʻana:

  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻōpū
  • Ka maʻi ʻōpū
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai wahine
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai Vulvar

Hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino i nā kāne no nā kūlana e like me ke kanesa urethral e hoʻi hou ana, kahi e wehe ʻia ai nā ʻōpū e like me ko lākou ʻōpū mimi, rectum, a me ka prostate gland.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma mua a i ka wā o ke ʻoki kino?

Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no ke ʻoki kino

Ma mua o kahi ʻoki kino nui e like me kēia, e nānā pono kāu kauka iā ʻoe. E hana lākou i nā hoʻokolohua e like me MRI a me CT scans e ʻike pono i ka mamao o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa. E hoʻolālā ʻia ke ʻoki kino e like me ia. Eia kekahi, e noi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā mea hoʻokahe koko, e hoʻōki ʻia ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Pono ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka inu ʻana i ka pō ma mua o ke ʻoki kino. Pono e hahai pono ʻia kēia mau mea a pau e like me nā kuhikuhi a kāu kauka.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai ke ʻoki kino

E hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ka anesthesia laulā i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeha. Hiki i kēia ʻoki ʻana ke hala i 10-12 mau hola a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā e wehe ʻia kou ʻōpū mimi a me nā ʻāpana o kou kolona, ​​pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā ala hou e hoʻopau ai i nā ʻōpala (mimi a me nā feces) mai kou kino.

  • No ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka mimi: Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻohana i kahi ʻāpana o kou ʻōpū ponoʻī e hana i kahi mea e like me ka ʻōpū mimi hou. A i ʻole, ua hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā ʻōmole mai kou mau puʻupaʻa i kahi puka liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o kou ʻōpū. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he urostomy.A laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka mimi i loko o kahi ʻeke i pili i kēlā puka.
  • No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻōpala: Ke wehe ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū nui, e like me ka rectum, ua hoʻopili ʻia ke koena o ka ʻōpū i kahi puka i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he colostomy . Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻeke i kēia e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻōpala.

ʻOiai paha he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia mau ʻano hana i ka wā mua, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ola maʻamau.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma hope o ke ʻoki kino? Pehea ka manawa hoʻōla?

ʻO kēia ka manawa paʻakikī loa. Pono paha ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila no kekahi mau pule. ʻOiai e hāʻawi ʻia ana iā ʻoe ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i ka ʻeha, ke nānā mau ʻia nei kou olakino e nā kauka a me nā kahu maʻi.

E aʻo ʻia ʻoe pehea e mālama ai i kāu mau ʻoki ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana a pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i kāu mau ʻeke colostomy/urostomy i hana hou ʻia.

Hiki i ka manawa ho'ōla ke hala i kekahi mau mahina.

  • ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i kekahi hana kino no kekahi mau pule.
  • Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hiki ke noho pono no kahi o 6-8 mau pule. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke kū, huli i ka ʻaoʻao, a moe i lalo me kou mau lima i kīkoʻo ʻia.
  • He mea nui e loaʻa ke kōkua mai kekahi iā ʻoe i ka wā mua.
  • Ma muli o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻōkana mai ke kino, ua emi iho ke kākoʻo ʻōpū, e paʻakikī ai i kekahi poʻe ke noho pololei no nā mahina a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki. Hiki i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino ke kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻiʻo ʻōpū.

He manawa ka lōʻihi no ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo e ho'ōla ai ma hope o kēia ʻoki kino. No laila, he mea nui loa ke kākoʻo o ka ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha, a inā pono, e ʻimi i ke aʻo ʻana noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me nā hui kākoʻo me ka poʻe i hana i nā ʻoki kino like he kumu ikaika nui nō hoʻi ia.

He aha nā hōʻailona e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka?

E hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe nā manawa hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona , ​​e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

  • Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole ka pehu nui ʻana mai ka ʻōpū.
  • Ke kuni, ka ʻulaʻula, a me ka pehu kokoke i nā ʻoki (he mau hōʻailona kēia o ka maʻi).
  • ʻEha nui o ka ʻōpū.
  • Paʻakikī i ka mimi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻōpala.
  • Ka luaʻi mau ʻana a me ka luaʻi ʻana.
  • Ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpū.

Leka Lawe-Home

  • He hana paʻakikī a pilikia hoʻi ka Pelvic Exenteration i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, i manaʻo ʻia he koho hope loa.
  • ʻO kēia ʻoki kino e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpū hānau, a me ka ʻōpū mimi a me/a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū, a me ka hana ʻana i kahi puka mau loa (stoma) i loko o ka ʻōpū e ʻae ai i ka ʻōpala e hele.
  • He lōʻihi loa ka manawa hoʻōla, a hiki ke paʻakikī i ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo no nā mahina. He mea nui ke kākoʻo ʻohana a me ke kōkua loea.
  • Ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i kēia ʻoki kino, he mea nui e kūkākūkā ākea a maopopo hoʻi me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me nā pono.

Pelvic Exenteration, ʻoki kino maʻi kanesa, maʻi kanesa wahine, maʻi kanesa cervical, colostomy, urostomy, olakino wahine
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.

Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo

E ʻoluʻolu e helu: 3 + 6 =