Ke loaʻa nei kēia mau pilikia me kou mau māmā? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ua pōkole ka hanu, a i ʻole he ʻū mau e mau ana no nā lā? Malia paha ua luhi ʻoe me ke kumu ʻole, me ka ʻeha o ka umauma. Hiki i kēia ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ka luhi maʻamau. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi kūlana āu i lohe ʻole ai, akā he mea nui loa ia e ʻike. ʻO ia ka sarcoidosis pulmonary.

He aha ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka sarcoidosis kahi maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū , a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana, ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ko mākou kino. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma kēia, ʻo ia ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā pūnaewele o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale a hana i nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau puʻupuʻu he granulomas . I ka pololei, hiki i kēia ke liʻiliʻi e like me ka hua laiki a i ʻole ka nui iki aʻe.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ka wā e hoʻopilikia ai kēia maʻi i ko kākou mau māmā . Akā, ʻaʻole ia i kaupalena ʻia i nā māmā. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻili, nā maka, nā lymph node, ka puʻuwai, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke kino. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, e hoʻomaikaʻi kēia maʻi sarcoidosis pulmonary iā ia iho. Akā i kekahi mau hihia pōʻino, hiki i kēia mumū e hoʻomau nei ke hana i ka ʻeha mau loa o nā māmā. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa iā kākou a pau e makaʻala i kēia maʻi.

He maʻi ʻaʻai anei kēia?

Nui ka poʻe, ke lohe lākou i ka inoa "sarcoidosis", ʻoiai ke lohe lākou i nā "puʻupuʻu" i hana ʻia, manaʻo paha lākou, "ʻAuē, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu inā he maʻi kanesa kēia." ʻAʻole, i mea e maopopo ai, ʻaʻole ka sarcoidosis he maʻi kanesa. He ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ia. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike kekahi mau noiʻi lapaʻau he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me ka sarcoidosis i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole like kēia mau maʻi ʻelua.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau kēia maʻi, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa me ka ʻole o kekahi mau hōʻailona. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe e hoʻomau nei i kēia mau mea, pono ʻoe e hopohopo iki:

• Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻeha i ka umauma . Hiki paha ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻūmiʻi ma waenakonu o kou umauma, a i ʻole e ʻeha paha i kou hanu ʻana.
• Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi ʻū maloʻo mau loa ʻaʻole e nalo me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai.
• E manaʻo paha ʻoe i ka luhi , ka luhi, kahi manaʻo maʻamau o ka maʻi, a i ʻole ka malaise . Ua like ia me ke kuni, a ua kaumaha kou kino.
• Ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana (dyspnea), ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pōkole kou hanu ʻana, me he mea lā e pilikia ana ʻoe i ka hanu ʻana. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hiolo ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kahi mamao pōkole.
• I kekahi manawa lohe paha ʻoe i ke kani ʻūlū mai kou umauma mai ke hanu ʻana .

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea, nui ka poʻe me ka sarcoidosis pulmonary e hakakā nei me ke kaumaha . ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ai kahi maʻi mau e like me kēia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ka hana, a me nā pilina pilikanaka, hiki ke lilo i mea kaumaha.

He aha ke kumu o kēia?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻike nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema i ke kumu pololei o ka sarcoidosis pulmonary. He mea paʻakikī iki ia. I kekahi mau hihia, holo ia i loko o nā ʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi he loulou genetic paha . I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni, e like me kekahi mau bacteria, virus, lepo, a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kemika . Hiki nō hoʻi ke lilo i hopena ʻaoʻao o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau . Ke aʻo nei nā mea noiʻi i kēia e ʻike pono i ka mea e hana nei.

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia maʻi? ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana?

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe helu kikoʻī e pili ana i kēia ma Sri Lanka, ke nānā mākou i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua, no ka laʻana ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻelua haneli tausani mau kānaka e ʻeha nei i kēia maʻi o ka sarcoidosis. Ma ka awelika, ʻoiai ma kahi o 11 mau kānaka mai kēlā me kēia 100,000 poʻe keʻokeʻo e loaʻa i kēia maʻi, i loko o nā heluna kanaka o ka hanauna ʻApelika e piʻi ana kēia helu i kahi o 34 mai kēlā me kēia 100,000. Ma keʻano laulā, aia ma kahi o 2.4 pakeneka ka manawa e loaʻa ai i kekahi kēia maʻi.

Hoʻopilikia pinepine ka Sarcoidosis i nā māmā.

Hiki i ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kāne, ka makahiki, a i ʻole ka lāhui. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia aia kekahi poʻe ma lalo nei i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe iki aʻe:

• Nā kānaka o ʻApelika a i ʻole ʻEulopa ʻĀkau (e.g. nā ʻāina e like me Denemaka, Norewai, Kuekene).
• ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana i nā wahi me nā pesticides, ka ʻōpala, ka lepo, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka mumū.
• ʻO ka poʻe e lawe ana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka wā lōʻihi. Eia kekahi laʻana, kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV, nā lāʻau anti-cancer, a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoikaika nui ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale.
• Inā ua loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana ka sarcoidosis pulmonary ma mua, ʻo ia hoʻi he mana hoʻoilina paha.
• ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine i kēia maʻi ma mua o nā kāne.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i kēia?

Inā kānalua kāu kauka i ka sarcoidosis pulmonary ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke kauoha i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua, e like me:

• X-ray umauma: ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo nui mua i hana ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke nānā i nā ʻano ʻē i loko o nā māmā a me nā ʻāpana lymph pehu.
• CT scan: Hiki i ka CT scan ke hana i nā kiʻi ʻokiʻoki ʻoi aku ka maopopo ma mua o ka X-ray. Kōkua kēia i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūlana o nā māmā me nā kikoʻī.
• Hoʻāʻo hana pulmonary: Pili kēia i ka puhi ʻana i loko o kahi mīkini e ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o kou mau māmā, ka nui o ka ea hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i loko a i waho, a pehea ka maikaʻi o kou omo ʻana i ka oxygen i loko o kou koko (e laʻa, ka hoʻāʻo hoʻolaha kinoea) .
• Biopsy: ʻO kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia ai i ka hōʻailona. Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai nā māmā a i ʻole kahi lymph node pehu a nānā iā ia ma lalo o kahi microscope e ʻike inā he granulomas. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia laʻana ʻiʻo ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo bronchoscopy (kahi ʻōmole lahilahi me kahi kāmela i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā alaea).
• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: E nānā i nā mea e like me nā pae mumū, nā pae calcium, ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa a me ke ake, a pēlā aku. I kekahi manawa e nānā ʻia ka pae o ka angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), no ka mea hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia kēia ma ka sarcoidosis.
• Inā pono, hiki ke hana ʻia nā scan kūikawā ʻē aʻe e like me MRI a i ʻole positron emission tomography (PET) .

He aha nā pae o ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Ma muli o kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo, ʻoiai nā mea āu e ʻike ai ma kou umauma X-ray, a me kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i kahi kahua o ka maʻi. Loaʻa kēia mau kahua mai ka asymptomatic a i ka hōʻino nui ʻana o ka māmā:

• Pae 0: He mea maʻamau loa ka X-ray umauma. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o nā granulomas. ʻAʻohe paha nā hōʻailona.
• Pae I: Ua pehu nā ʻāpana lymph hilar ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka umauma, akā ʻaʻohe pōʻino i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻiʻo māmā. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻohe paha nā hōʻailona.
• Pae II: Ua pehu nā ʻāpana lymph, a aia nā hōʻailona o nā granulomas i loko o ka ʻiʻo māmā. Hiki i kēia poʻe ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona.
• Pae III: Ua pālahalaha nā granulomas ma loko o nā ʻiʻo māmā, akā hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia a ʻaʻohe paha ka pehu ʻana i loko o nā lymph nodes.
• Pae IV: ʻO kēia ke kahua koʻikoʻi loa. Hoʻopilikia ka sarcoidosis pulmonary i ka ʻiʻo o ka māmā.Loaʻa ka ʻeha mau loa, hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pulmonary fibrosis. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia i ka hana o ka māmā.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole pili pono kēia mau pae i ka koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ʻoiai ma ke kahua I.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?

He nūhou maikaʻi! ʻAʻole pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kānaka a pau me ka sarcoidosis pulmonary. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kahua I, e hoʻomaha koke ke ʻano me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau . E nānā wale kāu kauka iā ʻoe no kekahi manawa.

Eia nō naʻe, inā koʻikoʻi kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​inā pilikia ka hana o kou māmā, a inā paha e pili ana i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me kou mau maka a i ʻole kou puʻuwai, pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau nui i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia ka prednisone . He ʻano corticosteroid kēia. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e kāohi i ka mumū i loko o ke kino a me ka hana nui o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka piʻi ʻana o ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes, a me ka lahilahi o nā iwi ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hāʻawi ke kauka iā ia ma ka mahele haʻahaʻa loa a no ka manawa pōkole loa.
• No nā poʻe i pilikia i ka ʻae ʻana i ka prednisone, a i ʻole e pono ai ka lāʻau lōʻihi, hiki i nā kauka ke ʻōlelo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e like me:
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana pale, e like me methotrexate a me azathioprine .
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa i ka tumor necrosis factor (TNF), e like me ka infliximab a i ʻole adalimumab . Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea no nā kūlana e like me ka rheumatoid arthritis.
• I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antimalarial e like me ka hydroxychloroquine e mālama i nā hōʻailona ʻili a me nā hono.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi (kahua IV) i loaʻa ai ka hōʻino mau ʻana o ka māmā a koʻikoʻi nā pilikia hanu, pono paha kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka pulmonary: Nā papahana hoʻoikaika kino kūikawā a me ke aʻo ʻana.
• ʻOkikene hoʻohui .
• ʻO ka mea hope loa, ke ʻoki kino hoʻoili māmā .

Hiki ke pale ʻia kēia?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole maopopo loa i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke kumu o ka sarcoidosis pulmonary, no laila ʻaʻohe ala i hōʻoia ʻia e pale aku ai. Eia nō naʻe, ua pili kekahi mau hihia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e like me nā pesticides, ka lepo, a me ka ʻōpala.ʻO ka noho ʻana ma kahi mamao loa mai ia mau mea a me ka noho ʻana i kahi ea maʻemaʻe e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kou mau māmā. Eia kekahi, he mea nui loa ka pale ʻana i ka puhipaka.

He mea hoʻoweliweli anei kēia i ke ola? Hiki paha ke hana hou?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia o ka sarcoidosis pulmonary, ʻoiai inā he akahai nā hōʻailona, ​​e hoʻomaha koke ʻia . ʻO nā hihia ʻē aʻe e hoʻopau loa me ka mālama ʻana i ka wā pōkole. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ola kēlā mau hihia.

Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻomau kēia ʻano no ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻaʻole pane maikaʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻeha mau loa (fibrosis) o nā māmā. Inā hana ʻia kēia, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hana o ka māmā, hoʻonui i nā pilikia hanu, a i kekahi manawa e hoʻopōkole i ke ola o ke kanaka.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻokō i kahi kala mau loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pau loa ka maʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻi mai.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka sarcoidosis pulmonary ke hoʻi hou mai ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i kūleʻa . I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kēia he 'flare-up'. No laila, ʻoiai inā e hoʻomaikaʻi ana ka maʻi, he mea nui e hoʻomau i ka hele ʻana no nā hoʻokolohua e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke loaʻa mai ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Inā ʻaʻole e ho'ōla pono a hoʻomau nā granulomas a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pilikia e like me:

• ʻO ka fibrosis pulmonary: ʻO kēia ka pilikia koʻikoʻi a weliweli loa. Lilo ka ʻiʻo o ka māmā i ʻeha a paʻakikī nā māmā. ʻO kēia ka mea e paʻakikī ai ka hanu ʻana a hōʻeha mau loa i nā māmā.
• Bronchiectasis: He kūlana kēia kahi e hoʻonui mau ʻia ai a hōʻino ʻia ai nā ala ea (bronchi) i loko o nā alaloa. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mucus a me nā maʻi pinepine o ka māmā.
• ʻO ke koko kiʻekiʻe o ka puʻuwai: ʻO ke koko kiʻekiʻe kēia i loko o nā aʻa e lawe ana i ke koko i nā māmā. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka puʻuwai.
• Nā pilikia maka: Inā pili ka sarcoidosis i nā maka, hiki ke loaʻa nā kūlana e like me ka uveitis, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o ka ʻike a me ka makapō.
• Maʻi puʻuwai: I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka puʻuwai, e hana ana i nā kūlana e like me ka puʻuwai kūpono ʻole a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai.
• Nā hopena ma nā puʻupaʻa: ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ke koko hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa a me ka hana pono ʻole o nā puʻupaʻa.
• Maʻi māmā hope loa: ʻO kēia ke kahua hope loa o ka maʻi māmā. I kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i kou mau māmā ke wehe i ke kalapona ʻokikene mai kou kino a i ʻole e hāʻawi i ka oxygen lawa i kou kino.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke mālama iaʻu iho ma ke ʻano he kanaka me ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, mai hopohopo. Hiki i kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i ke kūlana, hoʻōla, a ola i kahi ola olakino:

• E noho mamao aku mai nā mea e hōʻino ai i kou mau māmā. E pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā mea e like me ka lepo, nā kemika, nā uahi pena, nā pesticides, a me ka ʻōpala. Mai puhi paka iki. Mai noho ma nā wahi e puhi paka ai kekahi poʻe (uahi lua).
• E ʻai i ka ʻai momona a kaulike. E ʻai i nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā iʻa maʻemaʻe, a me nā palaoa piha. E hōʻemi i nā meaʻai i hana ʻia, ke kō, a me nā meaʻai momona nui.
• E hoʻoikaika kino mau. E nīnau i kāu kauka i nā hoʻoikaika kino kūpono iā ʻoe a hana iā lākou. He maikaʻi nā mea e like me ka hele wāwae a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
• E mālama i ke kaumaha olakino. ʻO ka momona nui ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā pilikia hanu.
• E hōʻoia e hele i nā hoʻokolohua a pau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me nā manawa i hālāwai ai me kāu kauka i ka manawa kūpono. Mai hōʻole i nā hoʻokolohua koko, nā hoʻokolohua hana māmā, a i ʻole nā ​​​​X-ray.
• E lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau i kuhikuhi ʻia e like me ka mea a kāu kauka e ʻōlelo ai iā ʻoe, i ka manawa a no ka lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia. Mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻololi paha i ka nui o ka lāʻau ma kāu iho.
• E mālama i kou olakino noʻonoʻo. Hiki i ka noho ʻana me kahi maʻi e like me kēia ke lilo i mea hopohopo. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka, ʻohana, a me nā hoaaloha e pili ana i kou mau manaʻo. E ʻimi i ke kōkua psychiatric inā pono.
• Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona hou a i ʻole inā e ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoiai nā loli i nā ʻano hanu, ka ʻeha o ka umauma, a i ʻole ka ʻū nui, e haʻi koke i kāu kauka.

Āhea wau e ʻimi ai i ke aʻo lapaʻau?

E haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā hōʻailona āu e makaʻala pono ai a me ka mea e hana ai inā loaʻa. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa kēia mau hōʻailona ma muli o kahi o ka sarcoidosis. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka sarcoidosis pulmonary, pono ʻoe e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi loli koke i kou hanu ʻana, ʻeha nui o ka umauma, pōkole o ka hanu, a i ʻole ka phlegm koko. Eia kekahi, e ʻike i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kuni, ʻeha kino, a i ʻole ka ʻū mau e mau ana no kekahi mau lā.

Nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, ʻo ka sarcoidosis pulmonary a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā he maʻi ia me ke kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū a me nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo granulomas i loko o nā māmā. No ka hapa nui o ka poʻe, hoʻopau ia ma kāna iho, a i ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka mālama pōkole. No laila, mai makaʻu a hopohopo paha no kēia.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni mau, ka pōkole o ka hanu, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma, mai hoʻowahāwahā wale a ʻike i ke kauka no ka nānā ʻana. He mea nui loa ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama kūpono i kēia ʻano maʻi. ʻO ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka, ka lawe pono ʻana i kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka hele ʻana no nā nānā maʻamau e kōkua nui iā ʻoe. Mai makaʻu e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka a ʻohana paha e pili ana i nā nīnau a hopohopo paha āu e loaʻa ai. E noho maikaʻi, e noho olakino!

ʻO ka Sarcoidosis Pulmonary, Sarcoidosis, Granulomas, Maʻi Mama, ʻEha Hanu, Kuke, Mumū, Pulmonary Fibrosis