Malia paha e makaʻu iki ʻoe ke lohe ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo "radiopharmaceuticals," ʻeā? ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "radioactive" e hoʻomanaʻo koke i kahi mea weliweli, akā inā hoʻohana pono ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki iā lākou ke kōkua nui. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ko lākou ʻano, pehea lākou e hana ai, a pehea lākou e palekana ai iā ʻoe.
He aha kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau radio? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou!
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā kēia mau '(Radiopharmaceuticals)'. Akā he ʻāpana radioactive iki ko lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, he radioactive lākou. Mai hopohopo, he radioactivity i kāohi ʻia a palekana kēia. Hoʻohana kā mākou mau kauka, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kauka a me nā mea mālama ola kino e pili ana, i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nukelea a no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā puʻupuʻu kanesa .
E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ke makemake lākou e ʻike inā he hewa kekahi mea i loko o kou kino, i kekahi manawa hāʻawi nā kauka iā ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e inu ai a i ʻole kahi inikini ma mua o ka scan? He mea like kēia. Hana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā a hāʻawi ʻia e nā poʻe i aʻo kūikawā ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kauka lāʻau lapaʻau nuklea . A laila , hoʻohana nā radiologists a me nā ʻenehana radiologic (RT) iā lākou e hana i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi diagnostic. I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi pū nā oncologists radiation i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau.
He aha ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai kēia mau radiopharmaceuticals?
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻelua ʻāpana. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.
1. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau radiodiagnostic
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā Radiopharmaceuticals i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi lāʻau nukelea . Kāhea mākou i kēia mau "diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals." Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, ua manaʻo ʻia he miliona o kēia mau hoʻokolohua lāʻau nukelea e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka nui o ko lākou hoʻohana ʻia ʻana.
Hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke nānā inā e hana pono ana nā ʻōkana a me nā ʻiʻo i loko o kou kino . Hana ʻia kēia penei:
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi liʻiliʻi loa o kēia lāʻau radioactive e inu, hanu, a hoʻokomo paha. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he radiotracers . ʻAʻole e hōʻeha ka nui o ka lāʻau radioactive i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe. He liʻiliʻi loa ia. Hele kēia lāʻau i kahi i loaʻa ai kahi pilikia i loko o kou kino a hōʻiliʻili. A laila, ʻike kahi kāmela koʻikoʻi loa, e like me ke kāmela gamma, i ka radiation i loko o kou kino a hana i nā kiʻi e hiki i ke kauka ke ʻike.
E noʻonoʻo, ua like kēia lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi mākaʻi e komo ana i loko o ke kino, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi pilikia a hōʻike mai iā mākou, "Eia kahi o ka pilikia."
Eia kekahi mau laʻana o ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā radiopharmaceuticals no ka hōʻoia ʻana:
- Fluorine-18: He radiotracer kēia i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā scan PET (Positron Emission Tomography scans).
- ʻO Technetium 99m: ʻO kēia ka mea radioactive i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nukelea. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e nānā i nā iwi, ka hana o ke ake, a me ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa.
- Xenon-133: He lāʻau radioactive kēia āu e hanu ai. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e nānā i ka hana o ka māmā (hoʻāʻo hana pulmonary).
- ʻO Rubidium-82: He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe ma o ka intravenous (IV). Hoʻohana ʻia ia e nānā i ke kūlana o ka ʻiʻo puʻuwai (myocardial imaging).
2. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau radiotherapeutic
I kēia manawa, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana. He ʻokoʻa iki kēia mai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana. Hoʻopuka nā radiopharmaceuticals i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka radiation ikaika loa a pepehi i nā cell . Hana ʻia kēia e pepehi i nā cell maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai nā cell cancer .
Ua like kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau me nā "mea hahai holoholona uku." ʻO ia hoʻi, loaʻa iā lākou nā hunaola kanesa a hāʻawi pololei i ka radiation therapy i kēlā mau hunaola . He ʻokoʻa kēia mai ka radiation therapy beam waho , kahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi mīkini e hoʻouna i nā kukuna o ka radiation mai waho o kou kino. Akā hana pololei kēia mau radiopharmaceuticals therapeutic ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka pahuhopu.
He mea hou kēia kahua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau radioactive no ka mālama ʻana. Ke ʻimi nei nā kānaka noiʻi i nā hoʻohana hou no lākou. Manaʻo lākou e pāʻani nā radiopharmaceuticals therapeutic i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
He aha nā radiopharmaceuticals i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi kanesa?
Aia kekahi mau ʻano "Radiopharmaceuticals" a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai e mālama i ka maʻi kanesa. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- PLUVICTO® (lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan): He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i ʻāpono ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i ke kanesa prostate (PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer - PSMA-positive mCRPC).
- Lutathera™ `(Lutathera™ - Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate)`:He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i ʻāpono ʻia e ka FDA. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i kekahi mau puʻupuʻu neuroendocrine (somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) e kū mai ana i loko o ka ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, a me ka pancreas.
- Iodine-131: ʻO kēia ke ʻano nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau iodine radioactive. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i kekahi mau maʻi kanesa thyroid a me kekahi mau hihia o ka maʻi Graves, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo hyperthyroidism.
- Radium-223: He mea kūpono loa kēia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpū iwi e kū mai ana i ka wā e laha ai ke kanesa prostate (metastasizes) i nā iwi. Ua ʻāpono ka US FDA iā Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo™) no kēia kumu.
Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau radiopharmaceutical ʻē aʻe i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau no nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe.
He aha nā lāʻau radiopharmaceutical i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia?
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo Technetium-99m kahi radiopharmaceutical a nā kauka e hoʻohana pinepine ai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi diagnostic. Kōkua ia i ka "ʻike" ʻana i kēia mau mea:
- Ka hoʻokahe koko i loko o kou mau māmā.
- Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i loko o kou ʻōnaehana vascular (Vascular perfusion).
- Nā iwi.
- ʻO ka ʻiʻo myocardial.
- Nā kelepaʻi lacrimal.
- ʻO ke kelepaʻi thyroid.
ʻO kekahi mau radiopharmaceuticals i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- ¹⁸F Fluorodeoxyglucose `(¹⁸F Fluorodeoxyglucose - FDG)`
- Gallium-68 DOTATATE
- Gallium-68 PSMA `(Gallium-68 PSMA)`
- ¹⁸F PSMA `(¹⁸F PSMA)`
- ʻAiodine 123 `(ʻAiodine 123)`
No laila, palekana maoli anei kēia mau radiopharmaceuticals?
He nīnau kēia a ka poʻe he nui. Ke hoʻohana pono ʻia a mālama pono ʻia, palekana nā radiopharmaceuticals. E hana pū kāu radiologist a/a i ʻole radiation oncologist me kahi kauka lāʻau lapaʻau nuklea e hōʻoia i ka pololei a palekana o ka nui o ka radiopharmaceutical i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe . No laila, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai.
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki i ka radiation therapy ke hana i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao . Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o nā pilikia. E wehewehe kāu kauka i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao iā ʻoe ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau.
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā radiopharmaceuticals no nā makahiki he ʻumi i ke kiʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nukelea, ua hoʻomaka wale nei lākou e hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi kanesa. Ke aʻo nei nā kānaka noiʻi pehea e kuhikuhi ai kēia mau lāʻau radioactive a pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa. Inā makemake ʻoe e aʻo e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau o nā radiopharmaceuticals no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Hauʻoli lākou e kōkua iā ʻoe.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo
ʻAe, no laila, mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, eia nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo:
- He ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā nā Radiopharmaceuticals i kāohi ʻia ka radioactivity .
- Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau mea no nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi diagnostic (e like me nā scan PET, nā scan iwi) a no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻi kanesa .
- I ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻailona, hana kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he "Radiotracers", "e kuhikuhi ana" i nā wahi o ke kino kahi i loaʻa ai nā pilikia.
- I nā lāʻau lapaʻau, kōkua kēia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa .
- Palekana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā pono ʻana o ke kauka . E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, aia paha nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pono ma mua o lākou.
- Ke holomua nei kēia kahua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, a nui aku nā hoʻomohala e hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e lohe ai ʻoe e pili ana i kahi "(Radiopharmaceutical)", ua ʻoi aku kou maopopo i ke ʻano o ia mea a me kāna mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai, ʻeā? Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu, mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka.
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau radio, lāʻau lapaʻau nukelea, mālama ʻana i ke kanesa, nā scan, ka lāʻau lapaʻau radiation, ka ʻike ʻana
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