Nā wahi ʻeleʻele i kou ʻike? Nā mea āpau e pili ana iā Scotoma ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi!

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka wā e nānā ai ʻoe i kekahi mea, ʻike koke ʻoe i kahi kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole kekahi manawa he wahi liʻiliʻi palalulu ma waenakonu o kāu mea e ʻike ai? ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i nānā nui iā ia. Eia naʻe, hiki i kēia mau mea ke lilo i hōʻailona o kahi pilikia me ko mākou ʻike maka. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā, kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Scotoma . ʻAʻohe mea e makaʻu ai, e hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou i kēia.

He aha ʻo Scotoma? E ʻike kākou me ka maʻalahi!

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka scotoma kahi kūlana kahi i loaʻa ai iā mākou kahi wahi ʻeleʻele i loko o kā mākou kahua ʻike maʻamau, a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o kā mākou kahua ʻike i ʻike ʻole ʻia. E noʻonoʻo e like me kahi leka a ʻelua paha e palalulu ʻia ke heluhelu ʻoe i kahi nūpepa, a i ʻole kahi wahi e ʻike ʻia ana he palalulu ke nānā ʻoe i ke TV. ʻO ia ke ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hana ʻia kēia ma ka maka hoʻokahi, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke hana ʻia ma nā maka ʻelua.

ʻO kēia ka huaʻōlelo Helene no ka 'pōʻeleʻele'. No laila, ʻo ka mea e hana ʻia ma kēia, ʻo ia ka hana pono ʻole o nā aʻalolo ma ka ʻāpana o ko kākou maka i kapa ʻia ʻo 'retina' , a i ʻole 'optic nerve' e lawe ana i nā leka mai laila a i ka lolo. A laila, ʻaʻole hele nā ​​​​leka mai kēlā ʻāpana a i ka lolo, no laila ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i kēlā ʻāpana, e like me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele. I kekahi manawa hiki ke lilo kēia i mea manawa pōkole, i kekahi manawa hiki ke mau loa. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano me nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ke aʻalolo optic a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka lolo.

Pehea kākou e ʻike ai i nā mea? E hoʻomaopopo iki kākou.

I mea e maopopo ai i ka scotoma, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo wale ʻana i ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i nā mea. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e nānā ana ʻoe i kahi pua nani.

1. Hoʻomālamalama ʻia ke kukui mai kēlā pua mai a hiki i kou maka.

2. Ke komo ka mālamalama i loko o ka maka, hāʻule ia ma luna o kahi ʻāpana e like me ka pale o ke kua o ka maka i kapa ʻia ʻo ka retina . Loaʻa i ka retina nā miliona o nā keena i ʻike i ka mālamalama.

3. Hoʻololi kēia mau pūnaewele i ka mālamalama i mau hōʻailona uila, e like me ke sensor i loko o kahi kāmela.

4. A laila, lawe ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona uila i ka lolo e kahi aʻalolo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo ke aʻalolo optic .

5. ʻO ka lolo ka mea e kālailai i kēia mau hōʻailona a hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoe, "Auē, he pua ʻulaʻula nani kēia."

Ua maopopo iā ʻoe i kēia manawa? No laila, inā he kīnā a hōʻino paha i ka retina, ke aʻalolo optic, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka ʻike, ʻaʻole e holo pono kēlā leka. ʻO ia ka manawa e kū mai ai nā pilikia ʻike e like me ka scotoma.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano scotoma?

ʻAe, aia nā ʻano scotoma like ʻole. Kapa pū kekahi poʻe iā lākou he "scotomata" (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi). Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka wahi ʻeleʻele, a i kekahi manawa ma muli o ke kala āu e ʻike ai (e.g. "xanthic scotoma" - ʻike ʻana i kahi wahi melemele).

ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ka scotoma 'maikaʻi' a me ka scotoma 'maikaʻi ʻole'ʻElua ʻano o ka glaucoma. I ka 'maikaʻi' hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maoli i kahi mea, e like me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele, e like me ke kala. Akā i ka 'maikaʻi ʻole' ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike he wahi ʻeleʻele kou. ʻIke wale ʻia ia ke nānā ke kauka i kou mau maka. He mea nui hoʻi e ʻike inā aia i hoʻokahi maka ('unilateral` a i ʻole `monocular`) a i ʻole i nā maka ʻelua (`bilateral` a i ʻole `binocular`).

Eia kekahi o nā ʻano nui:

1. Scotoma Waena

ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma kēia hihia, ʻo ia ka wahi ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole ka blurriness, aia ma waenakonu o ka mea āu e nānā nei. No kekahi poʻe, ua like ia me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele pololei. No kekahi poʻe, ua like ia me ka ʻike ʻia ke nānā pololei ʻoe i mua, akā ʻaʻole maopopo ka waena, me he mea lā he blurry. E noʻonoʻo i ka wā e nānā ai ʻoe i ka maka o kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike wale i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ko lākou ihu. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo 'Central Scotoma'.

2. ʻO Scotoma ʻālohilohi

He ʻano ʻokoʻa iki kēia. Me he ʻano wili, ʻālohilohi, a ʻālohilohi hoʻi. I kekahi manawa hele ia mai ka mālamalama a i ka pouli, a laila hoʻi hou i ka mālamalama. Hana ʻia kēia e kahi hewa pōkole i nā hōʻailona uila o ka lolo. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā migraines me ka aura , ua loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 'scintillating scotoma.' ʻAʻole lōʻihi kēia mau mea a nalowale ma hope o kekahi manawa. ʻIke kekahi poʻe i kēia mau ʻano ʻālohilohi ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka migraine headache.

3. ʻO ka Scotoma Paracentral

I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pololei ka wahi ʻeleʻele ma waenakonu o ka mea āu e nānā nei, akā he wahi iki ma ka ʻaoʻao . Wahi a nā kauka, aia ia ma loko o 10 degere o ke kiko āu e nānā nei. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ma mua o hoʻokahi 'Paracentral Scotoma' e like me kēia.

4. ʻO ka Scotoma Junctional

Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e hōʻino ʻia ai kahi e pili ai ko kākou aʻalolo optic (`optic nerve`) a me ka optic chiasm (`optic chiasm`) . ʻO kēia `optic chiasm` he wahi ʻano 'X' kokoke i ke kumu o ka lolo, kahi e komo ai ke aʻalolo optic i ka lolo. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻololi ai kekahi o nā olonā e puka mai ana mai nā aʻalolo optic o nā maka. No laila, inā he hōʻino ma ʻaneʻi, loaʻa kahi ʻano kikoʻī o ka hemahema o ka ʻike.

I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo maʻamau o kēia mau ʻano? E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo nā kauka wale nō ke hiki ke ʻike pololei i kēia mau mea.

Loaʻa kēia scotoma i nā kānaka a pau?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he wahi makapō maoli ko kākou a pau i loko o ko kākou mau maka . ʻO ia kahi e hele ai ke aʻalolo optic ma o ka retina a i ka lolo. ʻAʻohe mau pūnaewele ʻike mālamalama ma ia wahi. Akā, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike pinepine iā ia. ʻIke ʻoe i ke aha? He akamai loa ko kākou lolo , e hoʻopiha ana i kēlā hakahaka a hāʻawi mai iā kākou i kahi kiʻi piha. A ua kaulike ʻia e ka ʻike mai ka maka ʻē aʻe.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka scotoma a mākou e kamaʻilio nei mai ka wahi ʻeleʻele maoli, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi ʻano maʻi. No laila, ʻaʻole no nā kānaka a pau, loaʻa ia no kekahi mau kumu.

Inā he scotoma kou, he aha nā hōʻailona āu e ʻike ai?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka scotoma mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka, a hiki ke ʻokoʻa hoʻi ma muli o ke ʻano. Eia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Me he mea lā ua ālai ʻia a ua hoʻopāpā ʻia paha kekahi ʻāpana o ke kiʻi āu e nānā nei. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he wahi ʻeleʻele, he wahi hina, a he hakahaka paha.
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi mau kala. Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka ʻulaʻula he ʻeleʻele.
• Pono ka mālamalama ʻālohilohi loa e ʻike maikaʻi ai. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka ʻike ʻana ma nā wahi pouli.
• I kekahi manawa e ʻike paha ʻoe i nā mea liʻiliʻi e lana ana i mua o kou mau maka ('eye floaters') a i ʻole e ʻike i nā kukui uila.

Mea nui: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike koke ʻana i ke kauka maka a hoʻāʻo iā lākou, no ka mea, he mau hōʻailona mua paha kēia o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi.

He aha ke kumu o ka scotoma?

ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻokahi o ka scotoma, akā he nui. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mau pilikia me kou retina, lolo, a i ʻole ke aʻalolo optic. Eia kekahi o nā kumu nui:

• Kanesa : Kanesa o ka lolo a i ʻole nā ​​maka.
• ʻO ka Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : He maʻi kēia e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻōnaehana nerve.
• Ka hōʻino ʻana i ka retina : No ka laʻana, nā ʻeha i hana ʻia e kahi mea e pā ana i ka maka, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​wela retinal.
• Glaucoma : ʻO kēia ka wā e piʻi ai ke kaomi i loko o ka maka a hōʻino i ke aʻalolo optic.
• Hahau : Ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola o ka lolo ma muli o ke kū ʻana o ke kahe koko i ka lolo.
• ʻO ka Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) : He kūlana kēia e hōʻino ai ka ʻike waena o ka maka.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes : Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko i loko o nā maka.
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau .

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i nā kumu kikoʻī o nā ʻano scotoma i kūkākūkā ʻia.

Nā kumu o ka Scotoma Waena

ʻO kēia kūlana kahi hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kikowaena pololei o ka mea āu e nānā nei hiki ke hana ʻia e:

• ʻO kēlā macular degeneration i ʻōlelo mua ʻia.
• ʻO nā hahau ʻana , ʻoiai nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e kaohi ana i ka ʻike.
• Nā puʻupuʻu lolo .
• Nā ʻōpala mai nā ʻeha o ka maka .
• ʻEha ʻeha o ka lolo (TBI)

Nā kumu o ka Junctional Scotoma

ʻO kēia scotoma, kahi e kū nei ma ka hui ʻana o ke aʻalolo optic a me ka optic chiasm, hiki ke hana ʻia e:

• Nā puʻupuʻu o ke kelepa pituitary : Aia kēia kelepa kokoke loa i ka optic chiasm.
• ʻO nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana , craniopharyngioma .
• ʻO nā aneurysms ka wā e nāwaliwali ai nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko a puʻupuʻu e like me ka pōpō.
• ʻO kekahi mau maʻi, no ka laʻana syphilis a me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu .
• ʻO nā kūlana demyelinating, e like me ka sclerosis maha, hōʻino i ka ʻūpā myelin a puni nā aʻalolo.

Nā kumu o ka Paracentral Scotoma

ʻO kēia mau wahi ʻeleʻele e ʻike iki ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kikowaena o ka ʻike ʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia e:

• Glaucoma : I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa kahi scotoma paracentral arcuate.
• ʻO ka retinopathy e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes .
• ʻO nā haehae retinal a me nā kaʻawale retinal .

Nā kumu o ka Scotoma Scintillating

ʻO nā Scotomas, i ʻike ʻia he mau ʻano ʻālohilohi a nalu, hiki ke hana ʻia e:

• ʻO ke poʻo ʻeha o ka migraine , ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻeha ʻeha e hele mai me ka ʻole o kahi 'aura'.
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe (Ke koko kiʻekiʻe - Hypertension) .
• Nā loli i nā pae hormone .
• Kekahi mau pilikia me ke kaʻina hana coagulation koko ('Coagulation disorders').
• Retinitis Pigmentosa : He hui kēia o nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka retina, e hoʻoulu ai i ka nalowale mālie o ka ʻike.
• ʻO ka retinopathy e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai .

E noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa o kēia mau kumu. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli iki i kou ʻike.

Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kahi scotoma?

Inā kānalua ʻoe he scotoma kou, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kahi kauka maka. E nīnau ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a inā paha he mau pilikia maka ko kekahi o kou ʻohana (mōʻaukala olakino). Ma hope o kēlā, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua aʻe:

• Hoʻokolokolo maka piha : He hoʻokolohua ʻeha ʻole kēia. Pili ia i ka nānā ʻana i kou ʻike a me ke olakino o kou mau maka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Hoʻokomo pū kēia i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i kou mau maka a me ka ʻae ʻana iā ʻoe e heluhelu i nā leka.
• Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kahua ʻike makaHe ʻano hoʻāʻo kūikawā kēia. Pili ia i ka mālama ʻana i kou mau maka ma kahi hoʻokahi a me ke ana ʻana i ka mamao e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike a puni ʻoe a pehea ka naʻau o kou ʻike ʻana ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kāu kahua ʻike. Pono paha ʻoe e noho i mua o kahi mīkini e nīnau iā ʻoe inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kukui liʻiliʻi. Penei e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike pololei i kahi o kēlā mau wahi ʻeleʻele.
• ʻO ka Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : He ʻano hana kiʻi intraocular ʻaʻohe ʻeha kēia. Ua like ia me ka scan. Lawe ia i nā kiʻi cross-sectional o nā papa o ka retina a me ke aʻalolo optic. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻike inā he pōʻino a pehu paha.

Ma hope o kēia mau hoʻokolohua, inā manaʻo ke kauka ua hana ʻia ka scotoma e kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe (e like me ka maʻi diabetes, glaucoma, puʻupuʻu lolo), hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe (e like me nā hoʻokolohua koko, MRI scan).

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ʻo Scotoma?

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi scotoma e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana kumu i hoʻokumu ai . No ka laʻana, inā i hoʻokumu ʻia ka scotoma e ka glaucoma, hiki ke kāohi ʻia ma ka mālama ʻana i ka glaucoma (nā kulu maka, ka mālama laser, a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana). Pēlā nō, i nā kūlana e like me ka macular degeneration, ka hahau ʻana, a i ʻole ke kanesa, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana kumu ka mea nui loa.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono kekahi mau scotoma i ka mālama kūikawā . No ka laʻana, inā hele mai ka scotoma scintillating a mākou i kamaʻilio ai me ka migraine, i kekahi manawa nalo ia ma hope o ka hiamoe iki, ka hoʻomaha, a me ka inu wai.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā scotomas e like me kēia me ka migraines, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau hōʻoluʻolu ʻeha, nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e like me triptans , a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau anti-seizure e kōkua i ka kaohi ʻana i kāu migraines.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke ʻike ʻana i ke kauka, e ʻike i ke kumu pololei, a e loaʻa i ka lāʻau kūpono, ma mua o ka mālama ponoʻī ʻana.

Aia kekahi ala e pale aku ai i kēia scotoma mai ka hana ʻana?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ala e pale loa ai i ka scotoma mai ka hanana ʻana i kekahi mau hihia. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kekahi mau kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu genetic.

Eia nō naʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka kaohi ʻana i kekahi mau kūlana kumu e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka scotoma. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka migraines , ʻo ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke alapine o ka migraines hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hanana o nā scotomas pili.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes , he mea nui loa ia e kaohi i kou pae kō koko e pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻana i kou mau maka i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi diabetes.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke koko kiʻekiʻe (hypertension) , pono ʻoe e kaohi i kēlā.
• He mea nui loa hoʻi ka hoʻokolokolo maka mau ʻana . ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia nā maʻi e like me ka glaucoma i ka wā mua.
• He mea maikaʻi ka hahai ʻana i kahi nohona olakino (ʻai pono, hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka pale ʻana i ka puhipaka) no ke olakino o nā maka ma ke ʻano laulā, a no ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ko kākou mau maka ka mea maikaʻi loa hiki iā kākou ke hana.

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi scotoma? He aha nā manaʻolana no ka wā e hiki mai ana?

ʻO ka hopena o ka scotoma, inā e maikaʻi aʻe, e noho like, a i ʻole e ʻoi aku ka ʻino , hilinaʻi ia i kona kumu .

• He manawa pōkole kekahi mau wahi ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi laʻana, ke pau ka migraine, a i ʻole ke hoʻi ke koko i ka maʻamau, nalowale ka scotoma pili.
• Eia nō naʻe, inā i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi scotoma e kekahi maʻi olakino ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole paha e nalowale a i ʻole e nui aʻe i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā scotomas i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka glaucoma i mālama ʻole ʻia a i ʻole ka macular degeneration e nui mālie aʻe paha.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka scotoma, ʻoiai ke kikowaena scotoma a mākou i kamaʻilio ai, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kou hiki ke heluhelu a hoʻokele . No ka mea, he paʻakikī ke hana i kēlā mau mea ke ʻike ʻole ʻoe i ke kikowaena o kekahi mea.

Inā pēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā mea kōkua ʻike haʻahaʻa . ʻO kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻomālamalama kūpono
• Nā mea hoʻonui no ka heluhelu ʻana
• Nā lako e hiki ke heluhelu iā ʻoe

Hiki i nā hana e like me kēia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokō i kāu mau hana o kēlā me kēia lā.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi scotoma? He aha nā pilikia?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou ʻike a i ʻole ka ʻino ʻana o kāu mau hōʻailona , ​​e ʻike koke i ke kauka. Mai hoʻokaʻulua.

Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa koke kēia mau hōʻailona me ka scotoma, he pilikia paha ia. E kelepona koke i ka 911, a i ʻole e hele i ka lumi pilikia o ka haukapila kokoke loa:

• He ʻeha poʻo nui e hoʻomaka koke ana.
• Nā pilikia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana.
• ʻO ka maneʻo i kou mau lālā a i ʻole kou maka.
• Ka luaʻi.
• Nā ʻālohilohi o ke kukui a me nā mea lana i mua o nā maka, me ke aka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole kahi ʻeleʻele. He mau hōʻailona kēia o ka hemo ʻana o ka retina.ʻO nā hōʻailona paha: ʻO ka haehae a i ʻole ka hemo ʻana o ka retina he mea ʻeha ʻole ia, akā he pilikia ia e pono ai ka mālama koke ʻia!

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana i kēia mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino mau loa ʻana o ka hihiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe, no laila he mea nui e hana koke.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe i kamaʻāina i ka huaʻōlelo 'scotoma' e like me ka huaʻōlelo 'blind spot', akā like ke ʻano o lāua ʻelua. Hiki i ka scotoma ke lilo i hihiʻo āu e ʻike ai i ka wā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike, a i ʻole he nalowale paha ka ʻike ke makemake ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mea. ʻAʻole ʻike kekahi poʻe me nā scotomas ua loaʻa iā lākou.

E like me nā kūlana olakino āpau, he mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou ʻike . I kekahi manawa he mea liʻiliʻi paha kēia, akā i kekahi manawa he hōʻailona mua ia o kahi mea koʻikoʻi.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i nā pilikia ʻike nui, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā mea e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe (e laʻa, nā hui kākoʻo, nā mea kōkua ʻike haʻahaʻa). He waiwai nui kou mau maka, no laila ʻo kou kuleana ke mālama iā lākou. Ua maopopo iā ʻoe? Mai hopohopo, hiki ke kūkākūkā ʻia nā mea āpau me kāu kauka a hiki ke loaʻa kahi hopena.

ʻO Scotoma, kiko ʻeleʻele, ʻike maka, nā maʻi maka, retina, aʻalolo optic, glaucoma, migraine, hoʻokolokolo maka