Leej twg yog tus kws kho mob ntshav? Cia peb kawm txog qhov no!

Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog tus kws kho mob ntshav ( hematologist )? Tej zaum koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg yuav xa koj mus ntsib tus kws tshwj xeeb zoo li no. Thaum koj hnov ​​​​​​qhov ntawd, qee tus neeg ntshai thiab ntxhov siab me ntsis, xav tias, "Auj, kuv tsis paub tias kuv puas muaj kab mob loj." Tab sis tus kws kho mob ntshav (Hematologist) puas yog ib tus neeg uas ib txwm saib cov kab mob loj xws li mob qog noj ntshav? Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no kom meej.

Leej twg yog tus '(kws kho mob ntshav)' no? Yog xav kom meej meej...

Hais yooj yim xwb, "Tus kws kho mob ntshav" yog ib tus kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob ntsig txog peb cov ntshav, pob txha, thiab cov lymphatic system . Qhov no yog lwm qhov kev tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw dav dua ntawm kev kho mob hu ua "Kev kho mob sab hauv." Ib yam li muaj cov kws kho mob sib cais uas tshwj xeeb hauv ntau lub cev sib txawv hauv peb lub cev, qhov no yog tus kws tshwj xeeb rau txhua yam ntsig txog ntshav.

Tus kws kho mob ntshav (Hematologist) ua dab tsi?

Cov kws tshwj xeeb no pab kuaj mob, kho mob, thiab tswj ntau yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau peb cov qe ntshav. Qee cov kab mob ntshav no tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob tsis muaj teeb meem, txhais tau tias lawv tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav. Qee cov kuj tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob phem.

Xav txog nws, qee cov kab mob ntshav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam peb cov ntshav ncig, piv txwv li, cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qee cov kab mob lwm yam kuj tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav ntau dua li qub. Txawm hais tias cov kab mob ntsig txog ntshav thiab mob qog ntshav no qee zaum qhia cov tsos mob me me, qee qhov yog cov mob hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog vim li cas kev pab ntawm tus kws tshwj xeeb zoo li no yog qhov tsim nyog.

Tus kws kho mob ntshav (Hematologist) thiab tus kws kho mob qog nqaij hlav (Oncologist) puas yog tib yam?

Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug uas ntau tus neeg muaj. Tsis yog, ob tug no tsis yog tib tus neeg tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, tus "Hematologist" kuj tuaj yeem yog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb "Oncologist"

Hais yooj yim xwb:

• Ib tug kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog mob qog noj ntshav (`( Tus kws kho mob qog nqaij hlav yog ib tus neeg uas kuaj mob thiab kho txhua hom mob qog nqaij hlav.
• Tus kws kho mob ntshav tsom mus rau cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau peb cov ntshav thiab cov qhov ntawm lub cev uas pab tsim cov ntshav (xws li cov pob txha thiab cov lymphatic system).

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ob qho chaw no. Vim tias feem ntau cov mob qog ntshav pib hauv cov qe ntshav hauv peb cov pob txha thiab cov lymphatic system, qee tus kws kho mob muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb hauv ob qho chaw no (`(Hematology/Oncology)`).

Puas yog mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav txhais tau tias koj muaj mob qog noj ntshav?

Tsis yog, tsis yog li ntawd!Qhov no yog ib yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Tsuas yog vim koj tau raug xa mus rau tus kws kho mob ntshav tsis tau txhais hais tias koj muaj mob qog noj ntshav .

Cov kws kho mob ntshav kho txhua yam kab mob ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob tsev neeg yuav xa koj mus rau kws kho mob ntshav yog tias koj muaj cov txiaj ntsig kuaj ntshav txawv txawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj kev hloov pauv hauv koj cov qe ntshav lossis cov qib coagulation. Nco ntsoov tias cov txiaj ntsig kuaj ntshav yooj yim no tsis yog ib txwm yog ib qho cim ntawm kev mob hnyav.

Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob Hematologist?

Koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav xa koj mus rau tus kws kho mob ntshav yog tias lawv xav tias koj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav xav tau kev qhia ntxiv los ntawm kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim xwb tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom tias muaj mob hnyav. Qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj xav tau kev kuaj ntxiv thiab kev qhia ntxiv los ntawm kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Cov kab mob ntshav feem ntau yog dab tsi?

Ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm peb lub cev. Xav txog nws:

• Cov qe ntshav liab nqa cov pa oxygen mus rau cov nqaij ntawm peb lub cev thiab muab zog.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov kab mob.
• Cov ntshav platelets pab txo thiab tsis txhob los ntshav.
• Cov ntshav yog cov kua uas tuav cov qe ntshav no ua ke.

Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj teeb meem ntshav, nws txhais tau tias ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm koj cov ntshav tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Qee cov teeb meem ntshav tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.

Cov kab mob/mob ntshav uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav (Benign)

Cov no tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav, tab sis yog cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav. Cia peb saib qee qhov piv txwv:

• Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus : Qhov no tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj cov qe ntshav liab txaus los nqa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev. Muaj ntau hom kab mob ntshav tsis txaus, tab sis hom uas pom ntau tshaj plaws yog kab mob ntshav tsis txaus hlau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau koj nkees txhua lub sijhawm thiab tej zaum yuav kiv taub hau.
• Kab mob Von Willebrand : Qhov no yog kab mob los ntshav uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
• Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus (Hemophilia) : Qhov no yog ib qho kab mob ntshav uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntshav kom khov. Txawm tias qhov raug mob me me tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav ntau heev.
• Kab mob ntshav liab (`(Sickle cell anemia)`)Qhov no kuj yog ib yam kab mob uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Hauv qhov no, cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hloov pauv, zoo li ib rab sickle.
• Thalassemia : Thalassemia kuj yog ib qho kab mob ntshav uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Nws cuam tshuam rau lub cev lub peev xwm los tsim hemoglobin thiab cov qe ntshav liab noj qab haus huv.

Cov hom mob qog ntshav uas pom ntau

Muaj ntau hom mob qog ntshav. Raws li Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, peb hom mob qog ntshav uas feem ntau pom yog:

• Kab mob ntshav dawb (Leukemia) : Qhov no yog kab mob ntshav uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws kuj yog hom kab mob ntshav uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Qhov xov xwm zoo yog tias tus nqi ciaj sia nyob tsib xyoos rau cov neeg uas rov zoo los ntawm tus kab mob no tau nce plaub npaug hauv 40 xyoo dhau los.
• Lymphoma : Lymphoma yog ib hom mob qog ntawm koj lub cev lymphatic. Tus nqi ciaj sia rau cov neeg uas rov zoo los ntawm tus kab mob no tau nce ob npaug hauv 40 xyoo dhau los.
• Mob qog nqaij hlav myeloma : Mob qog nqaij hlav myeloma yog ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav uas pib hauv koj cov pob txha thiab cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb ntshav. Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov neeg uas kuaj pom tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav myeloma yuav muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos tom qab kuaj pom.

Muaj ntau lwm hom kab mob qog ntshav no.

Yuav tsum muaj kev kawm dab tsi thiaj li ua tau ib tug "Hematologist"?

Txhua tus kws kho mob yuav tsum kawm plaub xyoos hauv tsev kawm ntawv kho mob kom tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab. Yuav kom dhau los ua "Hematologist", koj yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv:

• Peb xyoos ntawm kev cob qhia nyob (`(Residency)`) : Qhov no yog kev cob qhia kho mob tom qab kawm tiav. Kev cob qhia no yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg mob. Feem ntau cov kws kho mob `(Hematologist)` ua tiav qhov kev cob qhia nyob no hauv `(Internal Medicine)` lossis `(Pediatrics`.
• Kev Kawm Txuj Ci: Qhov no yog lub sijhawm peb txog tsib xyoos ntawm kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kho mob. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov kws kho mob tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb hauv Hematology, lossis cov kab mob ntshav. Qee tus kws kho mob kuj ua kev cob qhia Oncology nrog rau Hematology.

Hom Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Tshwj Xeeb Txog Kab Mob Ntshav

Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem tshwj xeeb hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm daim teb "Hematology":

• Kws Tshwj Xeeb Txog Kab Mob Ntshav Rau Cov Neeg Laus : Qhov kev cob qhia no yuav pab koj kho cov kab mob ntshav, cov kab mob pob txha, thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov lymphatic system uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg laus.
• Kev kawm txog ntshav hauv menyuam yaus : Raws li lub npe qhia, qhov kev cob qhia no yog los kho cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob ntshav.
• Kws Tshwj Xeeb Txog Kev Ntshav Txhaws (`(Coagulation)`) : Lub chaw haujlwm no tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau kev txhaws ntshav.
• Kws tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob ntshav thiab mob qog ntshav (`(Hematology/oncology)`) : Qhov kev cob qhia no ua rau koj tsim nyog kho cov kab mob ntshav thiab mob qog ntshav.

Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb no, cov kws kho mob tsim nyog tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm American Board of Internal Medicine. (Cov kws kho mob ntshav menyuam yaus tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm American Board of Pediatrics.) Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xeem dhau United States Medical Licensing Examination thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los ntawm lub xeev uas lawv ua haujlwm. Hauv Sri Lanka, cov kws tshwj xeeb tau tsim los ntawm ib lub kaw lus zoo sib xws.

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav (Hematologist) koj yuav tsum xav li cas?

Koj mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav vim tias koj cov kev kuaj ntshav qhia txog qee yam ntsig txog koj cov qe ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob ntshav kuj tseem yuav pom zoo kom kuaj ntxiv kom paub ntau ntxiv txog koj cov ntshav. Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav ua cov hauv qab no:

• Nug txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho .
• Nug txog cov kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv koj lub cev thiab cov tsos mob (uas tej zaum yuav yog cov cim qhia txog kab mob ntshav).
• Kuv yuav nrog koj saib koj cov ntshav kuaj .
• Nws piav qhia txog qhov nws xav tias yog qhov laj thawj rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawd.
• Lawv yuav tham txog lwm yam kev kuaj mob uas koj yuav xav tau .
• Yog tias nws kuaj tau tus kab mob, nws yuav piav qhia txog tus kab mob thiab pom zoo kom kho .

Cov kev kuaj ntshav twg feem ntau yog dab tsi?

Peb cov ntshav muaj ntau yam khoom sib xyaw. Cov kws kho mob yuav kuaj cov ntshav tag nrho, lossis lawv yuav kuaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav sib cais. Nov yog qee qhov kev kuaj mob uas tus kws kho mob ntshav yuav hais kom kuaj mob ntshav lossis mob qog ntshav:

• Kev suav cov ntshav tag nrho (CBC) : Qhov no yog kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim. Nws suav koj cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets.
• Kev kuaj ntshav sib txawv : Qhov no xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg hom qe ntshav dawb. Qhov no ua tau tib lub sijhawm nrog rau kev kuaj CBC.
• Kev kuaj lub sijhawm Prothrombin (PTT) : Qhov no ntsuas seb koj cov ntshav txhaws sai npaum li cas.
• Reticulocyte suav : Qhov no ntsuas tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hluas, tsis paub tab (reticulocytes) hauv koj cov ntshav.
• Kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab nraud (PBS) : Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov kws kho mob kuaj koj cov qe ntshav liab thiab dawb thiab cov platelets hauv qab lub tshuab microscope.

Cov kev kuaj ntshav rau mob qog noj ntshav yog dab tsi?

Kev kuaj ntshav rau mob qog noj ntshav tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej uas cov kws kho mob siv los kuaj mob thiab tswj mob qog noj ntshav. Tus kws kho mob ntshav yuav siv kev kuaj ntshav los:

• Xyuas koj cov ntshav seb puas muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov protein uas qhia tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav.
• Tshawb xyuas cov qib ntshav .
• Koj liSoj ntsuam tag nrho cov xwm txheej kev noj qab haus huv.

Yog koj muaj mob qog ntshav, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav ntxiv. Koj tus kws kho mob (kws kho mob ntshav) yuav siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj no los:

• Kev ntsuas theem mob qog noj ntshav pab txiav txim siab seb mob qog noj ntshav yuav theem twg . Thaum cov kws kho mob ntsuas theem mob qog noj ntshav, lawv saib qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub qog. Lawv siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawd los tso tus mob qog noj ntshav rau hauv ib pawg tshwj xeeb, lossis theem, uas muaj cov lej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv sau. Kev ntsuas theem mob qog noj ntshav teeb tsa theem rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.
• Txiav txim siab txog cov kev xaiv kho mob qog noj ntshav .
• Nws tshuaj xyuas seb tus kab mob puas zoo dua lossis phem dua raws sijhawm thiab/lossis nrog kev kho mob.
• Txheeb xyuas seb tus mob qog noj ntshav puas tau rov qab los (`(rov tshwm sim dua)`) .

Kuv yuav tsum nug kuv tus kws kho mob ntshav li cas?

Koj mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav vim tias kev kuaj ntshav tau qhia tias muaj qee yam tsis raug nrog koj cov ntshav. Yog li koj muaj ntau cov lus nug. Nov yog qee cov lus nug uas koj tuaj yeem xav txog:

• Kuv cov ntshav kuaj qhia tau dab tsi?
• Cov txiaj ntsig ntawd txhais li cas?
• Kuv qhov teeb meem yog li cas?
• Qhov teeb meem no puas loj heev?
• Vim li cas ho muaj qhov teeb meem no?
• Kuv yuav tsum saib xyuas cov tsos mob twg?
• Yog tias kuv pom cov tsos mob ntawd, kuv yuav tsum ua li cas?
• Kuv puas yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav ntxiv lossis lwm yam kev kuaj?
• Koj vam tias yuav pom dab tsi los ntawm cov kev sim no?
• Kuv yuav tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem thaum twg?
• Kuv puas yuav tau kuaj ntxiv tom qab?
• Koj xav kom kuv kho li cas? Vim li cas?
• Kuv yuav pib kho mob thaum twg? Nws yuav kav ntev npaum li cas?
• Kuv yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog cov tshuaj uas koj tab tom sau ntawv rau?
• Puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo?
• Cov kev pheej hmoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob no yog dab tsi?
• Puas muaj lwm txoj kev kho mob?

Koj tab tom mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav vim tias cov kev kuaj pom tias koj cov qe ntshav, pob txha, lossis cov kua qaub tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tej zaum koj yuav ntxhov siab thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev mob ntshav, suav nrog mob qog ntshav. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog koj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj, nug koj tus kws kho mob ntshav txog lawv thiab nws ua dab tsi kom paub tias yog dab tsi ua rau lawv. Nws yuav zoo siab teb koj cov lus nug thiab piav qhia seb yuav ua li cas tom ntej. Tsis txhob ntshai nug txhua yam uas los rau hauv koj lub siab. Nws yog koj txoj cai.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Ib tug "kws kho mob ntshav" yog ib tug kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob ntsig txog cov ntshav, txij li ntshav tsis txaus mus txog rau mob qog ntshav. Kev raug xa mus rau "kws kho mob ntshav" tsis tau txhais hais tias koj muaj mob qog ntshav tas li. Feem ntau, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim yuav raug piav qhia ntxiv.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob thiab nug txhua yam lus nug uas koj muaj. Kev nkag siab zoo txog koj tus mob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev vam meej ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai, nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas koj xav tau.

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