Koj puas tau nres ib pliag xav txog seb koj pob ntseg zoo kawg nkaus li cas? Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob sab ntawm koj lub taub hau xwb; lawv yog cov kabmob uas muaj zog heev uas tsim los pab koj hnov thiab tswj koj lub cev kom sib npaug. Cia peb saib ze dua seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas thiab koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv pob ntseg li cas.
Lub Pob Ntseg Ua Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb Yog Dab Tsi? Tej Zaum Koj Yuav Xav Tsis Thoob!
Koj pob ntseg muaj ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb: hnov lus thiab tswj koj qhov sib npaug . Ob qho tib si yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua neej nyob txhua hnub kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob.
Kev Mloog Lus Ua Haujlwm Li Cas Tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, ntawm no yog li cas lub suab mus los ntawm koj lub pob ntseg:
1. Cov nthwv suab nkag mus rau hauv koj lub pob ntseg sab nraud, mus rau hauv lub qhov pob ntseg, thiab ntaus koj lub pob ntseg (tympanic membrane) , ua rau nws co.
2. Cov kev co no raug xa mus rau peb lub pob txha me me hauv koj lub pob ntseg nruab nrab, hu ua cov pob txha ossicles . Cov pob txha zoo kawg no ua rau cov suab nrov nrov thiab xa lawv mus tob dua rau hauv koj lub pob ntseg sab hauv.
3. Hauv pob ntseg sab hauv, cov hlwb tshwj xeeb uas muaj kua dej thiab me me, zoo li plaub hau hu ua stereocilia ntes cov kev co no. Lawv hloov cov suab nrov mus ua cov teeb liab hluav taws xob.
4. Thaum kawg, cov teeb liab hluav taws xob no mus raws koj lub paj hlwb pob ntseg mus rau koj lub hlwb, uas txhais cov suab ntawd mus ua cov suab uas koj paub. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem ceev thiab meej heev!
Koj Pob Ntseg Tswj Koj Qhov Sib Npaug Li Cas?
Koj puas xav tias koj pob ntseg tsuas yog siv rau kev hnov lus xwb? Qhov tseeb, koj pob ntseg sab hauv kuj tseem ceeb ib yam li ntawd los pab koj kom koj sawv ruaj thiab sawv ntsug.
Hauv koj lub pob ntseg sab hauv muaj peb lub voj me me uas muaj kua hu ua cov kwj deg semicircular . Lawv muaj cov khoom siv hnov zoo li cov plaub hau. Thaum koj tig, tig, lossis txav koj lub taub hau, cov kua hauv cov kwj deg no txav mus los, ua rau cov plaub hau me me nkhaus.
Qhov kev txav no tam sim ntawd txhais ua cov teeb liab hluav taws xob xa mus rau koj lub hlwb los ntawm cov hlab ntsha vestibular . Koj lub hlwb mam li sib koom tes nrog koj cov leeg kom ntseeg tau tias koj nyob ruaj khov. Txawm koj taug kev, khiav, lossis seev cev, koj pob ntseg ua haujlwm ntsiag to tom qab qhov xwm txheej kom koj ruaj khov!
Koj Lub Chaw Pab Hnov Lus Nyob Qhov Twg Tiag?
Txawm hais tias nws pom tseeb tias koj pob ntseg zaum ntawm ob sab ntawm koj lub taub hau, lawv cov qauv sab hauv tau teeb tsa zoo hauv qab lub hlwb temporal lobes . Qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no ntawm lub hlwb yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv hnov, kev hais lus, kev nco, thiab txawm tias qee yam kev xav.
Anatomy ntawm Pob Ntseg: Cia peb rhuav tshem nws
Yuav kom yooj yim to taub, peb tuaj yeem faib lub pob ntseg ua peb lub qhov tseem ceeb, zoo li cov chav hauv tsev:
1. Pob ntseg sab nraud (pob ntseg sab nraud)
2. Lub pob ntseg nruab nrab
3. Lub pob ntseg sab hauv
Koj lub pob ntseg (tympanic membrane) ua haujlwm ua lub txheej tiv thaiv cais koj lub pob ntseg sab nraud ntawm koj lub pob ntseg nruab nrab.
Pob Ntseg Sab Nraud (Pob Ntseg Sab Nraud) - Yam Koj Pom Sab Nraud
Lub pob ntseg sab nraud yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm sab ntawm koj lub taub hau. Nws muaj lub pob ntseg (lossis pinna) , uas yog ua los ntawm cov pob txha mos mos uas npog los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no kuj muaj cov qog uas tsim cov quav pob ntseg (cerumen) . Quav pob ntseg yog ib qho khoom tiv thaiv ntuj; nws ntes cov hmoov av, av qias neeg, thiab cov kab mob kom lawv tsis txhob nkag mus tob dua. Lub puab tsaig zoo li lub raj xa suab mus rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj ncaj qha mus rau koj lub qhov ncauj.
Pob Ntseg Nruab Nrab - Chav Ua Kom Muaj Suab Zoo
Nyob ze ntawm koj lub pob ntseg, pob ntseg nruab nrab yog ib lub qhov me me, puv nrog cua. Nws muaj peb lub pob txha me tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev: lub rauj (malleus) , lub pob zeb (incus) , thiab lub pob zeb (stapes).Cov kws kho mob hu cov pob txha no ua cov pob txha ossicles . Lawv ua haujlwm zoo li ib txoj saw hlau mos mos, txuas lub pob ntseg mus rau sab hauv pob ntseg, ua kom nrov dua thiab xa cov suab nrov.
Lub pob ntseg nruab nrab kuj muaj cov raj Eustachian , uas txuas lub chamber no rau tom qab ntawm koj lub caj pas. Thaum koj nqos, ntuav, lossis txham, cov raj no qhib ib pliag kom sib npaug lub zog cua hauv koj lub pob ntseg nruab nrab nrog rau ib puag ncig sab nraud. Koj puas tau hnov koj lub pob ntseg "poob" thaum lub sijhawm caij dav hlau lossis thaum tsav tsheb nce roob? Ntawd yog koj cov raj Eustachian ua haujlwm los sib npaug lub zog!
Lub Pob Ntseg Sab Hauv - Chav Uas Nyuaj Tshaj Plaws
Lub pob ntseg sab hauv yog lub cev uas nyuaj thiab mos tshaj plaws hauv pob ntseg. Nws muaj ob lub qauv loj:
- Lub Cochlea: Qhov no yog lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnov lus, zoo nkauj zoo li lub plhaub me me. Nws puv nrog cov kua dej thiab muaj ntau txhiab lub hlwb plaub hau me me (stereocilia), nws teb rau cov nthwv dej los ntawm kev txhais cov kev co ntawm cov kua dej mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob uas koj lub hlwb txhais ua suab.
- Cov Canals Semicircular: Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, peb lub voj voog no - feem ntau hu ua ib feem ntawm lub labyrinth - tau muab tso rau ntawm cov ces kaum sab xis rau ib leeg. Qhov kev teeb tsa chaw no tso cai rau lawv ntes tau kev txav mus los hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia, ua rau koj sawv ruaj khov.
Cov Mob Pob Ntseg Feem Ntau Uas Koj Yuav Tsum Paub Txog
Vim tias pob ntseg mos heev thiab nthuav tawm, nws yooj yim kis kab mob, raug mob, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Cia peb saib qee qhov teeb meem pob ntseg uas feem ntau tshwm sim.
Kab mob pob ntseg nruab nrab (Otitis Media)
Kab mob pob ntseg—tshwj xeeb yog kab mob pob ntseg nruab nrab, uas hu ua otitis media —yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim ntau heev rau cov menyuam yaus, txawm hais tias lawv kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg laus thiab. Feem ntau lawv tshwm sim tom qab mob khaub thuas lossis kab mob ua pa, thaum cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob mus rau hauv Eustachian tube thiab ntes cov kua dej hauv pob ntseg nruab nrab. Cov tsos mob suav nrog mob pob ntseg, kub taub hau, thiab hnov lus tsis meej . Nyob ntawm seb ua li cas, tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj tua kab mob. Rau cov kab mob ntev thiab rov tshwm sim, yuav pom zoo kom ua ib qho txheej txheem me me los ntxig cov raj me me ntawm pob ntseg (myringotomy raj) kom ntws cov kua dej.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Zoo ntawm Eustachian Tube (ETD)
Thaum cov raj Eustachian tsis qhib lossis kaw zoo, lawv tuaj yeem raug thaiv. Qhov mob no, hu ua Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) , tiv thaiv kev siab kom tsis txhob sib npaug hauv koj pob ntseg. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj tinnitus (lub suab nrov lossis suab nrov hauv pob ntseg), hnov lus tsis meej, xav tias puv lossis siab, lossis mob me ntsis . Cov ua rau mob feem ntau suav nrog mob khaub thuas, mob ntsws, thiab ua xua.
Pob Ntseg Ua Luam Dej (Otitis Externa)
Feem ntau hu ua "swimmer's ear" vim nws muaj ntau rau cov neeg ua luam dej ntau zaus, otitis externa yog kev kis kab mob ntawm lub qhov pob ntseg sab nraud. Nws tshwm sim thaum cov dej noo tseem nyob hauv pob ntseg, tsim ib puag ncig zoo rau cov kab mob lossis cov pwm loj hlob. Cov tsos mob suav nrog mob, khaus, liab, thiab qee zaum muaj cov kua ntshiab lossis daj . Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj khaus xws li tshuaj tsuag plaub hau, lossis cov kua muag me me hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub qhov pob ntseg los ntawm kev ntxig cov paj rwb lossis lwm yam khoom ntse.
Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb: Tsis txhob muab cov paj rwb, cov koob ntswj plaub hau, lossis lwm yam khoom ntse ntxig rau hauv koj lub qhov pob ntseg. Ua li ntawd tuaj yeem thawb cov quav hniav tob dua, ua rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub qhov pob ntseg raug mob, lossis txawm tias tawg koj lub qhov pob ntseg.
Pob Ntseg Pob Ntseg Tawg (Tympanic Membrane Perforation)
Ib qho kua muag lossis qhov hauv daim nyias nyias tympanic hu ua pob ntseg tawg . Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv pob ntseg nruab nrab, kev hloov pauv sai sai, suab nrov heev (xws li kev tawg), lossis kev raug mob ntawm lub cev (xws li ntxig ib yam khoom tob dhau). Cov tsos mob suav nrogmob pob ntseg tam sim ntawd, hnov tsis meej, thiab qee zaum muaj kua dej lossis ntshav tawm. Txawm hais tias ntau lub pob ntseg tawg yuav kho tau lawv tus kheej hauv ob peb lub lis piam, qee qhov yuav tsum tau phais hu ua tympanoplasty los kho qhov kua muag thiab tiv thaiv koj lub pob ntseg.
Kab mob pob ntseg
Otosclerosis yog ib qho txheej txheem kho pob txha tsis zoo hauv pob ntseg nruab nrab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha me me. Thaum cov pob txha no "tawg" vim yog pob txha loj hlob ntau dhau, nws tsis tuaj yeem co tau yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, cov suab tsis tuaj yeem mus rau sab hauv pob ntseg zoo, ua rau hnov lus tsis zoo. Feem ntau yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces, qhov mob no feem ntau pib thaum hluas. Zoo hmoo, nws feem ntau tuaj yeem kho tau zoo nrog kev phais mob uas raug hu ua stapedectomy .
Kab mob Perichondritis
Kab mob Perichondritis yog ib qho kev kis kab mob ntawm cov nqaij mos (perichondrium) uas nyob ib puag ncig cov pob txha mos ntawm koj lub pob ntseg sab nraud. Feem ntau nws yog los ntawm kev raug mob, xws li kev tho pob ntseg siab, kev raug mob los ntawm kev ua si nawv, kab tom, lossis cov teeb meem tom qab phais. Cov tsos mob suav nrog liab heev, o, thiab mob hnyav rau ntawm cov pob txha mos ntawm pob ntseg. Kev kho mob sai nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj mus tas li ntawm cov qauv pob ntseg sab nraud.
Kab mob Vestibular Neuritis
Kab mob Vestibular neuritis yog qhov o ntawm cov hlab ntsha vestibular—cov hlab ntsha hauv koj lub pob ntseg sab hauv uas yog lub luag haujlwm xa cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug mus rau koj lub hlwb. Feem ntau qhov mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob viral. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj kiv taub hau sai sai (xeev siab), xeev siab, thiab ntuav , feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau koj lub pob ntseg. Kev kho mob feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj pab txhawb rau xeev siab thiab kiv taub hau, nrog rau kev kho lub cev lossis kev kho mob vestibular.
Kab mob Meniere
Qhov no yog ib qho mob ntev uas cuam tshuam rau pob ntseg sab hauv, ntseeg tias yog los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kua dej tsis zoo. Kab mob Meniere yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev mob hnyav zuj zus. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb suav nrog mob taub hau hnyav, suab nrov hauv pob ntseg (tinnitus), hnov lus tsis zoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub suab qis dua), thiab xav tias lub pob ntseg txhaws lossis puv . Txawm hais tias kev kho mob tsom mus rau kev tswj cov tsos mob (xws li kev hloov pauv zaub mov thiab tshuaj), cov mob hnyav yuav xav tau kev phais tshwj xeeb.
Kev Raug Mob Pob Ntseg
Kev raug mob rau pob ntseg muaj xws li kev txiav yooj yim thiab pob txha mos tawg mus rau pob txha taub hau tawg lossis raug mob hnyav. Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum ntog, sib tsoo tsheb, lossis kev ua si nawv. Nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj, kev phais kho yuav tsum tau ua kom tiv thaiv koj lub pob ntseg thiab kho kom zoo nkauj dua los ntawm kev phais kho dua tshiab lossis phais kom zoo nkauj.
Cov qog pob ntseg
Cov qog pob ntseg tuaj yeem tshwm sim sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub qhov pob ntseg. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov qog tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav (tsis yog qog nqaij hlav) lossis qog nqaij hlav phem (mob qog nqaij hlav):
- Cov Qog Nqaij Mob Zoo: Cov no suav nrog keloids (cov nqaij caws pliav loj hlob ntau dhau, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tho pob ntseg), cov qog sebaceous, osteomas, thiab exostoses (cov pob txha loj hlob hauv lub qhov pob ntseg, feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg caij nthwv dej lossis cov neeg ua luam dej hauv dej txias). Txawm hais tias zoo, cov no feem ntau yuav tsum tau phais tshem tawm yog tias lawv thaiv lub qhov pob ntseg.
- Cov Qog Mob Loj: Cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, thiab squamous cell carcinoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntawm pob ntseg sab nraud lossis hauv lub qhov ncauj. Koj tus kws kho mob qog nqaij hlav yuav txiav txim siab txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws - uas yuav suav nrog kev phais, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, lossis kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog nqaij hlav - raws li hom, theem, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
Cov Cim Ceeb Toom Feem Ntau: Thaum Twg Koj Yuav Tsum Mus Ntsib Kws Kho Mob?
Yog tias koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov cim ceeb toom hauv qab no, nws raug pom zoo kom sab laj nrog kws kho mob kom tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas zoo:
- Mob pob ntseg tas li los yog mob ntse.
- Cov cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob, xws li kub taub hau lossis pob ntseg sab nraud liab thiab sov.
- Muaj kev xav tias puv nkaus lossis muaj kev nyuaj siab hauv pob ntseg.
- Tsis hnov lus tam sim ntawd los yog hnov tsis meej zuj zus, los yog hnov tsis meej.
- Khaus pob ntseg tas li, khaus heev.
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj kiv taub hau lossis vertigo.
- Cov kua dej tawm, kua qaub ncaug, lossis los ntshav ntawm pob ntseg.
- Suab nrov nrov, suab nrov nrov, lossis suab nrov hauv koj pob ntseg (tinnitus).
Kev Kuaj Mob: Cov Kws Kho Mob Kuaj Koj Pob Ntseg Li Cas?
Yog koj mus ntsib kws kho mob pob ntseg lossis kws kho mob pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, thiab caj pas (ENT), lawv yuav ua ib lossis ntau qhov kev kuaj mob no los ntsuas koj lub pob ntseg thiab kev noj qab haus huv pob ntseg:
- Kev Ntsuas Lub Pob Ntseg Pure-Tone: Qhov no yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev hnov lus uas koj hnav lub mloog pob ntseg thiab mloog ntau lub suab ntawm ntau lub suab thiab qhov ntim. Koj yuav raug hais kom nias lub pob lossis tsa koj txhais tes thaum koj hnov lub suab, pab tus kws kho mob nrhiav koj qhov kev hnov lus zoo tshaj plaws.
- Kev Ntsuas Pob Ntseg Nruab Nrab (Tympanometry): Cov kev kuaj no xyuas seb koj lub pob ntseg txav tau zoo npaum li cas thiab ntsuas qhov siab hauv koj lub pob ntseg nruab nrab. Nws tuaj yeem pab nrhiav cov kua dej sib sau ua ke, pob ntseg tawg, lossis teeb meem nrog cov pob txha.
- Kev Ntsuas Kev Paub Hais Lus: Qhov no ntsuas seb koj hnov thiab nkag siab cov lus hais zoo npaum li cas ntawm ntau qib suab nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nrov.
- Kev Ntsuas Lub Hlwb Pob Ntseg (ABR): Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj no, cov khoom siv me me (electrodes) raug muab tso rau ntawm koj lub taub hau thiab tom qab koj pob ntseg. Muaj ntau lub suab nias uas raug ua si los ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg, thiab cov khoom siv ntsuas seb koj cov hlab ntsha pob ntseg thiab lub hlwb teb li cas rau cov suab no. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus.
- Kev Tso Tawm Pob Ntseg (OAEs): Qhov kev kuaj no ntsuas seb cov plaub hau me me hauv koj lub cochlea ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas. Thaum lub suab nkag mus rau hauv pob ntseg sab hauv uas noj qab nyob zoo, lub cochlea tsim cov suab nrov me me (kev tso tawm) uas tuaj yeem ntsuas tau nrog lub microphone me me, rhiab heev uas muab tso rau hauv koj lub pob ntseg. Nws ib txwm siv los tshuaj xyuas cov menyuam mos kom tsis txhob hnov lus.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Tiv Thaiv Koj Lub Hnov Lus: Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb Rau Kev Saib Xyuas Tus Kheej
Yuav kom koj pob ntseg noj qab nyob zoo thiab koj lub pob ntseg ntse thoob plaws koj lub neej, ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim thiab zoo no:
- Khaws Koj Pob Ntseg Kom Qhuav: Maj mam ziab koj pob ntseg tom qab ua luam dej lossis da dej. Yog tias koj ua luam dej tas li, xav txog kev siv cov ntsaws pob ntseg tshwj xeeb kom tiv thaiv dej kom tsis txhob nyob hauv koj lub qhov pob ntseg.
- Tsum Tsis Txhob Siv Cov Paj Rwb So (Q-tips): Koj cov qhov pob ntseg yuav ntxuav tau nws tus kheej. Kev ntxig cov paj rwb so tsuas yog thawb cov quav pob ntseg kom tob dua, ua rau txhaws lossis tho koj lub qhov pob ntseg. Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog cov quav pob ntseg, cia tus kws kho mob ntxuav nws kom huv si.
- Hnav Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Taub Hau: Ib txwm hnav lub kaus mom hlau lossis cov khoom tiv thaiv pob ntseg thaum koom nrog kev ua kis las lossis kev ua ub no uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob taub hau thiab pob ntseg.
- Txo Qhov Nrov: Thaum siv lub mloog pob ntseg lossis lub mloog pob ntseg, khaws qhov nrov ntawm qib kev nyab xeeb (qis dua 60% ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws). Kev mloog suab nrov tas li yog qhov ua rau pob ntseg tsis hnov lus vim muaj suab nrov.
- Siv Kev Tiv Thaiv Pob Ntseg Hauv Qhov Chaw Muaj Suab Nrov:Yog koj ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrov nrov (xws li kev tsim kho lossis kev tsim khoom) lossis mus koom cov kev tshwm sim nrov nrov (xws li kev hais kwv txhiaj), hnav cov ntsaws pob ntseg lossis cov pob ntseg uas txo suab nrov.
- Teem Caij Kuaj Xyuas Kev Hnov Lus Tsis Tu Ncua: Cia ib tug kws tshaj lij soj ntsuam koj qhov kev hnov lus txhua xyoo, lossis ua ntej dua yog tias koj pom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv koj txoj kev hnov lus.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
Koj pob ntseg yog cov kabmob uas nyuaj heev thiab ua haujlwm hnyav. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog tseem ceeb rau koj lub peev xwm los txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb los ntawm suab xwb tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau koj lub cev kom ruaj khov. Kev tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub neej zoo.
Yog tias koj muaj tej yam tsos mob xws li mob pob ntseg, suab nrov tas li (tinnitus), hnov tsis tau dab tsi tam sim ntawd, lossis kiv taub hau, thov tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej lawv. Teem caij mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau thiab sau ntawv kho kom raug. Nco ntsoov, koj lub pob ntseg tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau - saib xyuas koj pob ntseg hnub no!
